scholarly journals Comparison of breeding values among cows with exceptional longevity and their contemporary herdmates in German Holsteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Abfalter ◽  
W. Brade ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Exceptional Longevity ◽  
Positive Weights ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

Abstract. The present analysis compares the estimated breeding values (EBVs), relative breeding values (RBVs), and daughter yield deviations (YDs) of cows with exceptional longevity with their contemporary herdmates. In addition, the relative breeding values of their sires were compared among these two daughter groups; the RBVs of the sires were also compared with the proportion of their daughters with exceptional longevity. Data included 5037 sires born between 1963 and 1996 with a total of 61 988 daughter; of these sires, 486 had sired daughters that completed more than nine lactations (exceptional cows) and 4957 sires had sired the contemporary herdmates. Exceptional cows had on average significantly lower EBVs for milk yield, fat and protein yield, and significantly lower YDs for milk and protein yield in the first three lactations, significantly lower RBVs for milk production and type but significantly higher RBVs for somatic cell score and functional longevity. The sires of exceptional cows had significantly higher RBVs for somatic cell count (RZS), functional longevity (RZN), and fitness (RZFit) in comparison to the sires of contemporary herdmates. Correlations among the proportion of exceptional cows per sire and RZN, RZS as well as RZFit were positive, whereas milk production (RZM) showed a negative correlation. An increase in the number of cows with exceptional longevity may be possible through a relative total breeding value with high positive weights for RZN, RZS, and RZFit but negative weights for RZM and type (RZE).

scholarly journals Untersuchungen an den Ergebnissen der Zuchtwertschätzung von Holstein Bullen und Kühen in Deutschland

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Swalve ◽  
K. Höver
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Annual Trends ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Genetic Trends

Abstract. Title of the paper: Examinations using the results of breeding value estimation for Holstein sires and cows in Germany Besides for selection purposes, estimated breeding values can be used to analyze genetic trends and structures in populations. Using data of 2,440,261 cows from four regions in Germany, genetic trends for all cows under test (registered and grade) were calculated for the period of birth years 1992 to 1999. For milk, fat, and protein yield annual trends on average were 111 kg, 3.2 kg, and 3.3 kg, respectively. An analysis of the use of proven sires revealed that a relatively large proportion of bulls get second crop daughters. Most of them, however, are used in a very limited way. The differential use of sires by breeders besides production is highly influenced by type proofs although in this respect clear differences exist between regions. An analysis comparing first proofs of young bulls with their later proofs based on additional second crop daughters for all German Holstein breeding organisations showed a high degree of agreement between the two proofs. However, this analysis was based on only 127 sires that were used more widely (plus > 500 second crop daughters).

scholarly journals Associations between gene polymorphisms, breeding values, and glucose tolerance test parameters in German Holstein sires

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
J. Čítek ◽  
L. Hanusová ◽  
M. Brzáková ◽  
L. Večerek ◽  
L. Panicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The association between several gene polymorphisms, the estimated breeding values for milk performance traits, and glucose metabolism measured by the glucose tolerance test (GTT) in German Holstein sires were evaluated. Polymorphisms in DGAT1, GH1, GHR, FASN, and OLR1 genes were not associated with the GTT. A significant relationship was obtained for the DGAT1 AA/GC polymorphism and estimated breeding values for milk performance (milk yield, fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentage). The polymorphism in GHR was significantly associated with estimated breeding values for fat yield, and the polymorphism in OLR1 with estimated breeding value for protein yield. It shows the importance of the polymorphisms and makes their use in the breeding possible. GTT may be helpful in metabolic analyses, but the gene polymorphisms assessed in our study were not associated with GTT traits and further studies should examine other gene polymorphisms to support the role of GTT for potential breeding purposes.

scholarly journals The influence of multiple births on subsequent production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Jiří Bezdíček ◽  
Jan Říha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Lower Production

The aim of this study was to evaluate production and reproduction parameters after the birth of twins in holstein cattle (H = 100 %). Evaluation was made in terms of days open (the period between calving and conception; DO), milk production (kg of milk; % of fat, protein and lactose; kg of fat and protein; somatic cell count) and frequence of culling after the birth of twins. Milk production following the birth of twins was compared with milk production in controls matched on characteristics such as identical father, mother reaching the same breeding value of milk kg (± 10 %), evalued lactation occurring on the same farm, in the same year and period (±3 months). The goal was to pairs cows as cohorts with similar origins and production parameters under the same conditions and time. Days open after twinning in the multiple births were compared with days open in previous lactation and also with their cohorts. The data were analysed for 196 Holstein cows which gave birth to twins. The results showed a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) longer number of days open for the twin births. The prolongation was an average of 19 days. Days open through twin births was 132.62 days (sx = 62.22); in the previous lactation it was 113.54 days (sx = 63.14) and in cohorts 113.00 days (sx = 50.57). Milk production was similar in cows with twins and in cohorts (7907; 7871 kg). Average fat, protein and lactose percent in lactation was insignificantly lower in cows with twins (reduction: −0.08; −0.05; −0.02 %). Fat, protein and lactose percent was as follows in the group with twins compared to cohorts (3.72 vs. 3.80; 3.33 vs. 3.38; 4.94 vs. 4.96 %). From this arose an insignificantly lower production in kg of fat and protein (291.14 vs. 297.13; 261.49 vs. 264.74 kg). In the first three milk yield control after multiple births was found an insignificantly lower somatic cell count than in controls (149,7 thousand vs. 188.87 thousand). Frequence of culling after twin births (196 cows = 100%) were on health and reproductive grounds 78 cows (39.8 %) and for other reasons, 15 cows (7.65 %).

scholarly journals Associations between Bovine β-Defensin 4 Genotypes and Production Traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Brodowska ◽  
Zwierzchowski ◽  
Marczak ◽  
Jarmuż ◽  
Bagnicka
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Holstein Friesian

This study analyzed the associations between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (C2239T and A1674C), used together as a genotype located in BNBD4, and milk traits and breeding values of productivity traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. The research was carried out on 322 cows, with 7070 milk parameter and somatic cell count records in daily milking, as well as 897 records covering data on whole lactations, and 2209 breeding value records for productivity traits. The DMU statistical package with a one-trait repeatability test-day animal model was used to estimate the associations. The differences between the genotype effects were analyzed using Duncan’s post-hoc tests. The CC/AA and CT/AC genotypes had the highest frequencies (0.62 and 0.23, respectively). For use in marker-assisted selection, the CC/AC genotype is the most promising as an indicator of high-yielding cows potentially resistant to mastitis, because it was associated with the lowest somatic cell count (SCC), highest milk, fat, and protein yields in daily milking, as well as with milk yield in the whole lactation. The studied genotypes were also related to the breeding values of all the investigated production traits. However, some simulation studies have indicated a high rate of false-positives in GWAS based on classically calculated EBVs.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in CGIL4, breeding value for somatic cell count and resistance to mastitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Čítek ◽  
V. Řehout ◽  
L. Hanusová ◽  
A. Míková ◽  
I. Jašková
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between a potential marker for mastitis, CGIL4, and the breeding value for somatic cell count (SCC) was analysed in a panel of Czech Simmental and German Holstein sires. Genotyping was done by PCR/RFLP. The analysis did not reveal a significant difference in breeding values for SCC depending on the genotype of CGIL4, even though other authors confirmed the relationship between this marker and clinical mastitis. Further investigations will be necessary to clarify the relevance of the marker for selection against mastitis.

scholarly journals Relation of Milk Production Loss to Milk Somatic Cell Count

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Koldeweij ◽  
U. Emanuelson ◽  
L. Janson
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Production Loss

scholarly journals A note on genetic parameters and accuracy of estimated breeding values in honey bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert W. Brascamp ◽  
Piter Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Additive Genetic Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In honey bees, observations are usually made on colonies. The phenotype of a colony is affected by the average breeding value for the worker effect of the thousands of workers in the colony (the worker group) and by the breeding value for the queen effect of the queen of the colony. Because the worker group consists of multiple individuals, interpretation of the variance components and heritabilities of phenotypes observed on the colony and of the accuracy of selection is not straightforward. The additive genetic variance among worker groups depends on the additive genetic relationship between the drone-producing queens (DPQ) that produce the drones that mate with the queen. Results Here, we clarify how the relatedness between DPQ affects phenotypic variance, heritability and accuracy of the estimated breeding values of replacement queens. Second, we use simulation to investigate the effect of assumptions about the relatedness between DPQ in the base population on estimates of genetic parameters. Relatedness between DPQ in the base generation may differ considerably between populations because of their history. Conclusions Our results show that estimates of (co)variance components and derived genetic parameters were seriously biased (25% too high or too low) when assumptions on the relationship between DPQ in the statistical analysis did not agree with reality.

scholarly journals Injectable organic and inorganic selenium in dairy cows – Effects on milk, blood and somatic cell count levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert M. Ferreira ◽  
Inge-Marie Petzer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Serum Selenium Concentration

Mastitis is the most costly disease of dairy cows. A pro-active approach includes insuring adequate levels of selective trace minerals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two different commercially available, injectable selenium products, (sodium) Na-selenite (inorganic) and (selenium) Se-methionine (organic), on milk composition and on serum and milk selenium concentrations in high-yielding Holstein cows on total mix ration. Sixty multiparous cows were randomly selected into three groups of 20, one control group and two groups supplemented with injectable trace minerals. Blood and milk samples were collected over a period of 60 days. No specific change was indicated in milk yield, lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk pH levels compared with baseline values. The Se-methionine supplemented group showed a numerical increase in total milk protein percentage. In the group injected with Se-methionine, a negative correlation was present for the initial 72 hours between serum selenium concentration and somatic cell count (SCC) and a highly significant (p 0.001) increase in milk selenium concentration for the initial 24 hours. Serum selenium concentration of Se-methionine-supplemented cows was however not significantly changed. Injection of Na-selenite led to a 60-day initial increase in serum selenium concentration above baseline levels and a significant milk selenium concentration on day 1 but to a negative correlation between serum selenium concentration and SCC. Differences in serum and milk selenium concentrations followed with the use of organic and inorganic selenium injectables. Injectable Na-selenite, as selenium, can be of important value for cattle farmers if supplemented on strategically physiological periods to improve production, reproduction and immunity.

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