Prevalence of Ketosis Detected by an Electronic Cow Side Test and its Impact to Days Open on Dairy Cows

The study aimed to resolve and confirm the previous results of subclinical and clinical ketosis prevalence in northwestern Croatia detected by an electronic cow side test and its impact on days open in dairy herds. Cows (N=559) 2-8 years old from 96 farms located in northwestern Croatia were included in the study. The average milk yield was 7327.80 ± 968.21 kg. The cows were classified into two separate groups: ketotic cows group KET (n=73) with BHBA blood concentration of ≥1.4 mmol/L, and negative NEG (n=486) group with serum BHBA level of <1.4 mmol/L. One droplet of blood from the caudal vein was collect from randomly selected cows in the period 7 to 15 days after parturition. BHBA level determined with Precision Xceed BHBA devices. The period from parturition to first insemination (days open to the first (artificial) insemination, DOFI) was shorter in NEG than in the POS group (110.56±10.65 days vs.114.82±12.23 days, respectively) such as period from parturition to successful conception (days open to successful conception, DOSC), (139.97±15.18 days vs. 127.99±15.87 days, respectively). The prevalence of clinical and subclinical ketosis was 15.02%. Ketosis significantly prolonged days open to first artificial insemination and days open to successful conception in cows from northwestern Croatia.

Reproductive Performance and Culling Rate of Purebred Holstein Cows and Their Crosses With Fleckvieh and Brown Swiss Cows Under Subtropical Conditions

This study aimed to elucidate the reproductive performance of purebred Holstein (HO) cows with their crosses with Fleckvieh (FV) and Brown Swiss (BS) cows under subtropical conditions. A total of 677 cows [487 HO, 104 HO × FV (HFV); 50% FV and 50% HO and 86 HO × BS (HB); 50% BS and 50% HO] were enrolled in this study. Pure HO cows had significantly greater service per conception (S/C; 3.69), days open (147.9 days), and calving interval (449.6 days), than the HFV (2.89, 116.7, and 407.4 days, respectively) and HB (3.07, 134.3, and 434.2 days, respectively) crossbred cows. At day 28, the conception percentage was significantly greater among HFV crossbred cows vs. pure HO cows [crude odds ratios (COR) = 2.16], but embryonic loss, abortion percentage, calving difficulty, and retained placenta percentage were similar (p &gt; 0.05) among pure HO cows and their crosses. HFV crossbreds had significantly lower incidence of endometritis (COR = 0.70, p = 0.035), mastitis (COR = 0.69, p = 0.015), and ketosis (COR = 0.53, p = 0.004) vs. other cows. HB and pure HO cows had a similar incidence of mastitis, lameness, and ketosis (COR = 0.76, 0.75, and 0.81; p = 0.223, 0.468, and 0.492, respectively). HFV crossbred cows had a lower risk of culling rate than HB crossbred cows. In summary, HFV cows demonstrated the best reproductive performance in terms of S/C, days open, calving interval, conception at 28 days, mastitis percentage, ketosis percentage, and endometritis.

The relationship between subclinical mastitis and reproductive performance of etawa crossbreed (PE) goat in Kokap, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta

Etawa crossbreed (PE) goat farm has been well developed in Kokap, Kulonprogo, and Yogyakarta. The important aspects that support it are doe’s health and reproductive performance. This study aimed to determine the relationship between subclinical mastitis incidence and reproductive performance of the does. This study used 84 does from four different farms, which tested using California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine the mastitis status. The reproductive performance data gained through a questionnaire and the relation to the mastitis status was analyzed using Chi-square. The result showed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 16.67 % (14 does). In the non-mastitis does, 75.71% had long calving interval (CI), 88.57% had long days open (DO), 44.29% had Litter size (LS) 1, and 12.86% had service per conception (S/C) more than 2. Meanwhile, in the mastitis group, the does with long CI was 71.43%, long DO was 85.71%, LS 1 was 28.57%, and S/C > 2 was 14.29%. The chi-square analyses showed no relationship between subclinical mastitis cases with long CI (X2=0.22), long DO (X2=0.09), LS 1 (X2=1.19), and high S/C (X2=0.02). It can be concluded that there was no relation of mastitis cases to reproductive performance of PE does in Kokap, Kuloprogo, and Yogyakarta.

Performance of female Bali cattle in different management systems at Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR) Kuamang Abadi

This study aims to evaluate the performance of Bali cows in different management systems in the Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR) Kuamang Abadi. The linear body measurement and reproductive performances of one hundred twenty-six Bali cows owned by 64 farmers located in 4 villages in SL-SPR Kuamang Abadi were measured and recorded. Survey and observation were done from October to November 2020. Data were analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods. The parameters of linear body measurement included chest circle (CC), body length (BL), and body height (BH). The reproductive performance included age first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and service per conception (S/C). The result of linear body measurement showed that the largest CC was in a semi-intensive system at 158,03 cm; the largest BL and BH in the intensive system were 119,35 cm and 111,2 cm, respectively. The result of the reproductive performance showed that cattle in the semi-intensive systems had lower averages AFC, CI, DO, and S/C, i.e., 958,7 days, 375,1 days, 90,1 days, and 1,7, respectively. The results obtained can be used as the basis for improving maintenance management and the development of breeding Bali cattle in SL-SPR Kuamang Abadi.

Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt

The study aimed to identify the culling reasons of Holstein cows raised in a large commercial herd in Egypt with emphasis on the performance of retained and culled cows. A total of 31534 complete lactation records for 10994 cows calved from 2008 to 2019 were used. The overall rate of culling per lactation was 61.1%. Involuntary culling represented 92% of all culling cases. The reasons for culling included mastitis and udder problems (24.2%), reproductive disorders (18.7%), metabolic and digestive disorders (13.6%), lameness (13%), endemic diseases (10.8%), low milk yield (8.1%), respiratory diseases (4.3%) and unknown causes (7.3%). Means of 305-day milk yield and daily milk yield were significantly lower in culled cows than the retained ones. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed between culled and retained cows for days open and the number of services/conception. The high involuntary culling rate of Holstein under the Egyptian conditions revealed that management practices regarding mastitis prevention and reproductive efficiency should be improved.

Major management factors associated with reproductive performance and disorders in cows at Rajshahi region of Bangladesh

Background: The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing major factors that affect the reproductive performance and disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from January 2014 to June 2015. Data on herd size, feed quality, breeding, grazing, management system, reproductive disorders, age at puberty, age at firs calving, post-partum heat period, service per conception, days open and calving interval of 500 cows were collected from farm owners by administering a questionnaire. We recorded the important diseases contacting farmers by mobile phone and visiting the farms. The effect of farm size, rearing system, feed quality and preventive measure on reproductive performance were evaluated by analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. Unpaired T-test was used to compare the reproductive performance according to breeding. Chi-square test was used to compare between two categories of a dichotomous outcome.. Results: The age at puberty, age at first calving, post-partum heat period, service per conception, days open and calving interval were 26.42±0.22 m, 35.48±0.22 m, 121.85±3.48 days, 1.93±0.04, 136.80±3.57 days and 401.04±3.94 days, respectively. Farm size had significant effect (P<0.05) on all reproductive traits (RT) except on service per conception and days open. The best reproductive performance (RP) was found in small size farm, good quality of feed, AI breeding method and preventive measure by veterinarian. Among the disorders, anoestrus, abortion, repeat breeding, retained placenta were most prevalent followed by dystocia, mastitis, vaginal prolapse, pyometra, metritis, uterine prolapse, milk fever, and still birth. The highest prevalence of reproductive disorders (RD) was found in intensive rearing system (39.8%). The prevalence of all RDs was higher in artificially inseminated cows (59.6%) than those bred by natural service (19.0%). Conclusion: The study revealed a lower RP of dairy cows and higher prevalence of RDs. The better reproductive performance was recorded in small than large and medium farms. Good quality of feed should be offered to dairy cow for better reproductive performance. Artificial insemination should also be preferred than natural service for better reproductive performance. Measures to control reproductive diseases should be undertaken in large herds and intensive housing system.

Reproductive Potential of Red Chittagong Cattle in Bangladesh

The study was carried out to investigate the phenotypic and genetic potential of reproductive traits of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) of Bangladesh. For that purpose accumulated data on a total of 101 animals from four different herds covering a period from 2005 to 2011 were used for analyses. The overall mean (±SE) values of age at first heat (AFH), age at first conception (AFC), age at first calving (AC), calving rate per productive year (CR), interval to post partum heat (IPPH), days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and generation interval (GI) were 35.9±1.1 month, 42.1±1.3 month, 50.6±1.1 month, 0.87±0.01 month, 149.4±9.5 days, 178.6±11.0 days, 454.9±10.4 days and 4.2±0.1 year, respectively. The factors having significant effects on reproductive traits were herd on DO and CI and calving year on DO. Calving parity and calving season had no significant effect on those traits. The heritability estimates of IPPH, DO and CI were very low (0, 0.06 and 0.09) and that of corresponding repeatability estimates were also low (0.06, 0.08 and 0.09, respectively). The heritability estimates for other traits were moderate (0.39 to 0.50). The results indicated that though reproductive potential of RCC for most of the traits are below than expected, that may be due to their lower inherent capability of indigenous Zebu compared to Taurus, but there is still opportunity of considerable improvement of these traits studied as indicated by their phenotypic variations among population.

PERFORMA PRODUKSI DAN REPRODUKSI SAPI PERAH DI UPTD BPPIP-TSP BUNIKASIH

Peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia memiliki potensi besar untuk berkembang dan dikembangkan. Meskipun demikian, peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia menghadapi berbagai tantangan terutama dalam meningkatkan performa reproduksi dan produksi. Peran penting unit pelaksana teknis perlu diperkuat untuk dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan performa peternakan di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mengidentifikasi profil performa reproduksi dan produksi serta faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan performa di BPPIB-TSP Bunikasih. Penelitian dilakukan di BPPIB-TSP Bunikasih dari 13 Januari hingga 3 April 2020 dengan mengumpulkan data primer maupun sekunder, antara lain data populasi, pemberian pakan, produksi (kualitas dan kuantitas), dan reproduksi. Data-data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa reproduksi dan produksi di lokasi penelitian ini masih perlu ditingkatkan. Beberapa peubah sudah sesuai dengan yang telah ditargetkan, namun beberapa peubah masih perlu ditingkatkan seperti jarak partus ke IB I, conception rate, days open dan calving interval. Faktor-faktor penting yang berkaitan untuk meningkatkan performa antara lain pemberian pakan (kuantitas, kualitas, dan imbangan), manajemen pemeliharaan, kesehatan ternak, dan aspek teknis lainnya. Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya perbaikan faktor-faktor tersebut dalam rangka meningkatkan performa reproduksi dan produksi sapi perah.

Pengaruh Tipe Kelahiran terhadap Produksi Susu, Lama Laktasi, Masa Kering, Masa Kosong, dan Selang Beranak Kambing Saanen

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Saanen doe goats’ birth types on milk yields,lactation length, dry period, days open and kidding interval at PT Fajar Taurus. This research employeda case study method using secondary data of production and reproduction of Saanen doe goats. Datawas analysed using Microsoft Excel program and Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed percentages ofSaanen doe goats with single, twinning and triplets birth are 47.94%, 39.73% and 12.33% respectively.Milk yields for single birth was 1,14±0,43 litres/goat/day, lactation length of 286.43±119.73 days, dryperiod of 68.89±18.57 days, days open of 205.31±117.67 days, and kidding interval of 355.31±117.67days. Milk yields for twinning birth was 1.32±0.49 litres/goat/day, lactation length of 270±219.43 days,dry period of 69.10±17.52 days, days open of 189.10±227.22 days, and kidding interval of 339.10±227.22days. Meanwhile, milk yields for triplets birth was 0.93±0.40 litres/goat/day, lactation length of360±228.97 days, dry period of 66.67±23.78 days, days open of 276.67±240.38 days, and kidding intervalof 426.67±240.38 days. There is nonsignificant effect of birth types on milk yields, lactation length, daysopen and kidding interval in Saanen doe goats (P>0.05). However, birth types were found to have asignificant effect on dry period (P<0.05).

EVALUASI REPRODUKSI INDUK SAPI POTONG LIMOSIN DENGAN SISTEM PERKAWINAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (STUDI LAPANG DI KELURAHAN KLAMPOK KECAMATAN SANANWETAN KOTA BLITAR

The aim of this study was to determine reproductive evaluation of Limosin beef cattle by using artificial insemination mating systems located in Klampok Village, Sananwetan District, Blitar City. The results of the study, mean service value per conception (SC) which has a result of 1.55. The mean conception rate (CR) score was 55.5%. The average value of Days Open (DO) has a yield of 123.5 days. The mean value of the Calving Interval (CI) is 372.5 days. The conclusion of this study is the evaluation of the reproduction of Limosin beef cattle using the artificial insemination mating system in Klampok Village, Sananwetan District, Blitar City produces good values ​​including the Value of Service per Conception (S / C), Days Open (DO), Clving Interval (CI) while Conception speed value is still low below the average range.