scholarly journals High-resolution sampling and analysis of ambient particulate matter in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China: source apportionment and health risk implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2049-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhen Zhou ◽  
Perry K. Davy ◽  
Minjuan Huang ◽  
Jingbo Duan ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. Hazardous air pollutants, such as trace elements in particulate matter (PM), are known or highly suspected to cause detrimental effects on human health. To understand the sources and associated risks of PM to human health, hourly time-integrated major trace elements in size-segregated coarse (PM2.5–10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter were collected at the industrial city of Foshan in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Receptor modeling of the data set by positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify six sources contributing to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at the site. Dominant sources included industrial coal combustion, secondary inorganic aerosol, motor vehicles and construction dust along with two intermittent sources (biomass combustion and marine aerosol). The biomass combustion source was found to be a significant contributor to peak PM2.5 episodes along with motor vehicles and industrial coal combustion. Conditional probability function (CPF) analysis was applied to estimate the source locations using the PMF-resolved source contribution coupled with the surface wind direction data. Health exposure risk of hazardous trace elements (Pb, As, Si, Cr, Mn and Ni) and source-specific values were estimated. The total hazard quotient (HQ) of PM2.5 was 2.09, higher than the acceptable limit (HQ = 1). The total carcinogenic risk (CR) was 3.37 × 10−3 for PM2.5, which was 3 times higher than the least stringent limit (1.0 × 10−4). Among the selected trace elements, As and Pb posed the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health, respectively. In addition, our results show that the industrial coal combustion source is the dominant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk contributor, highlighting the need for stringent control of this source. This study provides new insight for policy makers to prioritize sources in air quality management and health risk reduction.

scholarly journals High-resolution sampling and analysis of ambient particulate matter in the Pearl River Delta region of Southern China: source apportionment and health risk implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhen Zhou ◽  
Perry K. Davy ◽  
Minjuan Huang ◽  
Jingbo Duan ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. Hazardous air pollutants, such as trace elements in particulate matter (PM), are known or highly suspected to cause detrimental effects on human health. To understand the sources and associated risks of PM to human health, hourly time-integrated major trace elements in size-segregated coarse (PM2.5–10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter were collected at the industrial city of Foshan in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Receptor modeling of the dataset by positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify six sources contributing to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at the site. Dominant sources included industrial coal combustion, secondary inorganic aerosol, motor vehicles and construction dust along with two intermittent sources (biomass combustion and marine aerosol). The biomass combustion source was found to be a significant contributor to peak PM2.5 episodes along with motor vehicles and industrial coal combustion. Conditional probability function (CPF) was applied to estimate the source locations using the PMF-resolved source contribution coupled with the surface wind direction data. Health exposure risk of hazardous trace elements (Pb, As, Si, Cr, Mn and Ni) and source-specific values were estimated. The total hazard quotient (HQ) of PM2.5 was 2.09, higher than the acceptable limit (HQ = 1). The total carcinogenic risk (CR) was 3.37 × 10−3 for PM2.5, which was three times higher than the most tolerable limit (1.0 × 10−4). Among the selected trace elements, As and Pb posed the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health, respectively. In addition, our results showed that industrial coal combustion source was the dominant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks contributor, highlighting the need for stringent control of this source. This study provides new insight for policy makers to prioritize sources in air quality management and health risk reduction.

The Changes of PM2.5, BC, Elements and Pollution Sources Using Nuclear Technology in Xinzhen, Beijing Over the Past Decade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkai Yang ◽  
Yonggang Yao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yangmei Zhang ◽  
Caijin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Coal Boiler ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract The concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC), elements as well as sources of pollution in Beijing from 2003 to 2018 were investigated. The results show that the concentrations of PM2.5 and BC had similar annual and seasonal trends, especially in autumn-winter, which with declining trends in recent years. The proportion of BC in PM2.5 reduced from 13% in 2013(max) to 8.5% in 2018(min), indicating the reducing measure of replacing coal boiler with gas boilers worked well. In this study, annual trends of 15 elements were also discussed, it is found that the concentrations of S, K, Mn, Ca, Pb, Cu, Mn and Fe displayed remarkable decrease these years. Br, Zn and Cl was growing overall and Cl was more concentrated in PM2.5 in autumn and winter. Moreover, the In detected by NAA with high sensitivity may be a new and crucial fingerprint element associated with coal combustion, industry emission or biomass combustion because of correlation with BC, Na, K, Cu and halogen elements well. Finally, 6-factor solution was identified during 2007 and 2016-2017 by EPA PMF, and the proportions of some pollution sources changed a lot in PM2.5. Soil management in north China reduced the soil and dust source by 9.2%; The contribution of Industry-S or secondary S showed decrease from 27.5% to 22.5% due to industries relocating , gasoline with sulfur optimization and coal burning restriction; Banning straw burning and waste incineration in 2007 kept biomass and waste combustion out gradually. However, initial stage of some policies maybe the main reasons for a small increase of coal combustion source despite some steps taken.

scholarly journals Simulation of Biomass Combustion with Modified Flue Gas Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Nikola Čajová Kantová ◽  
Sławomir Sładek ◽  
Jozef Jandačka ◽  
Alexander Čaja ◽  
Radovan Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Viscosity Models ◽  
Shear Stress Transport Model

The combustion of biomass is accompanied by the formation of particulate matter, the presence of which in the atmosphere harms human health. It is important to show the issues of reducing these pollutants and their impact on human health. This article focuses on the process of biomass combustion. The used model consists of two parts: the combustion chamber and the flue gas tract. The article shows four types of modification of the flue gas tract designed to reduce the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Baffles are located in the flue gas tract, which is designed to capture the particulate matter. The final model is simulated by turbulent–viscosity models, k-ε realizable model, and then k-ω shear stress transport model. The interaction between turbulence and chemical reactions is expressed by using the Eddy Dissipation Concept model. The results then show different profiles of temperature, velocity, and particle distribution. Based on the evaluated data from two different calculations, it can be concluded that the baffles have a significant effect on the reduction of particulate matter in the atmosphere. The used baffles are able to capture mainly particles with a diameter greater than 100 µm. A significant number of particles with a diameter lower than 100 µm flows from the flue gas tract to the surrounding environment.

scholarly journals Origin, distribution, and perspective health benefits of particulate matter in the air of underground salt mine: a case study from Bochnia, Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puławska ◽  
Maciej Manecki ◽  
Michał Flasza ◽  
Katarzyna Styszko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Salt Mines

Abstract The composition and distribution of airborne particles in different locations in a salt mine were determined in terms of their origin, the distance from the air inlet, and the adaptation of post-mining chambers and corridors for tourists and general audience. The composition of aerosols in air was also evaluated from the perspective of human health. Air samples were collected on filters by using portable air pumps, in a historical underground salt mine in Bochnia (Poland), which is currently a touristic and recreation attraction and sanatorium. The particulate matter (PM) concentration was determined using the gravimetric method by weighing quartz filters. The content of carbon, water-soluble constituents, trace elements, and minerals was also determined. A genetic classification of the suspended matter was proposed and comprised three groups: geogenic (fragments of rock salt and associated minerals from the deposit), anthropogenic (carbon-bearing particles from tourist traffic and small amounts of fly ash, soot, and rust), and biogenic particles (occasional pollen). The total PM concentration in air varied between 21 and 79 μg/m3 (with PM4 constituting 4–24 μg/m3). The amount of atmospheric dust components coming from the surface was low and decreased with the distance from the intake shaft, thus indicating the self-cleaning process. NaCl dominated the water-soluble constituents, while Fe, Al, Ag, Mn, and Zn dominated the trace elements, with the concentration of majority of them below 30 ng/m3. These metals are released into air from both natural sources and the wear or/and corrosion of mining and tourists facilities in the underground functional space. No potentially toxic elements or constituents were detected. The presence of salt particles and salty spray in the atmosphere of salt mine, which may have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties, is beneficial to human health. This study will allow for a broader look at the potential of halotherapy in underground salt mines from a medical and regulatory point of view.

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