The Changes of PM2.5, BC, Elements and Pollution Sources Using Nuclear Technology in Xinzhen, Beijing Over the Past Decade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkai Yang ◽  
Yonggang Yao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yangmei Zhang ◽  
Caijin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Coal Boiler ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract The concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC), elements as well as sources of pollution in Beijing from 2003 to 2018 were investigated. The results show that the concentrations of PM2.5 and BC had similar annual and seasonal trends, especially in autumn-winter, which with declining trends in recent years. The proportion of BC in PM2.5 reduced from 13% in 2013(max) to 8.5% in 2018(min), indicating the reducing measure of replacing coal boiler with gas boilers worked well. In this study, annual trends of 15 elements were also discussed, it is found that the concentrations of S, K, Mn, Ca, Pb, Cu, Mn and Fe displayed remarkable decrease these years. Br, Zn and Cl was growing overall and Cl was more concentrated in PM2.5 in autumn and winter. Moreover, the In detected by NAA with high sensitivity may be a new and crucial fingerprint element associated with coal combustion, industry emission or biomass combustion because of correlation with BC, Na, K, Cu and halogen elements well. Finally, 6-factor solution was identified during 2007 and 2016-2017 by EPA PMF, and the proportions of some pollution sources changed a lot in PM2.5. Soil management in north China reduced the soil and dust source by 9.2%; The contribution of Industry-S or secondary S showed decrease from 27.5% to 22.5% due to industries relocating , gasoline with sulfur optimization and coal burning restriction; Banning straw burning and waste incineration in 2007 kept biomass and waste combustion out gradually. However, initial stage of some policies maybe the main reasons for a small increase of coal combustion source despite some steps taken.

scholarly journals High-resolution sampling and analysis of ambient particulate matter in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China: source apportionment and health risk implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2049-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhen Zhou ◽  
Perry K. Davy ◽  
Minjuan Huang ◽  
Jingbo Duan ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. Hazardous air pollutants, such as trace elements in particulate matter (PM), are known or highly suspected to cause detrimental effects on human health. To understand the sources and associated risks of PM to human health, hourly time-integrated major trace elements in size-segregated coarse (PM2.5–10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter were collected at the industrial city of Foshan in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Receptor modeling of the data set by positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify six sources contributing to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at the site. Dominant sources included industrial coal combustion, secondary inorganic aerosol, motor vehicles and construction dust along with two intermittent sources (biomass combustion and marine aerosol). The biomass combustion source was found to be a significant contributor to peak PM2.5 episodes along with motor vehicles and industrial coal combustion. Conditional probability function (CPF) analysis was applied to estimate the source locations using the PMF-resolved source contribution coupled with the surface wind direction data. Health exposure risk of hazardous trace elements (Pb, As, Si, Cr, Mn and Ni) and source-specific values were estimated. The total hazard quotient (HQ) of PM2.5 was 2.09, higher than the acceptable limit (HQ = 1). The total carcinogenic risk (CR) was 3.37 × 10−3 for PM2.5, which was 3 times higher than the least stringent limit (1.0 × 10−4). Among the selected trace elements, As and Pb posed the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health, respectively. In addition, our results show that the industrial coal combustion source is the dominant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk contributor, highlighting the need for stringent control of this source. This study provides new insight for policy makers to prioritize sources in air quality management and health risk reduction.

scholarly journals High-resolution sampling and analysis of ambient particulate matter in the Pearl River Delta region of Southern China: source apportionment and health risk implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhen Zhou ◽  
Perry K. Davy ◽  
Minjuan Huang ◽  
Jingbo Duan ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. Hazardous air pollutants, such as trace elements in particulate matter (PM), are known or highly suspected to cause detrimental effects on human health. To understand the sources and associated risks of PM to human health, hourly time-integrated major trace elements in size-segregated coarse (PM2.5–10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter were collected at the industrial city of Foshan in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Receptor modeling of the dataset by positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify six sources contributing to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at the site. Dominant sources included industrial coal combustion, secondary inorganic aerosol, motor vehicles and construction dust along with two intermittent sources (biomass combustion and marine aerosol). The biomass combustion source was found to be a significant contributor to peak PM2.5 episodes along with motor vehicles and industrial coal combustion. Conditional probability function (CPF) was applied to estimate the source locations using the PMF-resolved source contribution coupled with the surface wind direction data. Health exposure risk of hazardous trace elements (Pb, As, Si, Cr, Mn and Ni) and source-specific values were estimated. The total hazard quotient (HQ) of PM2.5 was 2.09, higher than the acceptable limit (HQ = 1). The total carcinogenic risk (CR) was 3.37 × 10−3 for PM2.5, which was three times higher than the most tolerable limit (1.0 × 10−4). Among the selected trace elements, As and Pb posed the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health, respectively. In addition, our results showed that industrial coal combustion source was the dominant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks contributor, highlighting the need for stringent control of this source. This study provides new insight for policy makers to prioritize sources in air quality management and health risk reduction.

VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333
Author(s):  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

scholarly journals Characterizing Black Carbon Emissions from Gasoline, LPG, and Diesel Vehicles via Transient Chassis-Dynamometer Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5856
Author(s):  
Gyutae Park ◽  
Kyunghoon Kim ◽  
Taehyun Park ◽  
Seokwon Kang ◽  
Jihee Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

With global anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emissions increasing, automobiles are significantly contributing as the major source of emissions. However, the appropriate regulations of BC emissions from vehicles are not in place. This study examined BC emissions following fuel types (gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and diesel) and engine combustion (gasoline direct injection (GDI) and multi-port injection (MPI) for gasoline vehicles) with emission regulations. To this end, chassis dynamometer and aethalometer (AE33) were used. Driving modes created by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) and emission certification modes (CVS-75 and NEDC) for vehicles in Korea were used to determine BC emissions for various vehicle speeds. In addition, the contributions of biomass and coal combustion to the data of AE33 were analyzed to determine the possibility of tracking the BC sources. MPI, LPG, and EURO 6 with diesel particulate filter (DPF) vehicles emitted the lowest BC emissions in NIER modes. Among gasoline vehicles, MPI vehicles showed the lower BC content in PM emissions. Also, older vehicles in MPI vehicles emitted the high PM and BC emissions. The BC emissions of EURO 3 vehicles without DPF were the highest as the results of previous studies, and it was found that as emissions regulations were tightened, the level of BC results of diesel vehicles became similar with MPI vehicles. The average absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) from difference emissions sources were biomass combustion (oak wood) > coal combustion (the power plant stack) > automobile emissions (gasoline, LPG, diesel).

scholarly journals Biogeocenosis development during initial revegetation of a coal combustion ash dump

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sheremet ◽  
Ivan Belanov ◽  
Vladimir Doronkin ◽  
Tatiana Lamanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Substrate Moisture

The initial stage of biogeocenoses development on the coal ash dump produced by the thermal power staton in Novosibirsk (55.000, 83.068), Russia, were studied after 9 years of spontaneous revegetation. Soil properties, soil cover and plant communities were examined in detail. The predominating types of embryozems and transition from open to succession plant communities were described. Soil substrate moisture content was found to determine changes in plant species composition, projective cover and abundance, altogether causing asynchronicity of soil formation in different sites.

On the Development of Precision Seeder Intelligent Monitoring System Controlled by Single-Chip Microcomputer

2014 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Qing Yong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Initial Stage

The development of precision seeder is still in an initial stage in China. Most seeders are mechanical and semi-precision sowing, and intelligent monitoring and controlling systems also have great shortage. This paper discusses intelligent seeding monitoring, fertilizer box and seed box margin monitoring, and bellows pressure monitoring. The main feature of this system is that it adopts modularity, sensor with high-sensitivity and wireless transmission technology for convenient maintenance, which greatly improves the reliability of the system, and provides a feasible scheme for the development of precision seeder.

scholarly journals Iron-containing phases in fly ashes from different combustion systems

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szumiata ◽  
Małgorzata Gzik-Szumiata ◽  
Katarzyna Brzózka ◽  
Bogumił Górka ◽  
Michał Gawroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Pulverized Coal Boiler ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Coal Boiler ◽  
Heating Plant

Abstract The investigations of iron-containing phases existing in fly ashes were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The examined samples of fly ashes were collected from different coal combustion systems, that is, stoker-fired boiler in municipal heating plant and pulverized coal boiler in power plant. Several phases are identified in the samples: iron oxides, paramagnetic aluminosilicate glass with Fe3+ ions and Al2O4-type spinel with Fe2+ ions. It was pointed out that proportions of contents of phases strongly depend not only on the combustion temperature but also on the way of ash collection.

Current Situation and Main Pollution Sources of Rural Water Environment in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
National Average ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Average Figure

Pollution of surface water in rural areas in china remained serious, analysis the main pollution sources. Figure. 1 shows that the average concentration of COD from township enterprises was about two times the national average. Figure. 2 and figure. 3 shows that amount of fertilizers and pesticides use basically increases year by year and annually are enormous. Agricultural pollution is more serious than industrial pollution,untreated domestic sources of pollution and livestock breeding were harm to water environment in rural areas.

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