scholarly journals Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere: sorption mechanism and source contributions to respiratory deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 20811-20850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lv ◽  
X. Li ◽  
T. T. Xu ◽  
T. T. Cheng ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fine Mode

Abstract. Current knowledge on atmospheric particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) size distribution remains incomplete. Information is missing on sorption mechanisms and the influence of the PAHs' sources on their transport in human respiratory system. Here we present the studies systematically investigating the modal distribution characteristics of the size-fractioned PAHs and calculating the source contribution to adverse health effects through inhalation. Aerosol samples with nine size fractions were collected from Shanghai urban air over one year period 2012–2013. A high correlation coefficient existed between measured and predicted values (R2= 0.87), indicated that the data worked very well in current study. Most PAHs were observed on the small particles followed with seasonality differences. When normalized by PAHs across particle diameters, the size distribution of PAHs exhibited bimodal patterns, with a peak (0.4–2.1 μm) in fine mode and another peak (3.3–9.0 μm) in coarse mode, respectively. Along with the increasing ring number of PAHs, the intensity of the fine mode peak increased, while coarse mode peak decreased. Plotting of log(PAH/PM) against log(Dp) showed that all slope values were above −1 with the increase towards less-ring PAHs, suggesting that multiple mechanisms, i.e. adsorption and absorption controlled the PAHs on particles, but adsorption played a much stronger role for 5- and 6-ring than 3- and 4-ring PAHs. The mode distribution behavior of PAHs showed that fine particles were major carriers for the more-ring PAHs. Further calculations using inhaling PAHs data showed the total deposition fluxes in respiratory tract were 8.8 ± 2.0 ng h-1. Specifically, fine particles contributed 10–40 % of PAHs deposition fluxes to the alveolar region, while coarse particles contributed 80–95 % of ones to the head region. Estimated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for people exercised in haze days (1.5 × 10-6) was bigger than the cancer risk guideline value (10-6). The largest PAHs contribution for LCR mainly came from the accumulation particles. Based on source apportionment results generated by positive matrix factorization (PMF), it was found that the cancer risk caused in accumulated mode mainly resulted from biomass burning (24 %), coal combustion (25 %) and vehicular emission (27 %). The present results contribute to a mechanistic understanding of PAHs size distribution causing adverse health effects and will help develop some source control strategies or policies by relying on respiratory assessment data.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói, Brazil: Particle size distribution, sources and cancer risk assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 599-600 ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fernandes Jaegger Franco ◽  
Michele Fabri de Resende ◽  
Leonardo de Almeida Furtado ◽  
Taila Figueredo Brasil ◽  
Marcos N. Eberlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Emitted Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lignite-biomass Pelletization Burning: Size Distribution and Human Health Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 805-816
Author(s):  
Rithy KAN ◽  
Thaniya KAOSOL ◽  
Perapong TEKASAKUL ◽  
Surajit TEKASAKUL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Human Health Effects

Risk assessment of emitted particle polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from lignite-biomass pelletization burning focusing on size distribution and human health effects are investigated. The particles and PAHs are experimented by a tube furnace and high performance liquid chromatography coupled diode array and fluorescence detectors (HPLC-DAD/FLD), respectively. The carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic potencies of PAHs are also discussed in relative to the size distribution of emitted particle PAHs. The results indicate that the carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic potencies of PAHs are like to accumulate in the ultrafine particles finer than 0.65 µm. The ultrafine particles contribute the largest PAHs existences of carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic substances; even though they register in the small mass fraction of PAHs.  Moreover, the co-pellets burning can reduce the values of carcinogenic PAHs, carcinogenic equivalency quotients (BaP-TEQ), mutagenic equivalency quotients (BaP-MEQ), and toxic equivalency quotients (TCDD-TEQ) by more than 60%.

scholarly journals Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Lu Yang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.

scholarly journals Classroom Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jeddah Primary Schools, Saudi Arabia: Level, Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Alghamdi ◽  
Salwa K. Hassan ◽  
Noura A. Alzahrani ◽  
Marwan Y. Al Sharif ◽  
Mamdouh I. Khoder
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Suburban Schools ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Data concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jeddah’s schools, Saudi Arabia, and their implications for health risks to children, is scarce. Classroom air conditioner filter dusts were collected from primary schools in urban, suburban and residential areas of Jeddah. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of classroom-dust-bound PAHs and the health risks to children of PAH exposure. Average PAH concentrations were higher in urban schools than suburban and residential schools. Benzo (b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(ghi)perylene (BGP), chrysene (CRY) and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) at urban and suburban schools and BbF, BGP, fluoranthene (FLT) and indeno (1, 2, 3, −cd)pyrene (IND) at residential schools were the dominant compounds in classroom dust. PAHs with five aromatic rings were the most abundant at all schools. The relative contribution of the individual PAH compounds to total PAH concentrations in the classroom dusts of schools indicate that the study areas do share a common source, vehicle emissions. Based on diagnostic ratios of PAHs, they are emitted from local pyrogenic sources, and traffic is the significant PAH source, with more significant contributions from gasoline-fueled than from diesel cars. Based on benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPequi) calculations, total carcinogenic activity (TCA) for total PAHs represent 21.59% (urban schools), 20.99% (suburban schools), and 18.88% (residential schools) of total PAH concentrations. DBA and BaP were the most dominant compounds contributing to the TCA, suggesting the importance of BaP and DBA as surrogate compounds for PAHs in this schools. Based on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCingestion, ILCRinhalation, ILCRdermal) and total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR)) calculations, the order of cancer risk was: urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. Both ingestion and dermal contact are major contributors to cancer risk. Among PAHs, DBA, BaP, BbF, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and IND have the highest ILCR values at all schools. LCR and TLCR values at all schools were lower than 10−6, indicating virtual safety. DBA, BaP and BbF were the predominant contributors to cancer effects in all schools.

scholarly journals Amino-PAHs activated Nrf2/ARE anti-oxidative defense system and promoted inflammatory responses: the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiying Wu ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Mingyuan Liu ◽  
Yu Shang ◽  
Jing An
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The amino polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (amino-PAHs) were frequently detected in PM2.5, and it was suggested that they contributed to the harmful health effects associated with PM2.5.

Phase and Size Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel and Gasoline Vehicle Emissions

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2557-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zielinska ◽  
J. Sagebiel ◽  
W. P. Arnott ◽  
C. F. Rogers ◽  
K. E. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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