scholarly journals Review of "Impact of Biomass Burning emission on total peroxy nitrates: fire plume identification during the BORTAS campaign"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates

scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning emission on total peroxy nitrates: fire plume identification during the BORTAS campaign

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5591-5606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Aruffo ◽  
Fabio Biancofiore ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
Marcella Busilacchio ◽  
Marco Verdecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Total peroxy nitrate ( ∑ PN) concentrations have been measured using a thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) instrument during the BORTAS campaign, which focused on the impact of boreal biomass burning (BB) emissions on air quality in the Northern Hemisphere. The strong correlation observed between the  ∑ PN concentrations and those of carbon monoxide (CO), a well-known pyrogenic tracer, suggests the possible use of the  ∑ PN concentrations as marker of the BB plumes. Two methods for the identification of BB plumes have been applied: (1)  ∑ PN concentrations higher than 6 times the standard deviation above the background and (2)  ∑ PN concentrations higher than the 99th percentile of the  ∑ PNs measured during a background flight (B625); then we compared the percentage of BB plume selected using these methods with the percentage evaluated, applying the approaches usually used in literature. Moreover, adding the pressure threshold ( ∼  750 hPa) as ancillary parameter to  ∑ PNs, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and CO, the BB plume identification is improved. A recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) model was adapted to simulate the concentrations of  ∑ PNs and HCN, including nitrogen oxide (NO), acetonitrile (CH3CN), CO, ozone (O3) and atmospheric pressure as input parameters, to verify the specific role of these input data to better identify BB plumes.

scholarly journals Impact of Biomass Burning emission on total peroxy nitrates: fire plume identification during the BORTAS campaign

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Aruffo ◽  
Fabio Biancofiore ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
Marcella Busilacchio ◽  
Marco Verdecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The total peroxy nitrates (∑PNs) concentrations have been measured using a thermal dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) instrument during the BORTAS campaign, which focused on the impact of boreal biomass burning emissions on air quality in the Northern hemisphere. The strong correlation observed between the ∑PNs concentrations and those of the carbon monoxide (CO), a well-known pyrogenic tracer, suggests the possible use of the ∑PNs concentrations as marker of the biomass burning (BB) plumes. We applied both statistical and percentile methods to the ∑PNs concentrations, comparing the percentage of BB plume selected using these methods with the percentage evaluated applying the approaches usually used in literature. Moreover, adding the pressure threshold (~ 750 hPa) to ∑PNs, HCN and CO, as ancillary parameter, the BB plume identification is improved. An artificial recurrent neural network (ANN) model was adapted to simulate the concentrations of ∑PNs and the HCN including as input parameters ∑PNs, HCN, CO and atmospheric pressure, to verify the specific role of these input data to better identify BB plumes.

scholarly journals Production of peroxy nitrates in boreal biomass burning plumes over Canada during the BORTAS campaign

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 3485-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Busilacchio ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
Eleonora Aruffo ◽  
Fabio Biancofiore ◽  
Cesare Dari Salisburgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Fire Plumes ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates ◽  
In Fire ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The observations collected during the BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) campaign in summer 2011 over Canada are analysed to study the impact of forest fire emissions on the formation of ozone (O3) and total peroxy nitrates ∑PNs, ∑ROONO2). The suite of measurements on board the BAe-146 aircraft, deployed in this campaign, allows us to calculate the production of O3 and of  ∑PNs, a long-lived NOx reservoir whose concentration is supposed to be impacted by biomass burning emissions. In fire plumes, profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), which is a well-established tracer of pyrogenic emission, show concentration enhancements that are in strong correspondence with a significant increase of concentrations of ∑PNs, whereas minimal increase of the concentrations of O3 and NO2 is observed. The ∑PN and O3 productions have been calculated using the rate constants of the first- and second-order reactions of volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation. The ∑PN and O3 productions have also been quantified by 0-D model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism. Both methods show that in fire plumes the average production of ∑PNs and O3 are greater than in the background plumes, but the increase of ∑PN production is more pronounced than the O3 production. The average ∑PN production in fire plumes is from 7 to 12 times greater than in the background, whereas the average O3 production in fire plumes is from 2 to 5 times greater than in the background. These results suggest that, at least for boreal forest fires and for the measurements recorded during the BORTAS campaign, fire emissions impact both the oxidized NOy and O3,  but (1 ∑PN production is amplified significantly more than O3 production and (2) in the forest fire plumes the ratio between the O3 production and the ∑PN production is lower than the ratio evaluated in the background air masses, thus confirming that the role played by the ∑PNs produced during biomass burning is significant in the O3 budget. The implication of these observations is that fire emissions in some cases, for example boreal forest fires and in the conditions reported here, may influence more long-lived precursors of O3 than short-lived pollutants, which in turn can be transported and eventually diluted in a wide area.

scholarly journals A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified using aerosol index measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 6461-6469 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guan ◽  
R. Esswein ◽  
J. Lopez ◽  
R. Bergstrom ◽  
A. Warnock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerosol Index

Abstract. We have quantified the relationship between Aerosol Index (AI) measurements and plume height for young biomass burning plumes using coincident Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measurements. This linear relationship allows the determination of high-altitude plumes wherever AI data are available, and it provides a data set for validating global fire plume heights in chemistry transport models. We find that all plumes detected from June 2006 to February 2009 with an AI value ≥9 are located at altitudes higher than 5 km. Older high-altitude plumes have lower AI values than young plumes at similar altitudes. We have examined available AI data from the OMI and TOMS instruments (1978–2009) and find that large AI plumes occur more frequently over North America than over Australia or Russia/Northeast Asia. According to the derived relationship, during this time interval, 181 plumes, in various stages of their evolution, reached altitudes above 8 km.

scholarly journals A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified using aerosol index measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guan ◽  
R. Esswein ◽  
J. Lopez ◽  
R. Bergstrom ◽  
A. Warnock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aerosol Index

Abstract. We have quantified the relationship between Aerosol Index (AI) measurements and plume height for young biomass burning plumes using coincident OMI and CALIPSO measurements. This linear relationship allows the determination of high-altitude plumes wherever AI data are available, and it provides a data set for validating global fire plume injection heights in chemistry transport models. We find that all plumes detected from June 2006 to February 2009 with an AI value ≥9 are located at altitudes higher than 5 km. Older high-altitude plumes have lower AI values than young plumes at similar altitudes. We have examined available AI data from the OMI and TOMS instruments (1978–2009) and find that large AI plumes occur more frequently over North America than over Australia or Russia/Northeast Asia. According to the derived relationship, during this time interval, 181 plumes reached altitudes above 8 km. One hundred and thirty-two had injection heights ≥8 km but below 12 km, and 49 were lofted to 12 km or higher, including 14 plumes injected above 16 km.

scholarly journals Physical and Optical Properties of Aged Biomass Burning Aerosol from Wildfires in Siberia and the Western US at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Laing ◽  
Dan A. Jaffe ◽  
Jonathan R. Hee
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
North West

Abstract. The summer of 2015 was an extreme forest fire year in the Pacific North West. Our sample site at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO, 2.7 km a.s.l.) in central Oregon observed biomass burning events more than 50 % of the time during August. In this paper we characterize the aerosol physical and optical properties of 19 aged biomass burning (BB) events during August 2015. Six of the nineteen events were influenced by Siberian fires originating near Lake Baikal. The remainder of the events resulted from wildfires in Northern California and Southwestern Oregon with transport times to MBO ranging from 4.5–35 hours. Fine particulate matter (PM1), carbon monoxide (CO), aerosol light scattering (σscat) and absorption (σabs), and aerosol number size distributions were measured throughout the campaign. We found that the Siberian events had significantly higher Δσabs/ΔCO enhancement ratio, higher mass absorption efficiency (MAE; Δσabs/ΔPM1), lower single scattering albedo (ω), and lower Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) when compared with the regional events. We suspect the Siberian events observed represent a portion of the fire plume that has hotter flaming fire conditions that enabled strong pyro-convective lofting and long transport to MBO. These plumes would then have preferentially higher black carbon emissions and thus absorption enhancement. The lower AAE values in the Siberian events compared to regional events indicates a lack of brown carbon (BrC) production by the Siberian fires or a loss of BrC during transport. We found that mass scattering efficiencies (MSE) for the BB events to range from 2.50–4.76 m2 g−1. We measured aerosol size distributions with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Number size distributions ranged from unimodal to bimodal and had geometric mean diameters ranging from 138–229 nm and geometric standard deviations ranging from 1.53–1.89. We found MSE’s for BB events to be positively correlated with the geometric mean of the aerosol size distributions (R2 = 0.73), which agrees with Mie Theory. We did not find any dependence on event size distribution to transport time or fire source location.

scholarly journals Comparison of the chemical evolution and characteristics of 495 biomass burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS/CARB-2008 field campaign

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 18589-18631 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hecobian ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
C. J. Hennigan ◽  
L. G. Huey ◽  
J. L. Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Fire Plumes ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. This paper compares measurements of gaseous and particulate emissions from a wide range of biomass-burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the three phases of the ARCTAS-2008 experiment: ARCTAS-A, based out of Fairbanks, Alaska USA (3 April to 19 April 2008); ARCTAS-B based out of Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (29 June to 13 July 2008); and ARCTAS-CARB, based out of Palmdale, California, USA (18 June to 24 June 2008). Extensive investigations of boreal fire plume evolution were undertaken during ARCTAS-B, where four distinct fire plumes that were intercepted by the aircraft over a range of down-wind distances (0.1 to 16 hr transport times) were studied in detail. Based on these analyses, there was no evidence for ozone production and a box model simulation of the data confirmed that net ozone production was slow (on average 1 ppbv h−1 in the first 3 h and much lower afterwards) due to limited NOx. Peroxyacetyl nitrate concentrations (PAN) increased with plume age and the box model estimated an average production rate of ~80 pptv h−1 in the first 3 h. Like ozone, there was also no evidence for net secondary inorganic or organic aerosol formation. There was no apparent increase in aerosol mass concentrations in the boreal fire plumes due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation; however, there were indications of chemical processing of the organic aerosols. In addition to the detailed studies of boreal fire plume evolution, about 500 smoke plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft were segregated by fire source region. The normalized excess mixing ratios (i.e. ΔX/ΔCO) of gaseous (carbon dioxide, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, benzene, methane, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone, PAN) and fine aerosol particulate components (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, organic aerosols and water soluble organic carbon) of these plumes were compared.

scholarly journals Simulating the forest fire plume dispersion, chemistry, and aerosol formation using SAM-ASP version 1.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4579-4593
Author(s):  
Chantelle R. Lonsdale ◽  
Matthew J. Alvarado ◽  
Anna L. Hodshire ◽  
Emily Ramnarine ◽  
Jeffrey R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Plume Dispersion ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Biomass burning is a major source of trace gases and aerosols that can ultimately impact health, air quality, and climate. Global and regional-scale three-dimensional Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs) use estimates of the primary emissions from fires and can unphysically mix them across large-scale grid boxes, leading to incorrect estimates of the impact of biomass burning events. On the other hand, plume-scale process models allow for explicit simulation and examination of the chemical and physical transformations of trace gases and aerosols within biomass burning smoke plumes, and they may be used to develop parameterizations of this aging process for coarser grid-scale models. Here we describe the coupled SAM-ASP plume-scale process model, which consists of coupling the large-eddy simulation model, the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), with the detailed gas and aerosol chemistry model, the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP). We find that the SAM-ASP version 1.0 model is able to correctly simulate the dilution of CO in a California chaparral smoke plume, as well as the chemical loss of NOx, HONO, and NH3 within the plume, the formation of PAN and O3, the loss of OA, and the change in the size distribution of aerosols as compared to measurements and previous single-box model results. The newly coupled model is able to capture the cross-plume vertical and horizontal concentration gradients as the fire plume evolves downwind of the emission source. The integration and evaluation of SAM-ASP version 1.0 presented here will support the development of parameterizations of near-source biomass burning chemistry that can be used to more accurately simulate biomass burning chemical and physical transformations of trace gases and aerosols within coarser grid-scale CTMs.

scholarly journals Modeling Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Atmospheric Evolution and Chemical Aging

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
David Patoulias ◽  
Evangelos Kallitsis ◽  
Laura Posner ◽  
Spyros N. Pandis
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Base Case Scenario

The changes in the concentration and composition of biomass-burning organic aerosol (OA) downwind of a major wildfire are simulated using the one-dimensional Lagrangian chemical transport model PMCAMx-Trj. A base case scenario is developed based on realistic fire-plume conditions and a series of sensitivity tests are performed to quantify the effects of different conditions and processes. Temperature, oxidant concentration and dilution rate all affect the evolution of biomass burning OA after its emission. The most important process though is the multi-stage oxidation of both the originally emitted organic vapors (volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds) and those resulting from the evaporation of the OA as it is getting diluted. The emission rates of the intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) and their chemical fate have a large impact on the formed secondary OA within the plume. The assumption that these IVOCs undergo only functionalization leads to an overestimation of the produced SOA suggesting that fragmentation is also occurring. Assuming a fragmentation probability of 0.2 resulted in predictions that are more consistent with available observations. Dilution leads to OA evaporation and therefore reduction of the OA levels downwind of the fire. However, the evaporated material can return to the particulate phase later on after it gets oxidized and recondenses. The sensitivity of the OA levels and total mass balance on the dilution rate depends on the modeling assumptions. The high variability of OA mass enhancement observed in past field studies downwind of fires may be partially due to the variability of the dilution rates of the plumes.

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