Measurement of the Upper Tropospheric Density and Temperature Profiles in Hanoi Using a Raman Lidar

The molecular density and temperature profiles of the stratosphere in Hanoi are measured by a Rayleigh lidar. The profiles have the spatial resolution of 120 m and the temporal resolution of 1h. Their bottom height and top height are 20 km and 57 km, respectively. The atmospheric molecule density profile is directly derived from the correction-range lidar signal. The temperature profile is deduced from the molecular density profile based on the assumptions of the hydrostatic equilibrium and the ideal-gas law. Lidar measurements show good agreement with the molecular density and the temperature profiles from the MSISE-90 atmospheric model. Maximum errors of the density and temperature are found to be \(\pm 0.9\)\% and \(\pm 3.4\)~K, respectively.The position and the temperature of the stratopause in Hanoi are determined to be about 49 km and 270 K. Database of lidar in a long time might reveal the characteristic and the structure of the stratosphere in Hanoi, Vietnam.

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First-Year Operation of a New Water Vapor Raman Lidar at the JPL Table Mountain Facility, California

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/2007jtecha978.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1454-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Thierry Leblanc ◽

I. Stuart McDermid ◽

Robin A. Aspey

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Current System ◽

First Year ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Table Mountain ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

Better Than ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract A new water vapor Raman lidar was recently built at the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California and more than a year of routine 2-h-long nighttime measurements 4–5 times per week have been completed. The lidar was designed to reach accuracies better than 5% anywhere up to 12-km altitude, and with the capability to measure water vapor mixing ratios as low as 1 to 10 ppmv near the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere. The current system is not yet fully optimized but has already shown promising results as water vapor profiles have been retrieved up to 18-km altitude. Comparisons with Vaisala RS92K radiosondes exhibit very good agreement up to at least 10 km. They also revealed a wet bias in the lidar profiles (or a dry bias in the radiosonde profiles), increasing with altitude and becoming significant near 10 km and large when approaching the tropopause. This bias cannot be explained solely by well-known too-dry measurements of the RS92K in the upper troposphere and therefore must partly originate in the lidar measurements. Excess signal due to residual fluorescence in the lidar receiver components is among the most likely candidates and is subject to ongoing investigation.

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Ground-based water vapor raman lidar measurements up to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for long-term monitoring

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-5-17-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

T. Leblanc ◽

I. S. McDermid ◽

T. D. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Lower Stratosphere ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Atmospheric Composition ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

Development Data ◽

Instrumental Development

Abstract. Recognizing the importance of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and the scarcity of high-quality, long-term measurements, JPL began the development of a powerful Raman lidar in 2005 to try to meet these needs. This development was endorsed by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the validation program for the EOS-Aura satellite. In this paper we review the stages in the instrumental development, data acquisition and analysis, profile retrieval and calibration procedures of the lidar, as well as selected results from three validation campaigns: MOHAVE (Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments), MOHAVE-II, and MOHAVE 2009. In particular, one critical result from this latest campaign is the very good agreement (well below the reported uncertainties) observed between the lidar and the Cryogenic Frost-Point Hygrometer in the entire lidar range 3–20 km, with a mean bias not exceeding 2% (lidar dry) in the lower troposphere, and 3% (lidar moist) in the UTLS. Ultimately the lidar has demonstrated capability to measure water vapor profiles from ∼1 km above the ground to the lower stratosphere with a precision of 10% or better near 13 km and below, and an estimated accuracy of 5%. Since 2005, nearly 1000 profiles have been routinely measured, and since 2009, the profiles have typically reached 14 km for one-hour integration times and 1.5 km vertical resolution, and can reach 21 km for 6-h integration times using degraded vertical resolutions. These performance figures show that, with our present target of routinely running our lidar two hours per night, 4 nights per week, we can achieve measurements with a precision in the UTLS equivalent to that achieved if launching one CFH per month.

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Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based and space-borne measurements

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-7-12463-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 12463-12539 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. J. Sica ◽

M. R. M. Izawa ◽

K. A. Walker ◽

C. Boone ◽

S. V. Petelina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

High Bias ◽

Retrieval Software ◽

Chemistry Experiment ◽

Better Than

Abstract. An ensemble of space-borne and ground-based instruments has been used to evaluate the quality of the version 2.2 temperature retrievals from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The agreement of ACE-FTS temperatures with other sensors is typically better than 2 K in the stratosphere and upper troposphere and 5 K in the lower mesosphere. There is evidence of a systematic high bias (roughly 3–6 K) in the ACE-FTS temperatures in the mesosphere, and a possible systematic low bias (roughly 2 K) in ACE-FTS temperatures near 23 km. Some ACE-FTS temperature profiles exhibit unphysical oscillations, a problem fixed in preliminary comparisons with temperatures derived using the next version of the ACE-FTS retrieval software. Though these relatively large oscillations in temperature can be on the order of 10 K in the mesosphere, retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles typically vary by less than a percent or so. Statistical comparisons suggest these oscillations occur in about 10% of the retrieved profiles. Analysis from a set of coincident lidar measurements suggests that the random error in ACE-FTS version 2.2 temperatures has a lower limit of about ±2 K.

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Rayleigh lidar observation of tropical mesospheric inversion layer: a comparison between dynamics and chemistry

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201817603003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 03003

Author(s):

K. Ramesh ◽

S. Sridharan ◽

K. Raghunath

Keyword(s):

Inversion Layer ◽

Green Laser ◽

Ideal Gas ◽

Vital Role ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Vertical Temperature ◽

Atmospheric Research ◽

Ideal Gas Law ◽

Rayleigh Lidar ◽

532 Nm

The Rayleigh lidar at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), India operates at 532 nm green laser with ~600 mJ/pulse since 2007. The vertical temperature profiles are derived above ~30 km by assuming the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium and obeys ideal gas law. A large mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) is observed at ~77.4-84.6 km on the night of 22 March 2007 over Gadanki. Although dynamics and chemistry play vital role, both the mechanisms are compared for the occurrence of the MIL in the present study.

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Polar middle atmosphere temperature climatology from Rayleigh lidar measurements at ALOMAR (69° N)

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-26-1681-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1681-1698 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Schöch ◽

G. Baumgarten ◽

J. Fiedler

Keyword(s):

Middle Atmosphere ◽

Lidar Data ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

Data Set ◽

Unique Data ◽

Falling Sphere ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

Atmosphere Temperature ◽

Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. Rayleigh lidar temperature profiles have been derived in the polar middle atmosphere from 834 measurements with the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar (69.3° N, 16.0° E) in the years 1997–2005. Since our instrument is able to operate under full daylight conditions, the unique data set presented here extends over the entire year and covers the altitude region 30 km–85 km in winter and 30 km–65 km in summer. Comparisons of our lidar data set to reference atmospheres and ECMWF analyses show agreement within a few Kelvin in summer but in winter higher temperatures below 55 km and lower temperatures above by as much as 25 K, due likely to superior resolution of stratospheric warming and associated mesospheric cooling events. We also present a temperature climatology for the entire lower and middle atmosphere at 69° N obtained from a combination of lidar measurements, falling sphere measurements and ECMWF analyses. Day to day temperature variability in the lidar data is found to be largest in winter and smallest in summer.

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Ground-based water vapor Raman lidar measurements up to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere – Part 1: Instrument development, optimization, and validation

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-4-5079-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 5079-5109 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I. S. McDermid ◽

T. Leblanc ◽

T. D. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Lower Stratosphere ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Atmospheric Composition ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

Instrumental Development ◽

Validation Experiments

Abstract. Recognizing the importance of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) and the scarcity of high-quality, long-term measurements, JPL began the development of a powerful Raman lidar in 2005 to try to meet these needs. This development was endorsed by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the validation program for the EOS-Aura satellite. In this paper we review the stages in the instrumental development of the lidar and the conclusions from three validation campaigns: MOHAVE, MOHAVE-II, and MOHAVE 2009 (Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments). The data analysis, profile retrieval and calibration procedures, as well as additional results from MOHAVE-2009 are presented in detail in a companion paper (Leblanc et al., 2011a). Ultimately the lidar has demonstrated capability to measure water vapor profiles from ~1 km above the ground to the lower stratosphere, reaching 14 km for 1-h integrated profiles and 21 km for 6-h integrated profiles, with a precision of 10 % or better near 13 km and below, and an estimated accuracy of 5 %.

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Fluorescence lidar observations of wildfire smoke inside cirrus: A contribution to smoke-cirrus – interaction research

10.5194/acp-2021-1017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Veselovskii ◽

Qiaoyun Hu ◽

Albert Ansmann ◽

Philippe Goloub ◽

Thierry Podvin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Ice Crystal ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Wildfire Smoke ◽

Microphysical Properties ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

Lidar Observations ◽

Interaction Research ◽

Area And Volume

Abstract. A remote sensing method, based on fluorescence lidar measurements, that allows to detect and to quantify the smoke content in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is presented. The unique point of this approach is that, smoke and cirrus properties are observed in the same air volume simultaneously. In the article, we provide results of fluorescence and multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar measurements performed at ATOLL observatory from Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, University of Lille, during strong smoke episodes in the summer and autumn seasons of 2020. The aerosol fluorescence was induced by 355 nm laser radiation and the fluorescence backscattering was measured in a single spectral channel, centered at 466 nm of 44 nm width. To estimate smoke properties, such as number, surface area and volume concentration, the conversion factors, which link the fluorescence backscattering and the smoke microphysical properties, are derived from the synergy of multiwavelength Mie-Raman and fluorescence lidar observations. Based on two case studies, we demonstrate that the fluorescence lidar technique provides possibility to estimate the smoke surface area concentration within freshly formed cirrus layers. This value was used in smoke INP parameterization scheme to predict ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus generation cells.

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Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based and space-borne measurements

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-8-35-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 35-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

R. J. Sica ◽

M. R. M. Izawa ◽

K. A. Walker ◽

C. Boone ◽

S. V. Petelina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

High Bias ◽

Retrieval Software ◽

Chemistry Experiment ◽

Better Than

Abstract. An ensemble of space-borne and ground-based instruments has been used to evaluate the quality of the version 2.2 temperature retrievals from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The agreement of ACE-FTS temperatures with other sensors is typically better than 2 K in the stratosphere and upper troposphere and 5 K in the lower mesosphere. There is evidence of a systematic high bias (roughly 3–6 K) in the ACE-FTS temperatures in the mesosphere, and a possible systematic low bias (roughly 2 K) in ACE-FTS temperatures near 23 km. Some ACE-FTS temperature profiles exhibit unphysical oscillations, a problem fixed in preliminary comparisons with temperatures derived using the next version of the ACE-FTS retrieval software. Though these relatively large oscillations in temperature can be on the order of 10 K in the mesosphere, retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles typically vary by less than a percent or so. Statistical comparisons suggest these oscillations occur in about 10% of the retrieved profiles. Analysis from a set of coincident lidar measurements suggests that the random error in ACE-FTS version 2.2 temperatures has a lower limit of about ±2 K.

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Lidar observations of Nabro volcano aerosol layers in the stratosphere over Gwangju, Korea

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-15-1171-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1171-1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. Shin ◽

D. Müller ◽

K. Lee ◽

S. Shin ◽

Y. J. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Stratosphere ◽

Stratospheric Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Layer ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

Backscatter Coefficient ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Lidar Measurements ◽

Volcanic Aerosols ◽

Lidar Observations ◽

532 Nm

Abstract. We report on the first Raman lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol layers in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Korea. The data were taken with the multiwavelength aerosol Raman lidar at Gwangju (35.10° N, 126.53° E), Korea. The volcanic ash particles and gases were released around 12 June 2011 during the eruption of the Nabro volcano (13.37° N, 41.7° E) in Eritrea, east Africa. Forward trajectory computations show that the volcanic aerosols were advected from North Africa to East Asia. The first observation of the stratospheric aerosol layers over Korea was on 19 June 2011. The stratospheric aerosol layers appeared between 15 and 17 km height a.s.l. The aerosol layers' maximum value of the backscatter coefficient and the linear particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm were 1.5 ± 0.3 Mm−1 sr−1 and 2.2%, respectively. We found these values at 16.4 km height a.s.l. 44 days after this first observation, we observed the stratospheric aerosol layer again. We continuously probed the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for this aerosol layer during the following 5 months, until December 2011. The aerosol layers typically occurred between 10 and 20 km height a.s.l. The stratospheric aerosol optical depth and the maximum backscatter coefficient at 532 nm decreased during these 5 months.

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