scholarly journals Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 5831-5852 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hassler ◽  
M. D. Corre ◽  
A. Tjoa ◽  
M. Damris ◽  
S. R. Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Atmosphere ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
Tropical Landscape

Abstract. Expansion of palm oil and rubber production, for which global demand is increasing, causes rapid deforestation in Sumatra, Indonesia, and is expected to continue in the next decades. Our study aimed to (1) quantify changes in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes with land-use change and (2) determine their controlling factors. In Jambi Province, Sumatra, we selected two landscapes on heavily weathered soils that differ mainly in texture: loam and clay Acrisol soils. In each landscape, we investigated the reference land-use types (forest and secondary forest with regenerating rubber) and the converted land-use types (rubber, 7–17 years old, and oil palm plantations, 9–16 years old). We measured soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes monthly from December 2012 to December 2013. Annual soil CO2 fluxes from the reference land-use types were correlated with soil fertility: low extractable phosphorus (P) coincided with high annual CO2 fluxes from the loam Acrisol soil that had lower fertility than the clay Acrisol soil (P < 0.05). Soil CO2 fluxes from the oil palm (107.2 to 115.7 mg C m−2 h−1) decreased compared to the other land-use types (between 178.7 and 195.9 mg C m−2 h−1; P < 0.01). Across land-use types, annual CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil organic carbon (C) and negatively correlated with 15N signatures, extractable P and base saturation. This suggests that the reduced soil CO2 fluxes from oil palm were the result of strongly decomposed soil organic matter and reduced soil C stocks due to reduced litter input as well as being due to a possible reduction in C allocation to roots due to improved soil fertility from liming and P fertilization in these plantations. Soil CH4 uptake in the reference land-use types was negatively correlated with net nitrogen (N) mineralization and soil mineral N, suggesting N limitation of CH4 uptake, and positively correlated with exchangeable aluminum (Al), indicating a decrease in methanotrophic activity at high Al saturation. Reduction in soil CH4 uptake in the converted land-use types (ranging from −3.0 to −14.9 μg C m−2 h−1) compared to the reference land-use types (ranging from −20.8 to −40.3 μg C m−2 h−1; P < 0.01) was due to a decrease in soil N availability in the converted land-use types. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control the soil–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape, a mechanism that we were able to detect by conducting this study on the landscape scale.

scholarly journals Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 9163-9207 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hassler ◽  
M. D. Corre ◽  
A. Tjoa ◽  
M. Damris ◽  
S. R. Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Atmosphere ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
Tropical Landscape

Abstract. Expansion of palm oil and rubber production, for which global demand is increasing, causes rapid deforestation in Sumatra, Indonesia and is expected to continue in the next decades. Our study aimed to (1) quantify changes in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes with land-use change, and (2) determine their controlling factors. In Jambi Province, Sumatra, we selected two landscapes on heavily weathered soils that differ mainly in texture: loam and clay Acrisol soils. At each landscape, we investigated the reference land uses: forest and secondary forest with regenerating rubber, and the converted land uses: rubber (7–17 years old) and oil palm plantations (9–16 years old). We measured soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes monthly from December 2012 to December 2013. Annual soil CO2 fluxes from the reference land uses were correlated with soil fertility: low extractable phosphorus (P) coincided with high annual CO2 fluxes from the loam Acrisol soil that had lower fertility than the clay Acrisol soil (P < 0.05). Soil CO2 fluxes from the oil palm decreased compared to the other land uses (P < 0.01). Across land uses, annual CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil organic carbon (C) and negatively correlated with 15N signatures, extractable P and base saturation. This suggests that the reduced soil CO2 fluxes from oil palm was a result of strongly decomposed soil organic matter due to reduced litter input, and possible reduction in C allocation to roots due to improved soil fertility from liming and P fertilization in these plantations. Soil CH4 uptake in the reference land uses was negatively correlated with net nitrogen (N) mineralization and soil mineral N, suggesting N limitation of CH4 uptake, and positively correlated with exchangeable aluminum (Al), indicating decrease in methanotrophic activity at high Al saturation. Reduction in soil CH4 uptake in the converted land uses compared to the reference land uses (P < 0.01) was due to decrease in soil N availability in the converted land uses. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control soil–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape, a mechanism that we were able to detect by conducting this study at the landscape scale.

scholarly journals No long-term effect of land-use activities on soil carbon dynamics in tropical montane grasslands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Oliver ◽  
Imma Oliveras ◽  
Jose Kala ◽  
Rebecca Lever ◽  
Yit Arn Teh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Montane Grasslands

Abstract. Montane tropical soils are a large carbon (C) reservoir, acting as both a source and a sink of CO2. Enhanced CO2 emissions originate, in large part, from the decomposition and losses of soil organic matter (SOM) following anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, quantitative knowledge of the stabilization and decomposition of SOM is necessary in order to understand, assess and predict the impact of land management in the tropics. In particular, labile SOM is an early and sensitive indicator of how SOM responds to changes in land use and management practices, which could have major implications for long term carbon storage and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of grazing and fire history on soil C dynamics in the Peruvian montane grasslands; an understudied ecosystem, which covers approximately a quarter of the land area in Peru. A combination of density and particle-size fractionation was used to quantify the labile and stable organic matter pools, along with soil CO2 flux and decomposition measurements. Grazing and burning together significantly increased soil CO2 fluxes and decomposition rates and reduced temperature as a driver. Although there was no significant effect of land use on total soil C stocks, the combination of burning and grazing decreased the proportion of C in the free LF, especially at the lower depths (10–20 and 20–30 cm). The free LF in the control soils made 20 % of the bulk soil mass and 30 % of the soil C content compared to the burnt-grazed soils, which had the smallest recovery of free LF (10 %) and significantly lower C content (14 %). The burnt soils had a much higher proportion of C in the occluded LF (12 %) compared to the non-burnt soils (7 %) and there was no significant difference among the treatments in the heavy F (~ 70 %). The synergistic effect of burning and grazing caused changes to the soil C dynamics. CO2 fluxes were increased and the dominant temperature driver was obscured by some other process, such as changes in plant C and N allocation promoting autotrophic respiration. In addition, the free LF was negatively affected when these two anthropogenic activities took place on the same site. Most likely a result of reduced detritus being incorporated into the soil. A positive finding from this study is that the total soil C stocks were not significantly affected and the long term C storage in the occluded LF and heavy F were not negatively impacted. Possibly this is because of low intensity fire, fire-resilient grasses and the grazing pressure is below the threshold to cause severe degradation.

scholarly journals The effects of burning and grazing on soil carbon dynamics in managed Peruvian tropical montane grasslands

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5633-5646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Oliver ◽  
Imma Oliveras ◽  
Jose Kala ◽  
Rebecca Lever ◽  
Yit Arn Teh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Montane Grasslands

Abstract. Montane tropical soils are a large carbon (C) reservoir, acting as both a source and a sink of CO2. Enhanced CO2 emissions originate, in large part, from the decomposition and losses of soil organic matter (SOM) following anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, quantitative knowledge of the stabilization and decomposition of SOM is necessary in order to understand, assess and predict the impact of land management in the tropics. In particular, labile SOM is an early and sensitive indicator of how SOM responds to changes in land use and management practices, which could have major implications for long-term carbon storage and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of grazing and fire history on soil C dynamics in the Peruvian montane grasslands, an understudied ecosystem, which covers approximately a quarter of the land area in Peru. A density fractionation method was used to quantify the labile and stable organic matter pools, along with soil CO2 flux and decomposition measurements. Grazing and burning together significantly increased soil CO2 fluxes and decomposition rates and reduced temperature as a driver. Although there was no significant effect of land use on total soil C stocks, the combination of burning and grazing decreased the proportion of C in the free light fraction (LF), especially at the lower depths (10–20 and 20–30 cm). In the control soils, 20 % of the material recovered was in the free LF, which contained 30 % of the soil C content. In comparison, the burnt–grazed soil had the smallest recovery of the free LF (10 %) and a significantly lower C content (14 %). The burnt soils had a much higher proportion of C in the occluded LF (12 %) compared to the not-burnt soils (7 %) and there was no significant difference among the treatments in the heavy fraction (F) ( ∼  70 %). The synergistic effect of burning and grazing caused changes to the soil C dynamics. CO2 fluxes were increased and the dominant temperature driver was obscured by some other process, such as changes in plant C and N allocation. In addition, the free LF was reduced when these two anthropogenic activities took place on the same site – most likely a result of reduced detritus being incorporated into the soil. A positive finding from this study is that the total soil C stocks were not significantly affected and the long-term (+10 years) C storage in the occluded LF and heavy F were not negatively impacted. Possibly this is because of low-intensity fire, fire-resilient grasses and because the grazing pressure is below the threshold necessary to cause severe degradation.

scholarly journals Assessment of fertility status of soils under land use types in Egbema Area, Imo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
C. Chikere-Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Land Use System

The study was conducted to investigate fertility status under four different land use types (oil palm plantation, pineapple orchard, cassava cultivated land and fallow land use system) in Umuekem, Ohaji/Egbema of Imo State, Nigeria. Composite samples were collected from various depths (10-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-45cm) across these land use patterns and analyzed in the laboratory using the standard procedure. Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis. Results obtained showed significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in silt-clay ratio, bulk density, total porosity, water holding capacity, soil pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, TN and ECEC across the four land use types studied. The soils were predominantly loamy sand surface and sandy clay loam in the subsoil exception of pineapple orchard with sandy loam topsoil over sandy clay loam subsoil. The silt clay ratio (SCR) showed ranges of 0.10-0.30, 0.10-0.36, 0.07 – 0.30, and 0.06- 0.20 in land use types of oil palm plantation, pineapple orchard, cassava cultivated land and fallow land respectively. The bulk density ranged of (1.61 – 1.77 g/cm3) for oil palm, (1.34 – 1.58 g/cm3) for pineapple (1.42 – 1.49 g/cm3) cassava and (1.45 – 1.48 g/cm3) in forest land use system. The soils of the four land use types were generally acidic. The mean values of soil pH (H20) were oil palm plantation (5.11), pineapple orchard (5.03), cassava cultivated land (5.35) and fallow land (5.40). The soil pH recorded low variation in all the land use types. The organic carbon and total nitrogen recorded high variation (>52.57% < 85.67%, >79.19 < 95.77) in all the different land use types. Calcium-magnesium ratio (Ca: Mg) recorded high variation (37.36%) in forest land use system, low variation (18.77%) in pineapple orchard and moderate in cassava (27.51%) and oil palm plantation (28.23). The low Ca: Mg ratio inhibits uptake and causes Ca deficiency thereby resulting in low fertility status of the soil. C: P recorded high variation (≥ 53.77% ≤ 77.73%) in all the studied land use types. O.C correlated positively and highly significant with available phosphorus, ECEC and T.N. The findings also indicated that bulk density correlated positively with ECEC and percentage base saturation. It is recommended that land use approach should be adopted for effective and sustainable management of the soil fertility. Keywords: Fertility status, Soils, Land use types

Soil CO2 fluxes in cereal land use of the Spanish plateau: influence of conventional and reduced tillage practices

Chemosphere ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L Sánchez ◽  
M.I Ozores ◽  
R Colle ◽  
M.J López ◽  
B De Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Tillage Practices

scholarly journals Tipe penggunaan lahan memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal ◽  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Anik Larasati ◽  
Adha Sari ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
National Park ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Insect Sampling

<p>Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders in the world, one of which is its role as a natural enemy (parasitoids, predators). Land conversion can affect the diversity and composition of the parasitoid Hymenoptera and its ecological role. This study aims to examine the effect of land use types on the diversity and composition of hymenopterans parasitoid in Jambi. The study was conducted on various types of land use in the Harapan Forest landscape and Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD), Jambi Province including forests, rubber forests, oil palm plantations, and rubber plantations. Insect sampling was conducted from March to September 2013, using fogging techniques. A total of 14,258 hymenopteran parasitoid individuals consisting of 30 families were obtained from all study sites. Encyrtidae, Braconidae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Ceraphronidae, and Platigasteridae families are found in high abundance. Oil palm land use types are found to have different parasitoid compositions compared to other land use types, while forest and rubber forest land use types have high species composition. The results of this study indicate that the type of land use affects the diversity and composition of hymenopteran parasitoid species.</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics of Tropical Drained Peatlands and CO2 Emission under Several Land Use Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
I Gusti Putu Wigena ◽  
. Husnain ◽  
Erni Susanti ◽  
Fahmuddin Agus
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Study Sites

Converting of tropical rain forest into plantation and agriculture land uses has been claimed as a main factor that affects to global warming and climate change. In order to provide a comprehensive information of the issue, a field observation on  peat properties in relation to CO2 emission under several land use types had been done  at Lubuk Ogong Village, Pelalawan District, Riau Province from May 2011-April 2012. Five land use types, namely A. mangium, bare land, oil palm, rubber, and secondary forest have been selected in the study site. Observations were made for chemical and physical properties, above and below ground C-stock and CO2 emissions. The results showed a higher variation of peat depth and a below ground C-stock was almost linearly with a peat depth. Below ground C-stock for each land use was around 2848.55 Mg ha-1, 2657.08 Mg ha-1 5949.85 Mg ha-1,  3374.69 Mg ha-1, 4104.87 Mg ha-1 for secondary forest, rubber, oil palm, bare land, and A. mangium, respectively. The highest above ground C-stock observed on a secondary forest was 131.5 Mg ha-1, followed by the four years A. mangium 48.4 Mg ha-1, the 1-2 years A. mangium 36.6 Mg ha-1, and the 4 years A. mangium 34.4 Mg ha-1. While, CO2 emissions in the study sites were 66.58±21.77 Mg ha-1yr-1, 66.17±25.54 Mg ha-1yr-1, 64.50±31.49 Mg ha-1yr-1, 59.55±18.30 Mg ha-1yr-1, 53.65±16.91 Mg ha-1yr-1 for bareland, oil palm, secondary forest, A. mangium, and rubber, respectively. [How to Cite: IG Putu Wigena, Husnain, E Susanti, and F Agus. 2015. Characteristics of Tropical Drained Peatlands and CO2 Emission under Several Land Use Types. J Trop Soils 19: 47-57. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.47][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.47] 

scholarly journals Land use change and the impact on greenhouse gas exchange in north Australian savanna soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 9087-9123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. P. Grover ◽  
S. J. Livesley ◽  
L. B. Hutley ◽  
H. Jamali ◽  
B. Fest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Abstract. Savanna ecosystems are subject to accelerating land use change as human demand for food and forest products increases. Land use change has been shown to both increase and decrease greenhouse gas fluxes from savannas and considerable uncertainty exists about the non-CO2 fluxes from the soil. We measured methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) over a complete wet-dry seasonal cycle at three replicated sites of each of three land uses: savanna, young pasture and old pasture (converted from savanna 5–7 and 25–30 yr ago, respectively) in the Douglas Daly region of northern Australia. The effect of break of season rains at the end of the dry season was investigated with two irrigation experiments. Land use change from savanna to pasture increased net greenhouse gas fluxes from the soil. Pasture sites were a weaker sink for CH4 than savanna sites and, under wet conditions, old pastures turned from being sinks to a significant source of CH4. Nitrous oxide emissions were generally very low, in the range of 0 to 5 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1, and under dry conditions soil uptake of N2O was apparent. Break of season rains produced a small, short lived pulse of N2O up to 20 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1, most evident in pasture soil. Annual cumulative soil CO2 fluxes increased after clearing, with savanna (14.6 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) having the lowest fluxes compared to old pasture (18.5 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) and young pasture (20.0 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1). Clearing savanna increased soil-based greenhouse gas emissions from 53 to ~70 t CO2-equivalents, a 30% increase dominated by an increase in soil CO2 emissions and shift from soil CH4 sink to source. Seasonal variation was clearly driven by soil water content, supporting the emerging view that soil water content is a more important driver of soil gas fluxes than soil temperature in tropical ecosystems where temperature varies little among seasons.

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