scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6429-6441 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. van der Heijden ◽  
N. A. Kamenos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
Potential Carbon

Abstract. The ongoing increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is changing the global marine environment and is causing warming and acidification of the oceans. Reduction of CO2 to a sustainable level is required to avoid further marine change. Many studies investigate the potential of marine carbon sinks (e.g. seagrass) to mitigate anthropogenic emissions, however, information on storage by coralline algae and the beds they create is scant. Calcifying photosynthetic organisms, including coralline algae, can act as a CO2 sink via photosynthesis and CaCO3 dissolution and act as a CO2 source during respiration and CaCO3 production on short-term timescales. Long-term carbon storage potential might come from the accumulation of coralline algae deposits over geological timescales. Here, the carbon storage potential of coralline algae is assessed using meta-analysis of their global organic and inorganic carbon production and the processes involved in this metabolism. Net organic and inorganic production were estimated at 330 g C m−2 yr−1 and 900 g CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 respectively giving global organic/inorganic C production of 0.7/1.8 × 109 t C yr−1. Calcium carbonate production by free-living/crustose coralline algae (CCA) corresponded to a sediment accretion of 70/450 mm kyr−1. Using this potential carbon storage for coralline algae, the global production of free-living algae/CCA was 0.4/1.2 × 109 t C yr−1 suggesting a total potential carbon sink of 1.6 × 109 tonnes per year. Coralline algae therefore have production rates similar to mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses representing an as yet unquantified but significant carbon store, however, further empirical investigations are needed to determine the dynamics and stability of that store.

scholarly journals Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to carbon burial

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 7845-7877 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. van der Heijden ◽  
N. A. Kamenos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
Potential Carbon

Abstract. The ongoing increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is changing the global marine environment and is causing warming and acidification of the oceans. Reduction of CO2 to a sustainable level is required to avoid further marine change. Many studies investigate the potential of marine carbon sinks (e.g. seagrass) to mitigate anthropogenic emissions, however, information on storage by coralline algae and the beds they create is scant. Calcifying photosynthetic organisms, including coralline algae, can act as a CO2 sink via photosynthesis and CaCO3 dissolution and act as a CO2 source during respiration and CaCO3 production on short-term time scales. Long-term carbon storage potential might come from the accumulation of coralline algae deposits over geological time scales. Here, the carbon storage potential of coralline algae is assessed using meta-analysis of their global organic and inorganic carbon production and the processes involved in this metabolism. Organic and inorganic production were estimated at 330 g C m−2 yr−1 and 880 g CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 respectively giving global organic/inorganic C production of 0.7/1.8 × 109 t C yr−1. Calcium carbonate production by free-living/crustose coralline algae (CCA) corresponded to a sediment accretion of 70/450 mm kyr−1. Using this potential carbon storage by coralline algae, the global production of free-living algae/CCA was 0.4/1.2 × 109 t C yr−1 suggesting a total potential carbon sink of 1.6 × 109 t C yr−1. Coralline algae therefore have production rates similar to mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses representing an as yet unquantified but significant carbon store, however, further empirical investigations are needed to determine the dynamics and stability of that store.

Spatial and temporal trends in carbon storage of peatlands of continental western Canada through the Holocene

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H Vitt ◽  
Linda A Halsey ◽  
Ilka E Bauer ◽  
Celina Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

Peatlands of continental western Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) cover 365 157 km2 and store 48.0 Pg of carbon representing 2.1% of the world's terrestrial carbon within 0.25% of the global landbase. Only a small amount, 0.10 Pg (0.2%) of this carbon, is currently stored in the above-ground biomass. Carbon storage in peatlands has changed significantly since deglaciation. Peatlands began to accumulate carbon around 9000 years ago in this region, after an initial deglacial lag. Carbon accumulation was climatically limited throughout much of continental western Canada by early Holocene maximum insolation. After 6000 BP, carbon accumulation increased significantly, with about half of current stores being reached by 4000 BP. Around 3000 BP carbon accumulation in continental western Canada began to slow as permafrost developed throughout the subarctic and boreal region and the current southern limit of peatlands was reached. Peatlands in continental western Canada continue to increase their total carbon storage today by 19.4 g m-2 year-1, indicating that regionally this ecosystem remains a large carbon sink.

scholarly journals Rethinking global carbon storage potential of trees. A comment on Bastin et al. 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Taylor ◽  
Sergio Marconi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Global Datasets ◽  
Potential Carbon

AbstractKey MessageBastin et al. 2019 used flawed assumptions in calculating the carbon storage of restored forests worldwide, resulting in a gross overestimate.ContextBastin et al. 2019 use two flawed assumptions: 1) that the area suitable for restoration does not contain any carbon currently, and 2) that soil organic carbon (SOC) from increased canopy cover will accumulate quickly enough to mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions.AimsWe re-evaluated the potential carbon storage worldwide using empirical relationships of tree cover and carbon.Methods and ResultsWe use global datasets of tree cover, soil organic carbon, and above ground biomass to estimate the empirical relationships of tree cover and carbon stock storage. A more realistic range of global carbon storage potential is between 71.7 and 75.7 GtC globally, with a large uncertainty associated with SOC. This is less than half of the original 205 GtC estimate.ConclusionThe potential global carbon storage of restored forests is much less than that estimated by Bastin et al. 2019. While we agree on the value of assessing global reforestation potential, we suggest caution in considering it the most effective strategy to mitigate anthropogenic emissions.

Growth and carbonate production of crustose coralline algae on a degraded turbid reef system

2021 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 113135
Author(s):  
Tiffany Z.Y. Goh ◽  
Andrew G. Bauman ◽  
Fraser A. Januchowski-Hartley ◽  
Kyle M. Morgan ◽  
Jovena C.L. Seah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Reef System

scholarly journals Calcification in free-living coralline algae is strongly influenced by morphology: Implications for susceptibility to ocean acidification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Schubert ◽  
Laurie C. Hofmann ◽  
Antonella C. Almeida Saá ◽  
Anderson Camargo Moreira ◽  
Rafael Güntzel Arenhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
General View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractRhodolith beds built by free-living coralline algae are important ecosystems for marine biodiversity and carbonate production. Yet, our mechanistic understanding regarding rhodolith physiology and its drivers is still limited. Using three rhodolith species with different branching morphologies, we investigated the role of morphology in species’ physiology and the implications for their susceptibility to ocean acidification (OA). For this, we determined the effects of thallus topography on diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness, the associated microscale oxygen and pH dynamics and their relationship with species’ metabolic and light and dark calcification rates, as well as species’ responses to short-term OA exposure. Our results show that rhodolith branching creates low-flow microenvironments that exhibit increasing DBL thickness with increasing branch length. This, together with species’ metabolic rates, determined the light-dependent pH dynamics at the algal surface, which in turn dictated species’ calcification rates. While these differences did not translate in species-specific responses to short-term OA exposure, the differences in the magnitude of diurnal pH fluctuations (~ 0.1–1.2 pH units) between species suggest potential differences in phenotypic plasticity to OA that may result in different susceptibilities to long-term OA exposure, supporting the general view that species’ ecomechanical characteristics must be considered for predicting OA responses.

scholarly journals Assessment of carbon storage potential of forested wetland soils as affected by urbanization degree in two different physiographic provinces of Virginia, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Ledford ◽  
Stephanie Schmidt ◽  
Changwoo Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Urban Wetlands ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Storage Potential

Abstract This study assessed carbon storage potential in terms of total carbon (TC) and total carbon stocks (TC stocks) in soils of four forested wetlands in Northern Virginia along with associated soil physicochemistry [e.g., soil pH, bulk density (Db), and gravimetric soil moisture (GSM)]. The study sites were selected across two vastly different degrees of urbanization (urban [U]; non-urban [N]) and the two main physiographic provinces of the region (Piedmont; Coastal Plain). Soils were sampled and analyzed at three depth intervals (0-10cm; 10-20cm; 20-30cm). No significant differences were found in TC (3.07 ± 0.31% [U]; 3.82 ± 0.40%; [N]) or TC stocks (2.81 ± 0.35 kg∙m− 2 [U]; 3.58 ± 0.28 kg∙m− 2 [N]) between urbanization degrees (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in TC stocks by physiographic province (p > 0.05), however, Coastal Plain wetland soils had higher TC than the Piedmont wetlands (4.32 ± 0.41%; 2.57 ± 0.22%, p < 0.05). Db and GSM were significantly different along urbanization degree and physiography, and were highly correlated to TC, being able to estimate the total variability of TC to a significant degree (R2 = 0.39 and R2 = 0.47, all p < 0.05). The outcome shows that urban wetlands fairly mirror the carbon storage potential of non-urban wetlands and more likely so in the Coastal Plain than in the Piedmont, especially in their top 10 cm of soils. Further studies may be warranted across an urbanizing landscape to elucidate carbon storage potentials of urban wetlands that can combat urban carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Carbon stock potential on various land covers in heath forest in Liang Anggang, South Kalimantan

Jurnal Galam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Qirom ◽  
◽  
Tri Ani Mindawati ◽  
Kissinger Kissinger ◽  
Abdhi Fithria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
Heath Forest

Heath forest serves as a large carbon and water storage. This study aims to obtain information on carbon storage potential of each carbon component in heat forest in Liang Anggang Protection Forest. Data collection was carried out on six types of land cover, namely: agricultural land, barren land/settlement, scrub, peat soil, and forest. The carbon components were measured such as trees, undergrowth, litter, necromass, and soil. Measurement plots were established with size of 40 x 100 m for trees and necromasses > 30 cm in size, and sub-plots measuring 5 x 40 m for trees with a diameter of 5–30 cm as many as 5 plots for each type of land cover. The understorey and litter components used a plot with size of 0.5 x 0.5 m. In tree pools, carbon stock was determined by indirect measured with alometric model, while the other was used by direct measurenment. The results showed that carbon in the soil contributed the largest potential carbon storage (> 95%) of the total carbon storage in all land cover types. The pattern of the proportion of carbon storage in this forest type was similar to the peat swamp forest type. On heat forest, carbon stock potential on scrub was 318.8 Mg/Ha and the potential of heat forest type was the lowest (256.8 Mg/Ha ). In total, the average carbon storage potential was 285.01 ± 48.78 Mg/Ha. The carbon storage at this location reached 2.99 x 105 tons of carbon, or equivalent to carbon absorption of 1,10 X 106 CO2 e ton CO2e. The large amount of carbon storage in heath forest in the study area has the potential to support diversification and optimization of land use through a carbon trading scheme. Key words: trade, agriculture, proportion, scheme, soil

scholarly journals Insights into species diversity of associated crustose coralline algae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) with Atlantic European maerl beds using DNA barcoding

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pardo ◽  
Ignacio Bárbara ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro ◽  
Viviana Peña
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Maerl Beds

DNA barcoding in combination with morpho-anatomical analysis was applied to study the diversity of crustose coralline algae associated to two maerl beds from two protected Atlantic European areas from Brittany and Galicia —France and Spain, respectively—. Given the records of gametophytes of the maerl species Phymatolithon calcareum under crustose growth-forms, and that associated crustose coralline algae appear to be involved in the recruitment of new maerl plants, we compared the species composition between the associated crustose coralline algae to Breton and Galician maerl beds with the maerl species identified in these beds in previous DNA barcoding surveys. Our molecular results revealed higher species diversity in associated crustose coralline algae than in maerl-forming species. Nine taxa of crustose coralline algae were found in both study areas: four in Brittany and five in Galicia. Three species from Brittany were identified as Phymatolithon calcareum, Phymatolithon lamii, and Lithophyllum hibernicum. The remaining six ones were assigned to the genera Phymatolithon and Mesophyllum, along with Lithothamnion and Lithophyllum. Morpho-anatomical examination of diagnostic characters corroborated our molecular identification. Our results showed that the most representative genus of crustose coralline algae in Brittany was Phymatolithon, while in Galicia was Mesophyllum. In Brittany, Phymatolithon calcareum was found under both growth-forms, maerl and crustose coralline algae, the latter assigned to the gametophyte stage by the presence of uniporate conceptacles. The recruitment of new maerl plants involving associated crustose coralline algae with maerl beds may occur, but only we can affirm it for Phymatolithon calcareum in Brittany. By contrast, the different species composition between both growth-forms in the Galician maerl beds would indicate that the fragmentation of own free-living maerl species appears to be the most common propagation mechanism.

scholarly journals Carbon Storage Distribution Characteristics of Vineyard Ecosystems in Hongsibu, Ningxia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Tingting Xue ◽  
Feifei Gao ◽  
Ruteng Wei ◽  
Zhilei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Storage Distribution ◽  
And Storage

Given that the global winegrape planting area is 7.2×106 hm2, the potential for winegrape crop-mediated carbon capture and storage as an approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions warranted further research. Herein, we employed an allometric model of various winegrape organs to assess biomass distributions, and we evaluated the carbon storage distribution characteristics associated with vineyard ecosystems in the Hongsibu District of Ningxia. We found that the total carbon storage of the Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard ecosystem was 55.35 t·hm−2, of which 43.12 t·hm−2 came from the soil, while the remaining 12.23 t·hm−2 was attributable to various vine components including leaves (1.85 t·hm−2), fruit (2.16 t·hm−2), canes (1.83 t·hm−2), perennial branches (2.62 t·hm−2), and roots (3.78 t·hm−2). Together, these results suggested that vineyards can serve as an effective carbon sink, with the majority of carbon being sequestered at the soil surface. Within the grapevines themselves, most carbon was stored in perennial organs including perennial branches and roots. Allometric equations based on simple and practical biomass and biometric measurements offer a means whereby grape-growers and government entities responsible for ecological management can better understand carbon distribution patterns associated with vineyards.

A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON CARBON STORAGE BY ZOSTERA MARINA IN ISE BAY, JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Kokubu ◽  
Hideki Kokubu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Ise Bay

Blue Carbon, which is carbon captured by marine organisms, has recently come into focus as an important factor for climate change initiatives. This carbon is stored in vegetated coastal ecosystems, specifically mangrove forests, seagrass beds and salt marshes. The recognition of the C sequestration value of vegetated coastal ecosystems provides a strong argument for their protection and restoration. Therefore, it is necessary to improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that stock control C in these ecosystems. However, the contribution of Blue Carbon sequestration to atmospheric CO2 in shallow waters is as yet unclear, since investigations and analysis technology are ongoing. In this study, Blue Carbon sinks by Zostera marina were evaluated in artificial (Gotenba) and natural (Matsunase) Zostera beds in Ise Bay, Japan. 12-hour continuous in situ photosynthesis and oxygen consumption measurements were performed in both areas by using chambers in light and dark conditions. The production and dead amount of Zostera marina shoots were estimated by standing stock measurements every month. It is estimated that the amount of carbon storage as Blue Carbon was 237g-C/m2/year and 197g-C/m2/year in the artificial and natural Zostera marina beds, respectively. These results indicated that Zostera marina plays a role towards sinking Blue Carbon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document