Ecosystem-specific selection of microbial ammonia oxidizers in an acid soil

Abstract. The function of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) depends on the availability of ammonia substrate and the supply of oxygen. The interactions and evolutions of AOA and AOB communities along ecological gradients of substrate availability in complex environment have been much debated, but rarely tested. In this study, two ecosystems of maize and rice crops under different fertilization regimes were selected to investigate the community diversification of soil AOA and AOB in response to long-term field fertilization and flooding management in an acid soil. Real-time quantitative PCR of amoA genes demonstrated that the abundance of AOA was significantly stimulated after conversion of upland to paddy soils, while slight decline of AOB populations was observed. DGGE fingerprints of amoA genes further revealed remarkable changes in community compositions of AOA in paddy soil when compared to upland soil. Sequencing analysis revealed that upland soil was dominated by AOA within the soil group 1.1b lineage, while the marine group 1.1a lineage predominated AOA communities in paddy soils. Irrespective of upland and paddy soils, long-term field fertilizations led to higher abundance of amoA genes of AOA and AOB than control treatment that received no fertilization, whereas archaeal amoA gene abundances outnumbered their bacterial counterpart in all samples. Phylogenetic analyses of amoA genes showed that Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB dominated bacterial ammonia oxidizers in both paddy and upland soils, regardless of fertilization treatments. The results of this study suggest that the marine group 1.1a AOA could be better adapted to low-oxygen environment than AOA ecotypes of the soil group 1.1b lineage, and implicate that long-term flooding as the dominant selective force driving the community diversification of AOA populations in the acid soil tested.

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Conversion of upland to paddy field specifically alters the community structure of archaeal ammonia oxidizers in an acid soil

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-5739-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 5739-5753 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. S. Alam ◽

G. D. Ren ◽

L. Lu ◽

Y. Zheng ◽

X. H. Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paddy Field ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Amoa Gene ◽

Paddy Soils ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Ammonia Oxidizers ◽

Soil Group ◽

Term Field

Abstract. The function of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) depends on the major energy-generating compounds (i.e., ammonia and oxygen). The diversification of AOA and AOB communities along ecological gradients of substrate availability in a complex environment have been much debated but rarely tested. In this study, two ecosystems of maize and rice crops under different fertilization regimes were selected to investigate the community diversification of soil AOA and AOB upon conversion of an upland field to a paddy field and long-term field fertilization in an acid soil. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes demonstrated that the abundance of AOA was significantly stimulated after conversion of upland to paddy soils for more than 100 yr, whereas a slight decline in AOB numbers was observed. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints of amoA genes further revealed remarkable changes in the community compositions of AOA after conversion of aerobic upland to flooded paddy field. Sequencing analysis revealed that upland soil was dominated by AOA within the soil group 1.1b lineage, whereas the marine group 1.1a-associated lineage predominated in AOA communities in paddy soils. Irrespective of whether the soil was upland or paddy soil, long-term field fertilization led to increased abundance of amoA genes in AOA and AOB compared with control treatments (no fertilization), whereas archaeal amoA gene abundances outnumbered their bacterial counterparts in all samples. Phylogenetic analyses of amoA genes showed that Nitrosospira cluster-3-like AOB dominated bacterial ammonia oxidizers in both paddy and upland soils, regardless of fertilization treatment. The results of this study suggest that the marine group 1.1a-associated AOA will be better adapted to the flooded paddy field than AOA ecotypes of the soil group 1.1b lineage, and indicate that long-term flooding is the dominant selective force driving the community diversification of AOA populations in the acid soil tested.

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Long-term fertilization effects on active ammonia oxidizers in an acidic upland soil in China

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 28-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Xinli Wang ◽

Cheng Han ◽

Jinbo Zhang ◽

Qianru Huang ◽

Huan Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Oxidizers ◽

Upland Soil ◽

Fertilization Effects

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Correlations Among Different P-Test Methods Studied in a Network of Hungarian P Fertilization Long-term Field Trials

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.20 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 51 (1-2) ◽

pp. 167-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marianna Magyar ◽

P. Csathó ◽

K. Debreczeni ◽

Keyword(s):

Field Trials ◽

Test Methods ◽

P Fertilization ◽

P Values ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Group ◽

Soil P Test ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Term Field

Five soil P-test methods were compared on the soils of the network of unified Hungarian P fertilization long-term field trials. The effect of P application on the soil P-test values was significant on the different P levels and sites. The average effect of the sites varied between 1.5-fold (H 2 O method) and 3.7- fold (AL-method). The amounts of extracted P increased in the order of H 2 O-P < Olsen-P < Pi-P < AERM-P < AL-P < Corrected AL-P. For studying the relationships between the P values extracted by the different methods, acidic, calcareous and all soils groups were taken into account as a basis. A good correlation was found between the Pi- and AERM-methods in each soil group. Within the acidic soil group, pH has a much less expressed effect on AL-P values, presumably this was the reason why the strongest correlation in this soil group was found between the AL- and the Corr. AL-P methods The next step in our research will be to calibrate these soil-P tests with plant P uptake and yield responses.

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The changes of soil nitrogen and carbon contents in a long-term field experiment under different systems of nitrogen fertilization

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/435-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 463-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. Nedvěd ◽

J. Balík ◽

J. Černý ◽

M. Kulhánek ◽

M. Balíková

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Hot Water ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Organic N ◽

Total N ◽

C And N ◽

N Compounds ◽

Term Field

Content of N and C in soil were investigated in a long-term field experiment under different systems of N fertilization. Chernozem and Cambisol were extracted using hot water (Nhws, Chws) and 0.01M CaCl2 (NCaCl2, CDOC). The Ct/Nt ratio in Chernozem was 9.6:1 and in Cambisol 6.1:1. The lowest Ct/Nt ratio in both experiments was found in the control treatment. Results showed that C and N compounds are less stable in Cambisol, which leads to a higher rate of mineralization. In the Chernozem, Nhws formed 3.66% from the total N content in the soil whereas NCaCl2 formed only 0.82%. Chws formed 2.98% and CDOC 0.34% from total C content. Cambisol contains 4.81% of Nhws and 0.84% of NCaCl2 from the total N amount and 5.76% of Chws and 0.70% of CDOC from the total C content, respectively. Nitrogen extracted by 0.01M CaCl2 formed only 22.4% of N extractable by hot water in Chernozem and 17.5% in Cambisol. The lowest C/N ratios were obtained after the CaCl2 extraction (3.0–6.2:1). The application of manure increased the content of soil organic N and C compared to the sewage sludge treatments.

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