scholarly journals Comparing soil biogeochemical processes in novel and natural boreal forest ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 7521-7548 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Quideau ◽  
M. J. B. Swallow ◽  
C. E. Prescott ◽  
S. J. Grayston ◽  
S.-W. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Organic Matter Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Ecosystems

Abstract. Emulating the variability that exists in the natural landscape prior to disturbance should be a goal of soil reconstruction and land reclamation efforts following resource extraction. Long-term ecosystem sustainability within reclaimed landscapes can only be achieved with the re-establishment of biogeochemical processes between reconstructed soils and plants. In this study, we assessed key soil biogeochemical attributes (nutrient availability, organic matter composition, and microbial communities) in reconstructed, novel, anthropogenic ecosystems covering different reclamation treatments following open-cast mining for oil extraction. We compared the attributes to those present in a range of natural soils representative of mature boreal forest ecosystems in the same area of northern Alberta. Soil nutrient availability was determined in situ with resin probes, organic matter composition was described with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and soil microbial community structure was characterized using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Significant differences among natural ecosystems were apparent in nutrient availability and seemed more related to the dominant tree cover than to soil type. When analyzed together, all natural forests differed significantly from the novel ecosystems, in particular with respect to soil organic matter composition. However, there was some overlap between the reconstructed soils and some of the natural ecosystems in nutrient availability and microbial communities, but not in organic matter characteristics. Hence, our results illustrate the importance of considering the range of natural landscape variability, and including several soil biogeochemical attributes when comparing novel, anthropogenic ecosystems to the mature ecosystems that constitute ecological targets.

scholarly journals Comparing soil biogeochemical processes in novel and natural boreal forest ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 5651-5661 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Quideau ◽  
M. J. B. Swallow ◽  
C. E. Prescott ◽  
S. J. Grayston ◽  
S.-W. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Organic Matter Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Ecosystems

Abstract. Emulating the variability that exists in the natural landscape prior to disturbance should be a goal of soil reconstruction and land reclamation efforts following resource extraction. Long-term ecosystem sustainability within reclaimed landscapes can only be achieved with the re-establishment of biogeochemical processes between reconstructed soils and plants. In this study, we assessed key soil biogeochemical attributes (nutrient availability, organic matter composition, and microbial communities) in reconstructed, novel, anthropogenic ecosystems, covering different reclamation treatments following open-cast mining for oil extraction. We compared the attributes to those present in a range of natural soils representative of mature boreal forest ecosystems in the same area of Northern Alberta. Soil nutrient availability was determined in situ with resin probes, organic matter composition was described with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and soil microbial community structure was characterized using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Significant differences among natural ecosystems were apparent in nutrient availability and seemed more related to the dominant tree cover than to soil type. When analyzed together, all natural forests differed significantly from the novel ecosystems, in particular with respect to soil organic matter composition. However, there was some overlap between the reconstructed soils and some of the natural ecosystems in nutrient availability and microbial communities, but not in organic matter characteristics. Hence, our results illustrate the importance of considering the range of natural landscape variability and including several soil biogeochemical attributes when comparing novel, anthropogenic ecosystems to the mature ecosystems that constitute ecological targets.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities and Organic Matter Composition in Surface and Subsurface Sediments of the Helgoland Mud Area, North Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatobi E. Oni ◽  
Frauke Schmidt ◽  
Tetsuro Miyatake ◽  
Sabine Kasten ◽  
Matthias Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Organic Matter Composition ◽  
Subsurface Sediments ◽  
Area North ◽  
Mud Area

scholarly journals The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4477-4491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. He ◽  
Q. Zhuang ◽  
J. W. Harden ◽  
A. D. McGuire ◽  
Z. Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Models

Abstract. The large amount of soil carbon in boreal forest ecosystems has the potential to influence the climate system if released in large quantities in response to warming. Thus, there is a need to better understand and represent the environmental sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition. Most soil carbon decomposition models rely on empirical relationships omitting key biogeochemical mechanisms and their response to climate change is highly uncertain. In this study, we developed a multi-layer microbial explicit soil decomposition model framework for boreal forest ecosystems. A thorough sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dominating biogeochemical processes and to highlight structural limitations. Our results indicate that substrate availability (limited by soil water diffusion and substrate quality) is likely to be a major constraint on soil decomposition in the fibrous horizon (40–60% of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool size variation), while energy limited microbial activity in the amorphous horizon exerts a predominant control on soil decomposition (>70% of SOC pool size variation). Elevated temperature alleviated the energy constraint of microbial activity most notably in amorphous soils, whereas moisture only exhibited a marginal effect on dissolved substrate supply and microbial activity. Our study highlights the different decomposition properties and underlying mechanisms of soil dynamics between fibrous and amorphous soil horizons. Soil decomposition models should consider explicitly representing different boreal soil horizons and soil–microbial interactions to better characterize biogeochemical processes in boreal forest ecosystems. A more comprehensive representation of critical biogeochemical mechanisms of soil moisture effects may be required to improve the performance of the soil model we analyzed in this study.

scholarly journals Stream Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Reflects the Riparian Zone, Not Upslope Soils in Boreal Forest Headwaters

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 3896-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. J. Ledesma ◽  
D. N. Kothawala ◽  
P. Bastviken ◽  
S. Maehder ◽  
T. Grabs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Composition

scholarly journals What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3056-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Petzel ◽  
Evan C Titgemeyer ◽  
Alexander J Smart ◽  
Kristin E Hales ◽  
Andrew P Foote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.

scholarly journals CaptureSeq: Hybridization-Based Enrichment of cpn60 Gene Fragments Reveals the Community Structures of Synthetic and Natural Microbial Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Links ◽  
Tim J. Dumonceaux ◽  
E. Luke McCarthy ◽  
Sean M. Hemmingsen ◽  
Edward Topp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Microbial Ecosystems ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Background. The molecular profiling of complex microbial communities has become the basis for examining the relationship between the microbiome composition, structure and metabolic functions of those communities. Microbial community structure can be partially assessed with “universal” PCR targeting taxonomic or functional gene markers. Increasingly, shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing is providing more quantitative insight into microbiomes. However, both amplicon-based and shotgun sequencing approaches have shortcomings that limit the ability to study microbiome dynamics. Methods. We present a novel, amplicon-free, hybridization-based method (CaptureSeq) for profiling complex microbial communities using probes based on the chaperonin-60 gene. Molecular profiles of a commercially available synthetic microbial community standard were compared using CaptureSeq, whole metagenome sequencing, and 16S universal target amplification. Profiles were also generated for natural ecosystems including antibiotic-amended soils, manure storage tanks, and an agricultural reservoir. Results. The CaptureSeq method generated a microbial profile that encompassed all of the bacteria and eukaryotes in the panel with greater reproducibility and more accurate representation of high G/C content microorganisms compared to 16S amplification. In the natural ecosystems, CaptureSeq provided a much greater depth of coverage and sensitivity of detection compared to shotgun sequencing without prior selection. The resulting community profiles provided quantitatively reliable information about all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) in the different ecosystems. The applications of CaptureSeq will facilitate accurate studies of host-microbiome interactions for environmental, crop, animal and human health. Conclusions: cpn60-based hybridization enriched for taxonomically informative DNA sequences from complex mixtures. In synthetic and natural microbial ecosystems, CaptureSeq provided sequences from prokaryotes and eukaryotes simultaneously, with quantitatively reliable read abundances. CaptureSeq provides an alternative to PCR amplification of taxonomic markers with deep community coverage while minimizing amplification biases.

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