Changes in root zone storage capacity and their effects on river discharge and gross primary production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Nóbrega ◽  
David Sandoval ◽  
Colin Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Stress Functions

<p>Root zone storage capacity (R<sub>z</sub>) is a parameter widely used in terrestrial ecosystem models that estimate the amount of soil moisture available for transpiration. However, R<sub>z</sub> is subject to large uncertainty, due to the lack of data on the distribution of soil properties and the depth of plant roots that actively take up water. Our study makes use of a mass-balance approach to investigate R<sub>z</sub> in different ecosystems, and changes in water fluxes caused by land-cover change. The method needs no land-cover or soil information, and uses precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) time series to estimate the seasonal water deficit. To account for some of the uncertainty in ET, we use different methods for ET estimation, including methods based on satellite estimates, and modelling approaches that back-calculate ET from other ecosystem fluxes. We show that reduced ET due to land-cover change reduces R<sub>z</sub>, which in turn increases baseflow in regions with a strong rainfall seasonality. This finding allows us to analyse the trade-off between gross primary production and hydrological fluxes at river basin scales. We also consider some ideas on how to use mass-balance R<sub>z</sub> in water-stress functions as incorporated in existing terrestrial ecosystem models.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of MODIS EVI to estimate terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production of multiple land cover types

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Shi ◽  
Longhui Li ◽  
Derek Eamus ◽  
Alfredo Huete ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Modis Evi

Land cover change-induced decline in terrestrial gross primary production over the conterminous United States from 2001 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 308-309 ◽  
pp. 108609
Author(s):  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Conghe Song ◽  
Taehee Hwang ◽  
Kimberly Novick ◽  
John W. Coulston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Gross Primary Production

scholarly journals Moderate forest disturbance as a stringent test for gap and big-leaf models

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond-Lamberty ◽  
J. P. Fisk ◽  
J. A. Holm ◽  
V. Bailey ◽  
G. Bohrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Area Index ◽  
C Cycle

Abstract. Disturbance-induced tree mortality is a key factor regulating the carbon balance of a forest, but tree mortality and its subsequent effects are poorly represented processes in terrestrial ecosystem models. It is thus unclear whether models can robustly simulate moderate (non-catastrophic) disturbances, which tend to increase biological and structural complexity and are increasingly common in aging US forests. We tested whether three forest ecosystem models – Biome-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles), a classic big-leaf model, and the ZELIG and ED (Ecosystem Demography) gap-oriented models – could reproduce the resilience to moderate disturbance observed in an experimentally manipulated forest (the Forest Accelerated Succession Experiment in northern Michigan, USA, in which 38% of canopy dominants were stem girdled and compared to control plots). Each model was parameterized, spun up, and disturbed following similar protocols and run for 5 years post-disturbance. The models replicated observed declines in aboveground biomass well. Biome-BGC captured the timing and rebound of observed leaf area index (LAI), while ZELIG and ED correctly estimated the magnitude of LAI decline. None of the models fully captured the observed post-disturbance C fluxes, in particular gross primary production or net primary production (NPP). Biome-BGC NPP was correctly resilient but for the wrong reasons, and could not match the absolute observational values. ZELIG and ED, in contrast, exhibited large, unobserved drops in NPP and net ecosystem production. The biological mechanisms proposed to explain the observed rapid resilience of the C cycle are typically not incorporated by these or other models. It is thus an open question whether most ecosystem models will simulate correctly the gradual and less extensive tree mortality characteristic of moderate disturbances.

scholarly journals Modeling and Monitoring Terrestrial Primary Production in a Changing Global Environment: Toward a Multiscale Synthesis of Observation and Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufen Pan ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Shree R. S. Dangal ◽  
Zhiyun Ouyang ◽  
Bo Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Key Indicator

There is a critical need to monitor and predict terrestrial primary production, the key indicator of ecosystem functioning, in a changing global environment. Here we provide a brief review of three major approaches to monitoring and predicting terrestrial primary production: (1) ground-based field measurements, (2) satellite-based observations, and (3) process-based ecosystem modelling. Much uncertainty exists in the multi-approach estimations of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP). To improve the capacity of model simulation and prediction, it is essential to evaluate ecosystem models against ground and satellite-based measurements and observations. As a case, we have shown the performance of the dynamic land ecosystem model (DLEM) at various scales from site to region to global. We also discuss how terrestrial primary production might respond to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2and uncertainties associated with model and data. Further progress in monitoring and predicting terrestrial primary production requires a multiscale synthesis of observations and model simulations. In the Anthropocene era in which human activity has indeed changed the Earth’s biosphere, therefore, it is essential to incorporate the socioeconomic component into terrestrial ecosystem models for accurately estimating and predicting terrestrial primary production in a changing global environment.

scholarly journals Correction: Evaluating the role of land cover and climate uncertainties in computing gross primary production in Hawaiian Island ecosystems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0192041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Kimball ◽  
Paul C. Selmants ◽  
Alvaro Moreno ◽  
Steve W. Running ◽  
Christian P. Giardina
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Island Ecosystems

Response of tropical terrestrial gross primary production to the super El Niño event in 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Zhu ◽  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zeng ◽  
Xiangming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Climate Data

<p>The Gross Primary Production (GPP) in tropical terrestrial ecosystems plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. The strong 2015–2016 El Niño event offers a unique opportunity to investigate how GPP in the tropical terrestrial ecosystems responds to climatic forcing. This study uses two GPP products and concurrent climate data to investigate the GPP anomalies and their underlying causes. We find that both GPP products show an enhanced GPP in 2015 for the tropical terrestrial ecosystem as a whole relative to the multi-year mean of 2001–2015, and this enhancement is the net result of GPP increase in tropical forests and decrease in non-forests. We show that the increased GPP in tropical forests during the El Nino event is consistent with increased photosynthesis active radiation as a result of a reduction in clouds, while the decreased GPP in non-forests is consistent with increased water stress as a result of a reduction of precipitation and an increase of temperature. These results reveal the strong coupling of ecosystem and climate that is different in forest and non-forest ecosystems, and provide a test case for carbon cycle parameterization and carbon-climate feedback simulation in models.</p>

scholarly journals Observed and modelled ecosystem respiration and gross primary production of a grassland in southwestern France

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Albergel ◽  
J.-C. Calvet ◽  
A.-L. Gibelin ◽  
S. Lafont ◽  
J.-L. Roujean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Area Index

Abstract. In this work, a simple representation of the soil moisture effect on the ecosystem respiration is implemented into the A-gs version of the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) model. It results in an improvement of the modelled CO2 flux over a grassland, in southwestern France. The former temperature-only dependent respiration formulation used in ISBA-A-gs is not able to model the limitation of the respiration under dry conditions. In addition to soil moisture and soil temperature, the only parameter required in this formulation is the ecosystem respiration parameter Re25. It can be estimated by the mean of eddy covariance measurements of turbulent nighttime CO2 flux (i.e. ecosystem respiration). The resulting correlation between observed and modelled net ecosystem exchange is r2=0.63 with a bias of −2.18 μmol m−2 s−1. It is shown that when CO2 observations are not available, it is possible to use a more complex model, able to represent the heterotrophic respiration and all the components of the autotrophic respiration, to estimate Re25 with similar results. The modelled ecosystem respiration estimates are provided by the Carbon Cycle (CC) version of ISBA (ISBA-CC). ISBA-CC is a version of ISBA able to simulate all the respiration components whereas ISBA-A-gs uses a single equation for ecosystem respiration. ISBA-A-gs is easier to handle and more convenient than ISBA-CC for practical use in atmospheric or hydrological models. Surface water and energy flux observations as well as gross primary production (GPP) estimates are compared with model outputs. The dependence of GPP to air temperature is investigated. The observed GPP is less sensitive to temperature than the modelled GPP. Finally, the simulations of the ISBA-A-gs model are analysed over a seven year period (2001–2007). Modelled soil moisture and leaf area index (LAI) are confronted with the observed root-zone soil moisture content (m3 m−3), and with LAI estimates derived from surface reflectance measurements.

Country-level net primary production distribution and response to drought and land cover change

2017 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dailiang Peng ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Chaoyang Wu ◽  
Alfredo R. Huete ◽  
Alemu Gonsamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Production Distribution

scholarly journals Accounting for Carbon and Nitrogen interactions in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ORCHIDEE (trunk version, rev 4999): multi-scale evaluation of gross primary production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Vuichard ◽  
Palmira Messina ◽  
Sebastiaan Luyssaert ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Sönke Zaehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract. Nitrogen is an essential element controlling ecosystem carbon (C) productivity and its response to climate change and atmospheric [CO2] increase. This study presents the evaluation – focussing on gross primary production (GPP) – of a new version of the ORCHIDEE model that gathers the representation of the nitrogen cycle and of its interactions with the carbon cycle from the OCN model and the most recent developments from the ORCHIDEE trunk version. We quantify the model skills at 78 Fluxnet sites by simulating the observed mean seasonal cycle, daily mean flux variations, and annual mean average GPP flux for grasslands and forests. Accounting for carbon-nitrogen interactions does not substantially change the main skills of ORCHIDEE, except for the site-to-site annual mean GPP variations, for which the version with carbon-nitrogen interactions is in better agreement to observations. However, the simulated GPP response to idealized [CO2] enrichment simulations is highly sensitive to whether or not carbon-nitrogen interactions are accounted for. Doubling of the atmospheric [CO2] induces an increase of the GPP, but the site-averaged GPP response to CO2 increase projected by the model version with carbon-nitrogen interactions is half of the increase projected by the version without carbon-nitrogen interactions. This model's differentiated response has important consequences for the transpiration rate, which is on average 50 mm yr−1 lower with the version with carbon-nitrogen interactions. Simulated annual GPP for northern, tropical and southern latitudes shows good agreement with the observation-based MTE-GPP product for present-day conditions. An attribution experiment making use of this new version of ORCHIDEE for the time period 1860–2016 suggests that global GPP has increased by 50 %, the main driver being the enrichment of land in reactive nitrogen (through deposition and fertilization), followed by the [CO2] increase. Based on our factorial experiment and sensitivity analysis, we conclude that if carbon-nitrogen interactions are accounted for, the functional responses of ORCHIDEE r4999 better agrees with current understanding of photosynthesis than when the carbon-nitrogen interactions are not accounted for, and that carbon-nitrogen interactions are essential in understanding global terrestrial ecosystem productivity.

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