Impacts of infrastructure and climate changes on reindeer herding in the Yamal, west Siberia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Kumpula ◽  
Roza Laptander ◽  
Bruce C. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

<p>The traditional landuse in the Yamal is reindeer herding practiced by nomadic Nenets herders. The hydrocarbon industry is presently the source of most ecological changes in the Yamal peninsula and socio-economic impacts experienced by migratory Nenets herders who move annually between winter pastures at treeline and the coastal summer pastures by the Kara Sea.</p><p>In central Yamal peninsula which is permafrost area both natural and anthropogenic changes have occurred during the past 40 years. Mega size Bovanenkovo Gas Field was discovered in 1972 and it was opened in production and in 2012. We have studied gas field development and natural changes like increases in shrub growth, cryogenic landslides, drying lakes in the region and these impacts to Nenets reindeer herding.</p><p>Nenets managing collective and privately owned herds of reindeer have proven adapt in responding to a broad range of intensifying industrial impacts at the same time as they have been dealing with symptoms of a warming climate and thawing permafrost phenomena.</p><p>The results of climate change together with the industrial development of the Yamal Peninsula have a serious impact to the Nenets nomadic reindeer husbandry. Their consequences make Nenets reindeer herders to change their migration routes and the way of working with reindeer. During several years, we were making interviews with Nenets reindeer herders about the influence of climate change and industrialization of the tundra on the quality of Nenets nomads’ life and their work with reindeer. Reindeer herders said that impacts of industrial development have reduced their migration opportunities, as well as the quality of pastures for grazing, which has fatal the effects during icing on the tundra in the winter. At the same time, in the summer reindeer have more food because increasing of the green vegetation. </p><p>Here we detail both the climate change impacts and spatial extent of gas field growth, landslides drying lakes, shrub increase and the dynamic relationship between Nenets nomads and their rapidly evolving social-ecological system.</p>

Strategy of the Kara Sea Oil and Gas Field Development and Evaluation of Economy Uncertainties

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bulakh ◽  
Anatoly B. Zolotukhin ◽  
Ove T. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
External Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

Huge reserves of hydrocarbons on the shelf of the Kara Sea, adjacent to the west coast of the Yamal Peninsula are to be developed in the XXI century. This large oil and gas area in northern West Siberia has prospective resources of 56 trillion barrels of oil equivalents (boe). The Russia Federation has no other regions with similar concentrations of undeveloped hydrocarbons. Creating this unique Kara Sea gas production centre could provide in the years 2015–2030 a production of at least 800 billion Sm3 of gas per year providing both domestic and external demand with this fuel, and supply it to the external market, (http://oilgasindustry.ru).

scholarly journals An Algorithm of Management Decision-Making Regarding the Feasibility of Investing in Geological Studies of Forecasted Hydrocarbon Resources

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Cherepovitsyn ◽  
Dmitry Metkin ◽  
Alexander Gladilin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development

Currently, under the conditions of increasing depletion of hydrocarbon reserves in Russia, it is necessary to consider the resource potential of poorly-researched oil and gas objects as a factor for ensuring the sustainable development of the oil and gas complex, in the context of the concept formation of rational subsoil utilization and a circular economy. The methodology of this study is based on a clear sequence of geological and economic studies of poorly-researched oil and gas objects, including four stages, such as analysis of the raw material base, assessment of the raw material potential, determination of technological development parameters, and economic evaluation. The methods of the probabilistic estimation of oil resources of the forecasted objects with regard to geological risk are outlined. Software packages “EVA—Risk Analysis” and “EVA—Economic Evaluation of Oil and Gas Field Development Projects” were used for estimation. The result of the study is the determination of the geological and economic efficiency of the development of nine hydrocarbon objects with the determination of the order of their further geological exploration, and introduction into industrial development on the example of the poorly-researched region of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province located in the Arctic zone.

scholarly journals Modelling of Surface Runoff on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, Using ERA5 Reanalysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Tatiana Matveeva ◽  
Aleksey Sidorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Main Input ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

The Yamal peninsula is a territory of active industrial development as it contains several rich fields of natural condensed gas and oil. The density of the gullies net on the Yamal peninsula is one of the highest in the Russian Arctic. The natural environment or constructions can be potentially damaged by gully erosion and the cost of such damage is high. The models of gully erosion require surface runoff estimates. The hydrological model was developed for surface runoff estimation during the spring snow thaw and summer rains. In the conditions of Arctic climate with deep permafrost, the losses in runoff are limited to evaporation, as soil permeability is negligible. The model was calibrated on the available measurements. The meteorological base for hydrological calculations was ERA5 reanalysis, the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalyses, validated on the meteorological data. The deviations of reanalysis data from the measurements cause the errors in the results of surface runoff calculation. The daily surface runoff can vary in the range of 18–30% due to ERA5 errors in air temperature and snow cover depth. As the daily surface runoff is the main input to the models of gully erosion, these errors must be taken into account in the modelling of gully erosion on the Yamal peninsula.

scholarly journals Formation of Gas-Emission Craters in Northern West Siberia: Shallow Controls

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Evgeny Mikhailovich Chuvilin ◽  
Natalia Sergeevna Sokolova ◽  
Boris Aleksandrovich Bukhanov ◽  
Dinara Anvarovna Davletshina ◽  
Mikhail Yurievich Spasennykh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

Gas-emission craters discovered in northern West Siberia may arise under a specific combination of shallow and deep-seated permafrost conditions. A formation model for such craters is suggested based on cryological and geological data from the Yamal Peninsula, where shallow permafrost encloses thick ground ice and lenses of intra- and subpermafrost saline cold water (cryopegs). Additionally, the permafrost in the area is highly saturated with gas and stores large accumulations of hydrocarbons that release gas-water fluids rising to the surface through faulted and fractured crusts. Gas emission craters in the Arctic can form in the presence of gas-filled cavities in ground ice caused by climate warming, rich sources of gas that can migrate and accumulate under pressure in the cavities, intrapermafrost gas-water fluids that circulate more rapidly in degrading permafrost, or weak permafrost caps over gas pools.

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