scholarly journals Modelling of Surface Runoff on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, Using ERA5 Reanalysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Tatiana Matveeva ◽  
Aleksey Sidorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Main Input ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

The Yamal peninsula is a territory of active industrial development as it contains several rich fields of natural condensed gas and oil. The density of the gullies net on the Yamal peninsula is one of the highest in the Russian Arctic. The natural environment or constructions can be potentially damaged by gully erosion and the cost of such damage is high. The models of gully erosion require surface runoff estimates. The hydrological model was developed for surface runoff estimation during the spring snow thaw and summer rains. In the conditions of Arctic climate with deep permafrost, the losses in runoff are limited to evaporation, as soil permeability is negligible. The model was calibrated on the available measurements. The meteorological base for hydrological calculations was ERA5 reanalysis, the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalyses, validated on the meteorological data. The deviations of reanalysis data from the measurements cause the errors in the results of surface runoff calculation. The daily surface runoff can vary in the range of 18–30% due to ERA5 errors in air temperature and snow cover depth. As the daily surface runoff is the main input to the models of gully erosion, these errors must be taken into account in the modelling of gully erosion on the Yamal peninsula.

scholarly journals The Potential of Gully Erosion on the Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sidorchuk
Keyword(s):  
West Siberia ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

The Yamal Peninsula occupies the northern part of the West Siberian Plain in Russia. This territory has rapidly developed due to the exploitation of several gas fields. At the same time, the Yamal Peninsula is one of the most severely gullied landscapes in the Arctic. The potential risk of damage to the environment or structures and the cost of such damages are very high there. The erosion potential is the cumulative erosion by runoff above critical, calculated for each point at a catchment. Calculations take into account the geomorphic, lithological, and vegetation cover thresholds, realized in the form of critical runoff depth of erosion initiation. It also takes into account action of all flows between the critical and maximum runoff. The calculations for several gullied catchments on the Yamal Peninsula show the uneven distribution of erosion potential level with the maximum of gully erosion on the steep banks of the river valleys and on gully heads with bare soil. The area with potential erosion in these catchments varies within the range of 17–33%. The erosion on the Yamal Peninsula is mainly of natural origin. It occurs on steep slopes and at the heads of gullies. These landforms are not used for exploitation camps and settlements. Nevertheless, the linear structures, such as railways, roads and pipelines, can cross these unstable landforms with the risk of damage. Erosion potential increases at the spots with bare soil, which appear due to both construction work and natural processes, such as slumping.

scholarly journals Comparisons of polar processing diagnostics from 34 years of the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 3873-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. D. Lawrence ◽  
G. L. Manney ◽  
K. Minschwaner ◽  
M. L. Santee ◽  
A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Vortex Size ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract. We present a comprehensive comparison of polar processing diagnostics derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim). We use diagnostics that focus on meteorological conditions related to stratospheric chemical ozone loss based on temperatures, polar vortex dynamics, and air parcel trajectories to evaluate the effects these reanalyses might have on polar processing studies. Our results show that the agreement between MERRA and ERA-Interim changes significantly over the 34 years from 1979 to 2013 in both hemispheres and in many cases improves. By comparing our diagnostics during five time periods when an increasing number of higher-quality observations were brought into these reanalyses, we show how changes in the data assimilation systems (DAS) of MERRA and ERA-Interim affected their meteorological data. Many of our stratospheric temperature diagnostics show a convergence toward significantly better agreement, in both hemispheres, after 2001 when Aqua and GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) radiances were introduced into the DAS. Other diagnostics, such as the winter mean volume of air with temperatures below polar stratospheric cloud formation thresholds (VPSC) and some diagnostics of polar vortex size and strength, do not show improved agreement between the two reanalyses in recent years when data inputs into the DAS were more comprehensive. The polar processing diagnostics calculated from MERRA and ERA-Interim agree much better than those calculated from earlier reanalysis data sets. We still, however, see fairly large differences in many of the diagnostics in years prior to 2002, raising the possibility that the choice of one reanalysis over another could significantly influence the results of polar processing studies. After 2002, we see overall good agreement among the diagnostics, which demonstrates that the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses are equally appropriate choices for polar processing studies of recent Arctic and Antarctic winters.

scholarly journals Periglacial gully erosion on the east European plain and its recent analog at the Yamal peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Sidorchuk ◽  
Tatiana A. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
East European ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

The net of dry valleys, gullies and shallow hollows is typical for the East European Plain. Dense vegetation usually covers their bottoms and slopes, so the modern erosion there is negligible in the pristine conditions. This erosion landscape formed in periglacial conditions during the terminations of the last two glaciations. The same kind of the erosion landscape is typical for the Arctic regions, especially for the Yamal, Gydan, and Tazovsky peninsulas. The size and the density of such valleys and gullies are quite similar to those existing on the East European Plain, but these erosion features are active there, especially in the conditions of natural or anthropogenic deterioration of the vegetation cover. As the density of dry valley network is an indicator of hydrological conditions in the river basin, the landscapes of the Arctic regions can be used as the modern analogs of the territories with the past periglacial erosion.The recent hydrological characteristics of the west-central Yamal Peninsula were used to estimate the parameters of erosion network at the Khoper River basin, formed in periglacial conditions. For these purposes gully erosion and thermoerosion model GULTEM was verified and calibrated based on the observation of the modern processes on the Yamal Peninsula. The meteorological characteristics were taken from ERA-Interim Reanalysis grid. To calculate the flow characteristics a synthetic hydrological model was used. These verified and calibrated models were used to find the most suitable characteristics of climate and vegetation cover, which can explain the structure and density of the Perepolye dry valley in the Khoper River basin. This dry valley with the main trunk length of 6400 m was formed at the end of the Late Valdai Glaciation (MIS 2). The conditions required for the formation of a periglacial gully of such length were estimated with the GULTEM model. The critical velocity of erosion initiation was within the range 0.8-0.9 m/s, and the surface runoff depth was close to the recent one on the Yamal Peninsula (330 mm). The system of shallow hollows in the Perepolye catchment (the gullies formed at the end of the Moscow Glaciation, MIS 6) is denser and longer than the dry valley system, and the modelling estimates showed that the surface runoff during that period was almost 3.3 times more than the recent one on the Yamal Peninsula. 

Impacts of infrastructure and climate changes on reindeer herding in the Yamal, west Siberia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Kumpula ◽  
Roza Laptander ◽  
Bruce C. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

<p>The traditional landuse in the Yamal is reindeer herding practiced by nomadic Nenets herders. The hydrocarbon industry is presently the source of most ecological changes in the Yamal peninsula and socio-economic impacts experienced by migratory Nenets herders who move annually between winter pastures at treeline and the coastal summer pastures by the Kara Sea.</p><p>In central Yamal peninsula which is permafrost area both natural and anthropogenic changes have occurred during the past 40 years. Mega size Bovanenkovo Gas Field was discovered in 1972 and it was opened in production and in 2012. We have studied gas field development and natural changes like increases in shrub growth, cryogenic landslides, drying lakes in the region and these impacts to Nenets reindeer herding.</p><p>Nenets managing collective and privately owned herds of reindeer have proven adapt in responding to a broad range of intensifying industrial impacts at the same time as they have been dealing with symptoms of a warming climate and thawing permafrost phenomena.</p><p>The results of climate change together with the industrial development of the Yamal Peninsula have a serious impact to the Nenets nomadic reindeer husbandry. Their consequences make Nenets reindeer herders to change their migration routes and the way of working with reindeer. During several years, we were making interviews with Nenets reindeer herders about the influence of climate change and industrialization of the tundra on the quality of Nenets nomads’ life and their work with reindeer. Reindeer herders said that impacts of industrial development have reduced their migration opportunities, as well as the quality of pastures for grazing, which has fatal the effects during icing on the tundra in the winter. At the same time, in the summer reindeer have more food because increasing of the green vegetation. </p><p>Here we detail both the climate change impacts and spatial extent of gas field growth, landslides drying lakes, shrub increase and the dynamic relationship between Nenets nomads and their rapidly evolving social-ecological system.</p>

scholarly journals Socio-ecological conditions of industrial development of the Yamal peninsula

2012 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
V. D. Bogdanov ◽  
М.G. Golovatin ◽  
L.М. Мorozova ◽  
S. N, Ektova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

scholarly journals Ecological state of water bodies and their water protection zones within the boundaries of settlements of the Yamal Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Roman Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

Most of the population of the Yamal Peninsula lives in settlements located on the banks of rivers. The increasing industrial development of the Yamal Peninsula leads to the fact that in these settlements in the water area and on the shores, objects of the fuel and energy complex are being built and functioning. At the same time, the contribution to water pollution of settlements located here, as well as objects of transport and fuel and energy infrastructure, is still unclear. On the other hand, the issues of intensifying the processes of coastal destruction and the related danger to residential and economic infrastructure are increasingly being discussed. However, the degree of activation of these processes on the Yamal Peninsula is also poorly understood. During the study, the state of water bodies and water protection zones was monitored for the period from 2016 to 2020. It was found that at present no significant anthropogenic pollution of water and bottom sediments is recorded. The content of pollutants and heavy metals is mainly determined by natural conditions. At the same time, the water protection zones are littered with scrap metal and household waste. Activation of channel processes and processes of abrasion and thermal abrasion of the banks is observed. The intensity of coastal destruction processes in the erosion zone varies from 0.25 to 0.85 m/year.

scholarly journals Using climate reanalysis data in conjunction with multi-temporal satellite thermal imagery to derive supraglacial debris thickness changes from energy-balance modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Stewart ◽  
Matthew Westoby ◽  
Francesca Pellicciotti ◽  
Ann Rowan ◽  
Darrel Swift ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Thermal Imagery ◽  
Thickness Estimation ◽  
Miage Glacier

Abstract Surface energy-balance models are commonly used in conjunction with satellite thermal imagery to estimate supraglacial debris thickness. Removing the need for local meteorological data in the debris thickness estimation workflow could improve the versatility and spatiotemporal application of debris thickness estimation. We evaluate the use of regional reanalysis data to derive debris thickness for two mountain glaciers using a surface energy-balance model. Results forced using ERA-5 agree with AWS-derived estimates to within 0.01 ± 0.05 m for Miage Glacier, Italy, and 0.01 ± 0.02 m for Khumbu Glacier, Nepal. ERA-5 data were then used to estimate spatiotemporal changes in debris thickness over a ~20-year period for Miage Glacier, Khumbu Glacier and Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. We observe significant increases in debris thickness at the terminus for Haut Glacier d'Arolla and at the margins of the expanding debris cover at all glaciers. While simulated debris thickness was underestimated compared to point measurements in areas of thick debris, our approach can reconstruct glacier-scale debris thickness distribution and its temporal evolution over multiple decades. We find significant changes in debris thickness over areas of thin debris, areas susceptible to high ablation rates, where current knowledge of debris evolution is limited.

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