Properties and fate of microplastics entering drinking water treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Novotna ◽  
Lenka Cermakova ◽  
Lenka Pivokonska ◽  
Martin Pivokonsky
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Treatment Facilities

<p>Microplastics (MPs) are being detected in aquatic environments worldwide, including seawaters and freshwaters. Moreover, some scarce studies have also reported the presence of MPs in potable water, both in water from public water supply and in bottled water. Despite any potential adverse effects on human health are not known yet, the occurrence of MPs in drinking water raises considerable attention. Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) pose a barrier for MPs to pass from raw water to treated water intended for human consumption; thus, the fate of MPs entering DWTPs is of a great interest. In order to encapsulate current knowledge in this regard, and so as to identify research needs in this filed, more than 100 studies were reviewed to provide concise conclusions. Focus was laid on: (i) summarizing available information on MP abundance and character in water resources and in drinking water; (ii) combining research results on MP contents at the inflow and outflow of DWTPs and on MP removal by distinct treatment technologies; (iii) comparing MPs to other common pollutants, the removal of which is commonly addressed at DWTPs; and (iv) providing an insight into the fate of MPs at waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), that act as a barrier for transition of MPs from waste to the nature, thus, have an “opposite” position than DWTPs. Additionally, the topic of (v) fate of MPs in DWTP and WWTP sludge was also put forward. This review brings together valuable information regarding the MP occurrence, character, and fate in freshwater aquatic environments in relation to the MP appearance at water treatment facilities, i.e. DWTPs and WWTPs, that may act as both sink and source of this emerging pollutant. Thus, the “cycle” of MPs between natural water bodies and “water in use by humans” is proposed.</p>

scholarly journals Identification of Microplastics in Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plants in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial Adib ◽  
Roya Mafigholami ◽  
Hossein Tabeshkia
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Average Abundance ◽  
The City

Abstract The presence of microplastics (MPs), as an emerging pollutant is a growing concern in different water resources. These particles are recognized as less than 5 mm in size. Most of the studies have been carried out in surface waters and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there are few studies on MPs in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This study investigates these particles in three different conventional DWTPs in the city of Tehran, Iran and aims to analyze these particles down to the size of 1 µm. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized in this study to quantitatively analyze MPs. Accordingly, the average abundance of MPs in raw and treated water samples varied from 1996±268 to 2808±80 MPs L-1 and 971±103 to 1401±86 MPs L-1, respectively. While particles smaller than 10 µm comprised 65-87% of MPs. Moreover, µ-Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize MPs. As the results, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene (PE) were the most abundant identified polymers among MPs comprising more than 53% of particles. Additionally, MPs were categorized as fibers, fragments and spheres. This study fills the knowledge gap of MPs presence in Tehran DWTPs which is of high importance since they supply drinking water for more than 8 million people and investigates the performance of conventional DWTPs in removing MPs.

Drinking Water Surveillance Program in the St. Clair-Detroit River Area 1985/86

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Roberts ◽  
R.B. Hunsinger ◽  
A.H. Vajdic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP), developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, is an assessment project based on standardized analytical and sampling protocol. This program was recently instituted in response to a series of contaminant occurrences in the St. Clair-Detroit River area of Southwestern Ontario. This paper outlines the details and goals of the program and provides information concerning micro-contaminants in drinking water at seven drinking water treatment plants in Southwestern Ontario.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Understanding of PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride Composition and N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation During Chloramination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Donovan ◽  
Ariel Jasmine Atkinson ◽  
Natalia Fischer ◽  
Amelia E Taylor ◽  
Johann Kieffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride (PolyDADMAC) is the most commonly used polymer at drinking water treatment plants and has the potential to form nitrosamines, like N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), if free polymer is present...

Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint Lawrence River (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Aminata Berte ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Bruno Ménard ◽  
Benoît Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Risk

A 300-km portion of the Saint Lawrence hydrological basin in the province of Québec (Canada) and 45 water treatment plants were studied. River water used by drinking water treatment plants was analyzed (6-L sample volumes) to determine the level of occurrence of bacterial indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Clostridium perfringens) and pathogens (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, human enteric viruses). Pathogens and bacterial indicators were found at all sites at a wide range of values. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the bacterial indicators and the pathogens. Physicochemical and treatment practices data were collected from most water treatment plants and used to estimate the level of removal of pathogens achieved under cold (0°C-4°C) and warm (20°C-25°C) water temperature conditions. The calculated removal values were then used to estimate the annual risk of Giardia infection using mathematical models and to compare the sites. The estimated range of probability of infection ranged from 0.75 to less than 0.0001 for the populations exposed. Given the numerous assumptions made, the model probably overestimated the annual risk, but it provided comparative data of the efficacy of the water treatment plants and thereby contributes to the protection of public health.Key words: public health, drinking water, health risk, pathogen occurrence.

Characterization of NOM in a drinking water treatment process train with no disinfectant residual

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
A. Grefte ◽  
J. Kroesbergen ◽  
G. L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

For drinking water treatment plants that do not use disinfectant residual in the distribution system, it is important to limit availability of easily biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM) fractions which could enhance bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. This can be achieved by optimising the removal of those fractions of interest during treatment; however, this requires a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these NOM components. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to characterize NOM in water samples from one of the two water treatment plants serving Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No disinfectant residual is applied in the distribution system. Fluorescence EEM and LC-OCD were used to track NOM fractions. Whereas fluorescence EEM shows the reduction of humic-like as well as protein-like fluorescence signatures, LC-OCD was able to quantify the changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of five NOM fractions: humic substances, building blocks (hydrolysates of humics), biopolymers, low molecular weight acids and neutrals.

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