Operationalising nature-based solutions for mitigating hydro-meteorological hazards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Sisay Debele ◽  
Jeetendra Sahani ◽  
Silvana Di Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Meteorological Hazards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Air Laboratories

<p><strong>Operationalising nature-based solutions for mitigating hydro-meteorological hazards</strong></p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Prashant Kumar<sup>1,*</sup>, Sisay Debele<sup>1</sup>, Jeetendra Sahani<sup>1</sup>, Silvana Di Sabatino<sup>2</sup></strong></p><p><strong><sup> </sup></strong><sup>1</sup>Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom</p><p><sup>2</sup>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy</p><p><sup>*</sup>Presenting author. Email: [email protected]</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The impact of weather- and climate-related hydro-meteorological hazards (HMHs) is amongst the greatest global challenges society is facing today. The concept of nature-based solution (NBS) is becoming popular for HMH management but the lack of knowledge on NBS designing and effectiveness is hindering its wider acceptance. This work discusses HMH risk analysis, relevant data, the role of NBS and its operationalisation by bringing co-design concept and testing them in OPERANDUM project’s open-air laboratories (OALs). HMH risk assessment employs different methodologies with respect to exposure, vulnerability and adaptation interaction of the elements at risk. The classification and effectiveness of any NBS depend on its location, design, typology and environmental conditions. OALs, via the collaboration of researchers and end-users, can foster increasing uptake, upscaling, replication and implementation of NBS projects as compared to traditional grey infrastructure approach. Multi-hazard risk analysis and inclusion of NBS into policy plans can foster NBS operationalisation processes across all sectors and at levels by fostering participatory processes such as co-design, co-creation and co-management among municipalities, researches, policy-makers, funding agencies and other stakeholders; and can inspire more effective use of skills, knowledge, manpower, as well as economic, social and cultural resources. NBS data monitoring, its standardisation, accessible storage and compliance with existing standard metadata is needed. The monitoring and evaluation manuals and guidelines are needed to decrease uncertainty about performance and overall cost-effectiveness of NBS and overcome potential hurdles to create long-term stability and enhance the wider uptake of NBS.   </p><p>Keywords: Hydro-meteorological hazards, nature-based solution, climate change, policy, co-design, co-creation, operationalisation </p><p><strong>Acknowledgement</strong><strong>s</strong>: This work is carried out under the framework of OPERANDUM (OPEn-air laboRAtories for Nature baseD solUtions to Manage hydro-meteo risks) project, which is funded by the Horizon 2020 under the Grant Agreement No: 776848. We thank OPERANDUM collaborators (Laura Leo, Francesca Barisanid, Bidroha Basu, Edoardo Bucchignani,  Nikos Charizopoulosg, Alessio Domeneghetti,  Albert Sorolla Edo, Leena Finér, Glauco Gallotti,  Sanne Juch, Michael Loupis, Slobodan B. Mickovski, Depy Panga, Irina Pavlova, Francesco Pilla, Adrian Löchner Prat, Fabrice G. Renaud, Martin Rutzinges,  Arunima Sarkar, Mohammad Aminur Rahman Shah, Katriina Soini, Maria Stefanopoulou, Elena Toth, Liisa Ukonmaanaho, Sasa Vranic, Thomas Zieher, for their contributions.</p>

Prospects for Climate Change Litigation in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 349-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Shuang Lyu ◽  
Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile legal scholarship seeks mainly to assess the impact of climate change litigation (CCL) on the regulatory state and on climate change policy in common law countries, the potential influence of government climate policy on the judicial practices of jurisdictions with different legal traditions attracts much less attention. This article fills the gaps by exploring how courts in China, an authoritarian country with a civil law tradition, react to government climate policies and how this judicial response might affect relevant legal rules and eventually contribute to climate regulation. An empirical analysis of 177 Chinese judicial cases reveals that CCL in China consists mostly of contract-based civil actions steered by the government's low-carbon policies. Moreover, although the prospects of CCL against public authorities in China remain very bleak, there is scope for the emergence of tort-based CCL, backed by government policies. In this respect, recent tort-based public interest litigation on air pollution in China may serve as a substitute or, more promisingly, a gateway to the emergence of a tort-based branch of Chinese CCL.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change policy on the risk of water stress in southern and eastern Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 064039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
C Adam Schlosser ◽  
Charles Fant ◽  
Kenneth Strzepek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Climate Transition Risk and the Impact on Green Bonds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Antoniuk ◽  
Thomas Leirvik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

The green bond market develops rapidly and aims to contribute to climate mitigation and adaptation significantly. Green bonds as any asset are subject to transition climate risk, namely, regulatory risk. This paper investigates the impact of unexpected political events on the risk and returns of green bonds and their correlation with other assets. We apply a traditional and regression-based event study and find that events related to climate change policy impact green bonds indices. Green bonds indices anticipated the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change as a favorable event, whereas the 2016 US Presidential Election had a significant negative impact. The negative impact of the US withdrawal from the Paris agreement is more prominent for municipal but not corporate green bonds. All three events also have a similar effect on green bonds performance in the long term. The results imply that, despite the benefits of issuing green bonds, there are substantial risks that are difficult to hedge. This additional risk to green bonds might cause a time-varying premium for green bonds found in previous literature.

scholarly journals A Multicriteria Approach for Assessing the Impact of ICT on EU Sustainable Regional Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4869
Author(s):  
Christiana Koliouska ◽  
Zacharoula Andreopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Promethee Ii ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

As a global actor, the European Union (EU) plays a leading role in international efforts to promote sustainable development globally. All sustainable objectives and targets need Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as key catalysts, since ICTs constitute tools of unprecedented power which help people to face the growing challenges of rising population, poverty, epidemics and climate change. Policy makers in the EU are increasingly putting ICTs into relations with sustainable regional development. This paper aims to study and assess the impact of ICT on the EU regional policy in terms of sustainable development by applying the multicriteria approach, PROMETHEE II, using the software Visual PROMETHEE. The criteria that were used in this research are the criteria that both the European Commission and member states define to assess the ICT implications of new EU legislation since 2010. The results revealed that the impact of ICT on EU sustainable regional policy has gotten stronger in the last two decades.

scholarly journals Animals with Regard to Climate Changes - International and European Law Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Olha Sushyk ◽  
Daria Rosokhata
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Agricultural Emissions ◽  
Livestock Emissions ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article consists of three parts. Firstly, it introduces the connection between animal and climate change. On the one hand, the impact of agricultural emissions (livestock emissions) on climate change has been introduced. On the other hand, it has been presented that the climate change has a negative impact not only for the humankind, but also for the biodiversity (animals) which have an economic and socio-cultural significance. Th second part provides an analysis of relevant international legal frameworks (UN Climate Change regime) that stipulate specifically in relation to livestock emissions globally and existing legal and policy frameworks in the EU that address livestock emissions, namely the Effort Sharing Decision and the Common Agricultural Policy. Thirdly, the paper focuses on the problem of biodiversity conservation though the signifiant pace of climate change has been regulated by a number of international conventions. EU-wide ecological network is being created in Europe that ensures the preservation of the natural environment of animals and the ways of their migration, regardless of the existing borders of the countries. Climate change is already having adverse effcts on animal and those effects are likely to prove devastating in the future. Nonetheless, the relevant harms to animals have yet to become a serious part of the analysis of climate change policy.

Overcoming drought vulnerability in rangeland communities: lessons from central-western Queensland

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Phelps ◽  
Dana Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
External Support ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Drought Relief ◽  
The Impact

Drought and climate variability are an increasing global problem, especially in rangelands which may lack robust socioeconomic systems. Vulnerability is being applied in drought and climate change policy theory, by describing exposure and sensitivity factors, and adaptive capacity. In this paper we examine these vulnerability factors in central-western Queensland (CWQ), Australia, as a case study to test the idea that vulnerability and resilience must be considered together to build strong and enduring rangeland communities. The region’s economy and employment are strongly coupled with rain-fed agriculture. Drought is a key risk to CWQ communities, with 13 extended droughts recorded since 1898. The region has been officially in drought since 2013 following well below-average rainfall, and remains in drought in 2019. The impact has led to reductions in town business turnover of 30–60%, loss of livelihoods and outmigration of 20%. Outmigration corresponds to the recent periods of drought. Social networks have been destabilised, highlighting that the cascading impacts of drought are complex, interrelated and affect the whole community. Regionally led responses have helped to re-build social cohesion, provide mental health support and stimulate economic activity and employment. These actions provide examples of a systemic, whole-of-community approach, that (1) captures place-based advantages; (2) enhances internal and external socioeconomic networks; (3) engages meaningfully through multi-level consultation; and (4) seeks to build sustained financial investment. A common theme of success is partnerships which provide external support for regionally-identified issues and solutions. There has been considerable investment of public, philanthropic and private funds in drought relief and infrastructure programs. This has occurred through a whole-of-community approach, and suggests a move towards policy which aims to build long-term regional resilience. CWQ has linked vulnerability and resilience by asking of both internally and externally led drought relief ‘will this action build or undermine community resilience’. This approach could also be applied to the design of drought policies and responses in other rangeland regions.

scholarly journals Assessing The Commitment of Indonesian Government Towards Climate Change Policy: The Yudhoyono Presidency 2004-2014 [Menilai Komitmen Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Kebijakan Perubahan Iklim: Pemerintahan Presiden Yudhoyono 2004-2014]

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Lidya Christin Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
International Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Commitment

As the largest archipelagic state and the world’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, Indonesia’s commitment to climate change policy is critical. In 2009, Indonesia under President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono showed its commitment by setting environmental targets, which included a commitment to reduce deforestation by decreasing the number of forest fires by 20 percent each year. The commitment, however, could not be fully realised. Unsurprisingly, in 2015 for the umpteenth time, a thick haze of smog caused by the forest fires blanketed Indonesia and its neighbours, Malaysia and Singapore. The pollution unavoidably raises uncertainty of Indonesia’s role in advancing the climate change regime. Since 85 percent of emissions in Indonesia come from deforestation, Indonesia’s failure to tackle this problem is a serious issue in relation to its international role. Indonesia’s international commitment and motivation then come into questions, particularly considering the country’s domestic conduct. While not dismissing the positive impacts of its active commitment, this paper evaluates climate change policy in Indonesia during the Yudhoyono administration by applying the context of multi-level governance, namely the impact of international, local government, and non-governmental actors in environmental policy. None should be in any doubt on the point that Yudhoyono has dealt with climate change issues more seriously than any previous president. However, since Indonesia falls behind on its national commitment, this paper argues that Indonesia’s role in establishing climate change regime is more driven by its international stature.AbstrakSebagai negara kepulauan terbesar dan penghasil emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar ketiga di dunia, komitmen Indonesia terhadap kebijakan perubahan iklim sangat penting. Pada tahun 2009, Indonesia di bawah Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono menunjukkan komitmennya dengan menetapkan target untuk mengurangi deforestasi dengan mengurangi jumlah kebakaran hutan sebesar 20 persen setiap tahun. Namun, target ini tidak sepenuhnya dapat diwujudkan. Pada tahun 2015 untuk yang kesekian kalinya, kabut asap tebal yang disebabkan oleh kebakaran hutan menyelimuti Indonesia dan tetangganya, Malaysia dan Singapura. Kasus ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian atas peran Indonesia dalam memajukan rezim perubahan iklim. Mengingat 85 persen emisi di Indonesia berasal dari deforestasi, kegagalan Indonesia untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah persoalan serius terkait peran internasionalnya, apalagi dengan melihat implementasi pada tataran domestiknya. Meskipun tidak menampik dampak positif dari komitmen aktifnya, tulisan ini mengevaluasi kebijakan perubahan iklim di Indonesia selama masa kepresidenan Yudhoyono dengan menerapkan konteks tata kelola multi-level, yaitu dampak aktor internasional, pemerintah daerah, dan non-pemerintah dalam kebijakan lingkungan. Seharusnya tidak ada yang meragukan bahwa Yudhoyono telah menangani masalah perubahan iklim dengan lebih serius daripada presiden sebelumnya. Namun, melihat minimnya komitmen dan implementasi di tingkat nasional, peran Indonesia dalam membangun rezim perubahan iklim lebih tampak sebagai upaya membangun citra internasional.

scholarly journals Climate Change Policy: What Do the Models Tell Us?

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Pindyck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Social Cost Of Carbon ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Abatement Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Foundation

Very little. A plethora of integrated assessment models (IAMs) have been constructed and used to estimate the social cost of carbon (SCC) and evaluate alternative abatement policies. These models have crucial flaws that make them close to useless as tools for policy analysis: certain inputs (e.g., the discount rate) are arbitrary, but have huge effects on the SCC estimates the models produce; the models' descriptions of the impact of climate change are completely ad hoc, with no theoretical or empirical foundation; and the models can tell us nothing about the most important driver of the SCC, the possibility of a catastrophic climate outcome. IAM-based analyses of climate policy create a perception of knowledge and precision, but that perception is illusory and misleading. (JEL C51, Q54, Q58)

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