A database of Black Sea beaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahsin Görmüş ◽  
Berna Ayat ◽  
Burak Aydoğan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Average Width ◽  
The Mean

<p>Beaches are not only one of the most beautiful natural entities the world coasts, they are also habitat for various species of living creatures, barrier against coastal hazards. Their conservation is crucially important, yet the efforts seem deficient. Geographic information systems are great tools towards this aim by incorporating coastal data and visually representing them. In this study, a database for all the beaches along the Black Sea coastline is created to help the efforts on marine conservation and coastal management. 1553 beaches have been digitized as polygons using satellite images between 2013 and 2016 covering the entire Black Sea coast. Geometric properties such as area, perimeter, width, central coordinates, UTM zone, shoreline length, and bound orientation are obtained through different data collection techniques. Information related to natural properties such as estuaries, coastal structures, and settlement densities have been gathered. Results indicated that Black Sea beaches are relatively narrow. Most of them are either experienced erosion or have a vulnerability to erosion. Among all 1553 beaches, only 28 beaches have an average width wider than 100 m. In the basin, the average width of the beaches is 26.04 m, the average beach area is 70384.2 m<sup>2</sup> and the total beach shoreline length is 2116.12 km, which covers 43% of the Black Sea coastline. The mean slope values of the beaches with a maximum width of greater than 100 m are calculated using ASTER Digital Elevation Model v2. According to this analysis, the mean slope of these 164 beaches is 7.28 degrees. An additional analysis is performed by creating a different layer for the South-western part of the basin, from approximately 5 years older satellite images. This analysis showed that, even in the short-term, beaches can experience significant area loss reaching up to 50% in a relatively high wave climate such as exists in the South-western part.</p>

scholarly journals A new grid-net design to eliminate by-catch for the veined rapa whelk beam trawl fisheries in the south-eastern Black Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMET RAIF ERYAŞAR
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Sea Beam ◽  
The Mean ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
Rapa Whelk

            The beam trawl fisheries in the Black Sea only target the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) individuals, and other species like fishes and crabs are thrown back into the sea dead or alive. Furthermore, small bivalves and crabs are packed with the target species without any elimination. In this study, a grid-net design (GND) with two different bar spacing was tested to reduce the by-catch. In total 30 hauls (15 hauls for each bar spacing) were carried out in the south-eastern Black Sea between 17 and 26 August 2017. A commercial diamond mesh and one of the grid-net beam trawls were towed simultaneously onboard a commercial vessel to compare the by-catch compositions. Results showed that there were statistically significant (p<0.01) 78% and 83% decreases in the mean weight of the by-catch for 20 and 30 mm grid-nets, respectively. When compared to the conventional gear, a commercial loss of 14% in the 20 mm GND, and 39% in the 30 mm GND in landing values were estimated. In conclusion, use of grid-nets in south-eastern Black Sea beam trawl fisheries can significantly reduce the by-catch of most benthic species. However, it also causes some commercial loss which might be compensated by providing some compensation to fishers such as extension of the fishing season.

SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR SHORELINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Krylenko ◽  
Marina Krylenko ◽  
Alexandr Aleynikov ◽  
Alexandr Aleynikov ◽  
Viacheslav Krylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shoreline Position ◽  
Local Dynamics ◽  
Average Displacement ◽  
Local Erosion

The Anapa bay-bar is located in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. With the goal in mind to determine the short-term dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar we analyzed satellite images from 2003 to the present. Depending on the hydro-lithodynamical situation the shoreline configuration during storm can vary from a rectilinear to sinusoidal forms. There are regions of local erosion or accumulation whose formation is related to the alongshore motion of sediments and dynamics of underwater bars. Comparison of the data on 1965 and 1966 showed that in this period the amplitude of the shoreline position was more than 20 m but average displacement of the shoreline for 13 months was only 0.8 m. This study showed that for the analysis of changes in the shoreline position is necessary to consider the configuration of the coastline at the time of each observation and the local dynamics.

The Black Sea factor influencing the wastewater disposal strategy for Istanbul

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
I. Ethem Gönenç ◽  
Oguz Müftüoglu ◽  
Bilsen Beler Baykal ◽  
Ertugrul Dogan ◽  
Hüseyin Yüce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
The World ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Unlike other seas of the world, the Black Sea shows unique quality and trophic properties. Fortunately, only the upper layer water of the Black Sea is introduced into the Bosphorus and has a significant effect on the quality and trophic conditions of the Marmara Sea. These effects are discussed in the light of data obtained from collaborative efforts of Turkish and Romanian research institutions and processed satellite images. In conjunction with these discussions, recommendations for a suitable effluent disposal strategy for Istanbul's wastewater have been given.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Diffusion Coefficients and Power Exponents from Single Lagrangian Trajectories

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Ivanov ◽  
Collins A. Collins ◽  
Tetyana Margolina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Current System ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
California Current ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
California Current System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Gaussian

Using discrete wavelets, a novel technique is developed to estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients and power exponents from single Lagrangian particle trajectories. The technique differs from the classical approach (Davis (1991)’s technique) because averaging over a statistical ensemble of the mean square displacement (<X2>) is replaced by averaging along a single Lagrangian trajectory X(t) = {X(t), Y(t)}. Metzler et al. (2014) have demonstrated that for an ergodic (for example, normal diffusion) flow, the mean square displacement is <X2> = limT→∞τX2(T,s), where τX2 (T, s) = 1/(T − s) ∫0T−s(X(t+Δt) − X(t))2 dt, T and s are observational and lag times but for weak non-ergodic (such as super-diffusion and sub-diffusion) flows <X2> = limT→∞≪τX2(T,s)≫, where ≪…≫ is some additional averaging. Numerical calculations for surface drifters in the Black Sea and isobaric RAFOS floats deployed at mid depths in the California Current system demonstrated that the reconstructed diffusion coefficients were smaller than those calculated by Davis (1991)’s technique. This difference is caused by the choice of the Lagrangian mean. The technique proposed here is applied to the analysis of Lagrangian motions in the Black Sea (horizontal diffusion coefficients varied from 105 to 106 cm2/s) and for the sub-diffusion of two RAFOS floats in the California Current system where power exponents varied from 0.65 to 0.72. RAFOS float motions were found to be strongly non-ergodic and non-Gaussian.

Wave energy potential and variability for the south west coasts of the Black Sea: The WEB-based wave energy atlas

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Bingölbali ◽  
Halid Jafali ◽  
Adem Akpınar ◽  
Serkan Bekiroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Web Based ◽  
South West ◽  
The Web

Wind and wave climate over the Black Sea

2014 ◽  
pp. 1309-1315
Author(s):  
Z Cherneva ◽  
C Soares ◽  
N Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
The Black Sea

scholarly journals The first unified inventory of non-native fishes of the South Caucasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tatia Kuljanishvili ◽  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Bella Japoshvili ◽  
Namig Mustafayev ◽  
Shaig Ibrahimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Native Fishes

The South Caucasus (SC) region is recognized for its high biological diversity and various endemic animal taxa. The area has experienced many fish introductions over the years, but the overall information about non-native fishes in the three SC countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia did not exist. Although these three countries belong to the Kura River drainage, Caspian Sea basin (only the western half of Georgia drains into the Black Sea), the legislative framework for each country regarding introduction of non-native fish species and their treatment is different and poorly developed. The goal of the present study was to make an initial inventory of non-native fish species in the three SC countries, and summarize the existing knowledge as a basis for future risk assessment models and formulation of regional management policies. Here, we present a unified list of 27 non-native species recorded in the wild in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Among these 27 species, eight were translocated from the Black Sea basin to the Caspian Sea basin. Out of these 27 non-native fishes, 15 species have become established (three of them being considered invasive) and six fish species could not survive in the wild.

scholarly journals Experiencing Europeanization in the Black Sea and South Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
European Studies ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
The Eu

The book series European Studies in the Caucasus offers innovative perspectives on regional studies of the Caucasus. By embracing the South Caucasus as well as Turkey and Russia, it moves away from a traditional viewpoint of European Studies that considers the countries of the region as objects of Europeanization. This second volume demonstrates this by looking into forms of inter-regionalism in the Black Sea–South Caucasus area in fields of economic cooperation, Europeanization of energy and environmental policies, discussing how the region is addressed in the elaboration of a new German Eastern Policy. In the section on norm diffusion, the contributors assess the normative power strategy of the EU and its paradoxes in the region, its impact on civil society development in Armenia, and democracy promotion in Georgia. In the section on legal approximation, issues of a global climate change regime and competition law in Georgia as well as penitentiary governance reform in the South Caucasus according to EU standards and policies are analyzed. All contributions also review regional or local contestations for the topics discussed here.

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