The asynergies of disaster risk reduction measures in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen de Ruiter ◽  
Jens de Bruijn ◽  
James Daniell ◽  
Johanna Englhardt ◽  
Philip Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Building Level

<p>Many countries face the risk of multiple hazards. The UNDRR’s Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction have called upon the science community for an increased understanding of the complexities of multi-hazard risk (UNDRR 2019). Nonetheless, in the currently prevailing risk assessment paradigm, risk is often represented as static and fragmented in terms of hazard types. While positively influencing the risk of one hazard, DRR measures can have adverse effects on the risk of another hazard type thereby increasing the vulnerability of the built environment, exacerbating impacts and potentially causing compound or cascading disasters. For example, wood-frame buildings tend to perform well under ground shaking but are likely to sustain higher damages due to an inundation than concrete buildings. We refer to these negative impacts between hazards as the asynergy of a DRR measure. Due to the predominantly single-hazard approach, the potential asynergies of DRR measures remain poorly understood.</p><p>In a case study of Afghanistan, we calculate the asynergies of building level DRR measures for floods and earthquakes. To this extent, we develop two increased-resilience scenarios where a decrease in flood and earthquake vulnerability are mimicked. These scenarios are used to assess the asynergies and to illustrate to what degree a risk reduction of one risk may actually be offset by an increase of the other risk. This can then be used to show which type of measure is worthwhile in which area.</p><p>An improved capability of understanding risk more holistically would strongly benefit first responders, aid organizations, urban planners and decision makers in designing sustainable DRR measures. We discuss several key potential asynergies of building level DRR measures for floods and earthquakes tailored to decrease the risk of one hazard on the risk of the other hazard. Finally, we outline a roadmap highlighting key future research and policy directions, and possible ways to strengthen coherent policies for DRR.</p>

scholarly journals A review of public acceptance of nature-based solutions: The ‘why’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ of success for disaster risk reduction measures

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl C. Anderson ◽  
Fabrice G. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

AbstractNature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as sustainable approaches to address societal challenges. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has benefited by moving away from purely ‘grey’ infrastructure measures towards NbS. However, this shift also furthers an increasing trend of reliance on public acceptance to plan, implement and manage DRR measures. In this review, we examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures, and we identify influential acceptance factors related to individuals, society, and DRR measures. Based on the review, we introduce the PA-NbS model that highlights the role of risk perception, trust, competing societal interests, and ecosystem services. Efforts to increase acceptance should focus on providing and promoting awareness of benefits combined with effective communication and collaboration. Further research is required to understand interconnections among identified factors and how they can be leveraged for the success and further uptake of NbS.

Analysis of Complexities in Natech Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: A Case Study of Cilegon, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1298-1308
Author(s):  
Fatma Lestari ◽  
Dicky Pelupessy ◽  
Yasuhito Jibiki ◽  
Fiori Amelia Putri ◽  
Ahmad Yurianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
City Government ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
The Impact

Complex disasters may occur as a result of a natural disaster combined with an industrial or a technological disaster. These are also called “natural-hazard triggered technological (natech) disasters.” Currently, there is increasing awareness of the hazards of these natech disasters. Natural disasters could trigger a technological disaster including oil spills and the release of hazardous and flammable materials and toxic chemicals, causing cascading events. The impact of the damage on public health and safety could be catastrophic, as it may result in massive loss of life, environmental destruction, and asset and property loss. Moreover, it could cause business disruptions and affect a country’s reputation. This paper describes a case study on the application of disaster risk reduction and management for natech disasters in Cilegon, Indonesia. We introduce the analysis of risk assessment conducted in Cilegon, the preparedness of the Cilegon City government, a contingency plan that has been developed, and the state of disaster preparedness in industrial zones. Natural and technological disaster risks as well as several emergency preparedness efforts are discussed and multiple stakeholders are identified. The paper serves as a foundation for future research to address natech disasters.

scholarly journals Survey on Disaster Risk Reduction Measures in the Balicuatro Area Schools of Northern Samar

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Randy O. Canales ◽  
Felisa L. Sanico
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
School Heads

This study sought to account the disaster risk reduction measures of the school heads of the elementary schools in the Balicuatro Area of Northern Samar in terms of information dissemination and advocacy campaign, policy mechanisms, organizational structure and mitigation measures to ensure the safety of the pupils, school personnel, properties and records. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship on the level of awareness of the respondents and the status of implementation of disaster risk reduction measures. The respondents possess some extent of knowledge on disaster risk reduction measures. The respondents’ awareness influenced their status of implementation of the measures. It can be implied that the efforts of the government to raise the awareness is effective.

Gender mainstreaming in risk reduction and resilience-building strategies: local conceptualisation of gender and masculinities in Malawi and Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwile Khoza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Issues

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the local conceptualisation of gender and framings of men and masculinities at the local level, which may be applied to improve gender mainstreaming in smallholder farming.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected from a total of 70 key informants and community members knowledgeable about climate change and smallholder agriculture, disaster risks, gender and broader community issues in Malawi and Zambia. The thematic analysis was used to identify the themes emerging from the qualitative data.FindingsPractitioners apply western framings of gender while communities consider their realities and contexts and emphasise that gender means men and women need to work together. Although institutional provisions are in place for gender mainstreaming, practitioners have cautioned against the influence of the global north in gender mainstreaming, which ignores local realities. Applying a masculinities lens at a local level established the existence of subordinate and marginalised men often excluded from interventions and how hierarchical relationships among men limited women's participation.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research, practice and policy initiatives in disaster risk reduction and resilience-building need to engage with positive masculinities in gender mainstreaming. This work stimulates a broader framing of gender that builds on the core values and perspectives of communities.Practical implicationsContemporary gender mainstreaming approaches need to consider local contextualisation of gender, emphasising the critical aspect of cooperation between women and men in overcoming climate-related hazards and risk reduction.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the nascent discourse on local gender perspectives and masculinities in disaster risk reduction and resilience in Southern Africa.

scholarly journals Social multi-criteria evaluation to identify appropriate disaster risk reduction measures: application to landslides in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda

Landslides ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1793-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maes ◽  
Kewan Mertens ◽  
Liesbet Jacobs ◽  
Bosco Bwambale ◽  
Liesbet Vranken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Rwenzori Mountains ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

scholarly journals The Asynergies of Structural Disaster Risk Reduction Measures: Comparing Floods and Earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen C. de Ruiter ◽  
Jens A. De Bruijn ◽  
Johanna Englhardt ◽  
James E. Daniell ◽  
Hans de Moel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures
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