The role of extreme noise in tipping between stable states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ditlevsen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Tails ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Stable States ◽  
The Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Paleoclimatic Records ◽  
Do So

<p>Paleoclimatic records show that under glacial boundary conditions the climate has jumped irregularly between two different climate states. These are the stadial and interstadial climates characterized by extremely abrupt climate change, the Dansgaard-Oeschger events. The irregularity and the fact that no known external triggering is present indicate that these are induced by internal noise, so-called n-tipping. The high resolution record of dust from Greenland icecores, which is a proxy of the state of the atmosphere, can be well fitted by a non-linear 1D stochastic process. But in order to do so the noise process needs to be an alpha-stable process, which is characterized by heavy tails violating the central limit theorem.  I will discus how extreme events can influence the transition from one climate state to the other.</p>

Role of Sex in Externally Motivated Self-Touching Gestures

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heaven ◽  
Dan McBrayer ◽  
Bob Prince
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discourse Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Do So

Self-touching gestures can be externally induced by the verbal presentation of anxiety-inducing stimuli and the active discussion of a passage. The frequency of these self-touching gestures appears to be affected by the individual interacting with the topic, the type of discourse (listening or discussing), the type of stimulus (canaries or leeches), and the interaction between the types of discourse and stimulus. This study assessed these variables as well as the sex of the participant and the order of presentation of stimulus type, neither of which were statistically significant. Participants were read two passages, one about a topic (leeches) expected to produce anxiety and the other about a topic (canaries) not expected to do so, and asked to answer questions about the passages. The number of self-touches was counted by an observer in another room. Each participant had both types of discourse (listening and discussing) and both types of stimulus (canaries and leeches). There was no significant difference between the number of self-touches by participants with either the male or female reader. Discussion as a method of discourse was associated with a significantly greater number of self-touches than listening. The interaction between discourse type and stimulus type was also significant. The combination of the anxiety producing stimulus and the active discourse (discussion) produced the highest average number of self-touches.

Edward Allworth: Cultural Revival and the Role of Writers

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way ◽  
Literature And Language

We have come to the human dimension in this discussion. It would, therefore, be useful for us to consider two different ways of approaching this. One is talking about people at arm's length, in the way we have been doing most of the day; to a certain extent we have had to do so, as social scientists or even as humanists. I am going to try the other approach, namely, to talk about a few individuals to see if there is anything there that might help us in understanding the nationality question. My subject is literature and language. First, I will cover literature as an instrument, as something of interest to social scientists; and then I will discuss certain important individuals. As far as the nationality question is concerned, the individual does matter, although, it seems, the Party places that aspect at the bottom of its list of nationality concerns deemed important.

3. The role of relatives

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Creer ◽  
E. Sturt ◽  
T. Wykes
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Laundry Washing ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Do So ◽  
At Home

Many patients depend on the care and support provided by relatives and friends as much as or more than on the help of services. In order to investigate this role and the burden that it might entail, interviews were sought with those who actually played a practical caring role. Members of the research team asked people in the series and staff whether (a) the patient shared a household with someone, or planned to do so in the near future if living in a residential unit; or (b) the patient regularly visited the relative; or (c) someone regularly helped with tasks such as laundry, washing up or cooking. There were 79 such helpers, all but two of whom turned out to be relatives. One exception was a landlady who had for years provided a very disabled patient with extensive motherly support. The other was a friend who visited the patient every evening in hospital. He used to visit her every day when she was living at home, and helped her round the house when she could not manage. For convenience the term ‘relative’ is used to include these two.

scholarly journals The Imagination of the Other in a (Post-)Sectarian Society: Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the Divided City of Belfast

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike M. Vieten ◽  
Fiona Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The City ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
Do So

This article explores the ways a salient sectarian community division in Northern Ireland frames the imagination of newcomers and the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees. We examine the dominant ethno-national Christian communities and how their actions define the social-spatial landscape and challenges of manoeuvring everyday life in Northern Ireland as an ‘Other’. We argue all newcomers are impacted to some degree by sectarianism in Northern Ireland, adding a further complexified layer to the everyday and institutional racism so prevalent in different parts of the UK and elsewhere. First, we discuss the triangle of nation, gender and ethnicity in the context of Northern Ireland. We do so in order to problematise that in a society where two adversarial communities exist the ‘Other’ is positioned differently to other more cohesive national societies. This complication impacts how the Other is imagined as the persistence of binary communities shapes the way local civil society engages vulnerable newcomers, e.g. in the instance of our research, asylum seekers and refugees. This is followed by an examination of the situation of asylum seekers and refugees in Northern Ireland. We do so by contextualising the historical situation of newcomers and the socio-spatial landscape of the city of Belfast. In tandem with this, we discuss the role of NGO’s and civil support organisations in Belfast and contrast these views with the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees. This article is based on original empirical material from a study conducted in 2016 on the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees with living in Northern Ireland.

The Role of the Church and Monasticism in the Growth of Legal Coptic

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-148
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Fournet
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Louvre Museum ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

This chapter studies the role of the Church and monasticism in the growth of legal Coptic. To do so, it presents three documentary dossiers that will clarify the major impetus that monasticism exerted with regard to this phenomenon, and the various mechanisms that it followed. The first dossier is a codex of eight wooden tablets that the Louvre Museum acquired in 1992. The tablets contain around twenty-six receipts, some of which are related to taxation, written by different people. These receipts are not written in the same language: twenty are in Greek and six are in Coptic. Ultimately, the codex offers early evidence that Coptic was used in a taxation context under the impetus of a monastic institution. The latter's responsibility for a portion of the collection process explains why Coptic was accepted for this use by the community. The other two dossiers, sharing the same provenance, demonstrates more precisely the role of monasticism in the rise of Coptic and in its creation of a language that could compete with Greek in nonprivate usage.

An Unscientific Postscript

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Kwame Anthony Appiah
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
National Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
General Account ◽  
Do So ◽  
Three Components

This chapter explores some of the tensions between cosmopolitanism and nationalism, from above, and ethnic identity and nationalism, from below, in the light of some of the other chapters in this book. To do so, it sketches a general account of identity, with its three components: criteria of membership, psychological identification, and the treatment of members by others as members of the group, and argues that all are standardly contested. It then incorporates the insights of some of the earlier chapters that show that identification can involve (a) feelings of warmth for the nation, or (b) celebrating national culture and achievements, or (c) conceiving of one’s nation as superior to others, and it discusses the different effects of these on redistributive solidarity with minorities and migrants. Finally, it urges attention to the role of national honour in thinking about national identity and suggests that there is scope for more work on the political psychology of nationalism.

Mathematical Symbols: Insight through Invention

1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Daiyo Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Algorithmic Technique ◽  
The One ◽  
New Math ◽  
Basic Movement ◽  
Do So

Over the years, like a pendulum. the emphasis in mathematics education has swung from a focus on concepts and understanding (e.g., the new-math movement) on the one hand to skill with facts and algorithms (e.g., the back-to-basic movement) on the other. Currently. children can adequately perform algorithms, but they may do so with little understanding of the underlying concepts (Resnick 1982, 136–55). In part, the difficulty lies in students having lo t sight of the role of symbols in mathematical thinking. The development of approache. that help children integrate the insight of symbolic understanding with the power of algorithmic technique should be of value. Accordingly, the intent of this article is to suggest how children can be guided to see and personally feel the power and simplicity that thinking with and about mathematical symbols can bring to their algorithmic competence. Although, for the sake of concretene and pecificity, attention hall be confined to computation, stress shall be placed on an approach that the reader may find generalize to other areas.

scholarly journals Pemikiran Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) tentang Metodologi Program Riset dan Signifikansinya dalam Kajian Keislaman

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amir Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
The One ◽  
Protective Belt ◽  
Do So

Apart from Kuhn and Popper, Lakatos has become an important figure in the<br />field of Philosophy of Science for his scientific theories, which he calls research<br />programmes. For Lakatos, Popper’s theoretical falsification can be immensely dangerous<br />when applied to the already established theories. On the other hand, in contrast to Kuhn<br />who assumed that a paradigm is by its nature immeasurable, Lakatos maintains that the<br />competing scientific discoveries may in fact be compared between one another. To him,<br />the main issues with regard to the logic of discovery cannot be dealt with satisfactorily<br />unless we do so within the framework of research programmes. The practical<br />implementation of this would be that the hard core of this framework cannot be subjected<br />to modification -let alone- rejection. This hard core must in other words be protected<br />from what he terms falsification. Lakatos also maintains that what can be said as scientific<br />is a series of theory, and not a single theory. This model of research programmes can in<br />fact be used in Islamic Studies in order to develop new theoretical principles that may<br />play a role of convincing protective-belt on the one hand, and to find new premises<br />whose discoveries can be used universally on the other

Multiparty Democracy in Zimbabwe after the Adoption of the 2013 Constitution

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-146
Author(s):  
Tinashe Carlton Chigwata
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
National Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Democratic Change ◽  
Do So

Zimbabwe adopted a new Constitution in 2013 which, among other objectives, sought to give greater legitimacy to multiparty democracy. This Constitution strengthens the role of an independent electoral commission, entrenches an array of political rights and freedoms, and requires multilevel government elections. The harmonized elections of 2013 and 2018, which were held under its regime, did not seem to have changed the previous patterns of disputed electoral processes and outcome. Both the electoral process and outcomes for these elections were disputed and subjected to court challenges. The main opposition, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), continue to cry foul that elections are stolen in favour of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union—Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) political party. On the other hand, ZANU-PF argues that it wins elections fairly and squarely as it has always done in the past because it is the most popular political party. This chapter addresses the question of whether the new Constitution has been able to end a culture of disputed elections and, therefore promote effective multiparty democracy. If not, what are the major obstacles and areas of contention? It will do so by examining the harmonized elections that have so far been held under its regime—the 2013 and 2018 harmonized elections.

The Critical Role of Market Segmentation

2011 ◽  
pp. 162-177
Author(s):  
Thierry Rayna ◽  
Ludmila Striukova ◽  
Samuel Landau
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
First Mover ◽  
Do So

The aim of this research is the investigate the role played by market segmentation, in general, and by the choice of initial market segment, in particular, in the ability of a product to cross the chasm. To do so, a theoretical framework, enabling to explain the ability of some firms to cross this chasm, while many others remain unsuccessful is developed. The key result of this research is that the choice of initial market segment has crucial importance as adoption in this segment can lead to a cascade of adoption in the other segments. To illustrate this proposition, three cases studies of an historical leader (Sony), a first mover (Archos) and a newcomer (Apple) in the market for digital audio players are presented.

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