The preserved plume conduits of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau and their relation with the Galápagos hotspot back to 90 Ma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Gomez Garcia ◽  
Eline Le Breton ◽  
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth ◽  
Gaspar Monsalve ◽  
Denis Anikiev
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
South American ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Tomographic Data ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Moho Depths ◽  
South American Continent

<p>Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (C-LIP) are found as thickened zones of oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea, that formed during strong pulses of magmatic activity around 90 Ma. Previous studies have proposed the Galápagos hotspot as the origin of the thermal anomaly responsible for the development of this igneous province. Particularly, geochemical signature relates accreted C-LIP fragments along northern South America with the well-known hotspot material.</p><p>In this research, we use 3D lithospheric-scale structural and density models of the Caribbean region, in which up-to-date geophysical datasets (i.e.: tomographic data, Moho depths, sedimentary thickness, and bathymetry) have been integrated. Based on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed EIGEN6C-4 dataset), we reconstruct density heterogeneities both in the crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle (< 50km).</p><p>Our results suggest the presence of two positive mantle density anomalies in the Colombian and the Venezuelan basins, interpreted as the preserved plume material which migrated together with the Proto-Caribbean plate from the east Pacific. Such bodies have never been identified before, but a positive density trend is also observed in the mantle tomography, at least down to 75 km depth.</p><p>Using recently published regional plate kinematic models and absolute reference frames, we test the hypothesis of the C-LIP origin in the Galápagos hotspot. However, misfits of up to ~3000 km between the present hotspot location and the mantle anomalies, reconstructed back to 90 Ma, is observed, as other authors reported in the past.</p><p>Therefore, we discuss possible sources of error responsible for this offset and pose two possible interpretations: 1. The Galápagos hotspot migrated (~1200-3000 km) westward while the Proto-Caribbean moved to the northeast, or 2. The C-LIP was formed by a different plume, which – if considered fixed - would be nowadays located below the South American continent.</p>

Zemís, trees, and symbolic landscapes: three Taíno carvings from Jamaica

Antiquity ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (270) ◽  
pp. 801-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Saunders ◽  
Dorrick Gray
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Region ◽  
South American ◽  
The Caribbean

Three carved wooden images have come to light in Jamaica, the most important find of Taíno carvings for two centuries from that island. Their discovery prompts a reconsideration of Taíno zemís, and their placing into the known context of the Caribbean region, with its South American links.

South American-Archaic Relations: Additional Comment

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Focused Attention ◽  
South American ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Additional Comment ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
South American Continent

In a recent note Baerreis (1950) has given critical amplification to the question of possible cultural relations between the southeastern United States Archaic and the archaeologically known culture, or cultures, of the lower Parana River, Argentina. A paper of my own (Willey, 1949), on which Baerreis centers his discussion, focused attention on the Caribbean area and the north of the South American continent, giving only brief mention to interesting southeastern resemblances which may be found along the Parana and in the Sambaquis of southern Brazil. I agree that Baerreis has strengthened the case for cultural connections over and beyond the casual comments which I or others have offered.

scholarly journals A new genus of Achrysonini and new records in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea) from Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly García ◽  
Juan Pablo Botero ◽  
Antonio Santos-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
South American ◽  
The Caribbean

Ysachron pilosus gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Caribbean region of Colombia, and an updated key to genera of South American Achrysonini is provided. Moreover, the geographical distribution of 45 species of Cerambycidae, belonging to the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Lamiinae and Prioninae, is expanded, including nine new country records for Colombia and a further locality in Colombia for nine species.

scholarly journals Trinidad Spanish: implications for Afro-Hispanic language

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
African Slave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Caribbean

[First paragraph]The question of Spanish language usage among African-born slaves (known as bozales) and their descendents in Spanish America is the subject of much controversy, and has had a major impact on theories of Creole formation and the evolution of Latin American dialects of Spanish, Portuguese and French. Briefly, one school of thought maintains that, at least during the last 150-200 years of African slave trade to Spanish America, bozales and their immediate descendants spoke a relatively uniform Spanish pidgin or creole, concentrated in the Caribbean region but ostensibly extending even to many South American territories. This creole in turn had Afro-Portuguese roots, derived from if not identical to the hypothetical maritime Portuguese creole (sometimes also identified with the medieval Sabir or Lingua Franca) claimed to be the source of most European - based Creoles in Africa, Asia and the Americas.1 The principal sources of evidence come in 19th century documents from the Caribbean region, principally Cuba and Puerto Rico, where many (but not all) bozal texts share a noteworthy similarity with other demonstrably Afro-Portuguese or Afro-Hispanic Creoles in South America, Africa and Asia.

scholarly journals Occurrence of a skarn-type mineralogy found in Ciénaga Marbles, located in the NW foothills of the Santa Marta Massif (Colombia)

DYNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (196) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Oscar Mauricio Castellanos-AlarcónCarlos ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ríos-Reyes ◽  
Luis Carlos Mantilla-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Metamorphic Stage ◽  
Hydrated Silicate ◽  
Metamorphic History ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Polarity Change

<p>The early Cretaceous Ciénaga Marbles that crop out in the NW foothills of the Santa Marta Massif (Colombian Caribbean region) present an epigenetic mineral assemblage (skarn-type), overprinting the metamorphic mineral assemblage previously developed along the regional metamorphic history that affected this unit. The skarn-type mineralogy allows at least three paragenetic contexts to be distinguished, which are represented by the following neoformed minerals: (a) garnet, forsterite, diopside, titanite, wollastonite and calcite (early anhydrous metamorphic stage), (b) actinolite, tremolite, allanite and clinohumite (metasomatic or hydrated stage), and (c) chlorite, serpentine, sepiolite and quartz (late low temperature retrograde stage, probably due to infiltration of descending meteoric waters). The skarn-type mineralogy is observed as alteration halos developed around porphyritic granodiorites emplaced as sills between anisotropy planes related to metamorphic regional foliation of rock that are considered to be the causative bodies of the skarntype mineralogy. Zircon U-Pb ages obtained from granodioritic bodies yielded an age of 55.5±0.7 Ma (Ypresian, Early Eocene). The formation of the skarn-type mineralogy in the Ciénaga Marbles is temporarily related to the formation and emplacement of hydrated silicate masses that were generated at the beginning of the subduction polarity change (i.e. when the Caribbean oceanic plate began to subduct beneath South American continental plate).</p>

African Caribbean Residents of Edinburgh in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.

Undiscovered phosphate resources in the Caribbean region and their potential value for agricultural development

Circular ◽  
1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Porter Sheldon ◽  
D.F. Davidson ◽  
S.R. Riggs ◽  
W.C. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The Caribbean

Features of Integration and Metaintegration in American Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Keyword(s):  
Integration Method ◽  
South American ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Creation ◽  
South American Continent ◽  
Andean Community ◽  
American Region

The analysis of integration of the legal systems of states in the American region is held. In the Southern subregion, a combination of integration and disintegration in cooperation of states led to the creation of two integration entities – MERCOSUR and the Andean Community (AC), in the Northern subregion – NAFTA. The author concludes that the convergence on the American continent, especially using the integration method, helped to implement a special scenario in the southern part of this continent – the meta-integration scenario, with the creation of the Union of South American Nations, uniting the Andean Community and MERCOSUR – something resembling a European one, but at the same time different from it. UNASUR is an effective mechanism for bringing together and integrating the states of the South American continent. Within this Union with notable leadership of Brazil and Argentina the first steps in the direction of the foreign policy integration of the member states are traced. In terms of economic integration, the Union uses the achievements of the AC and MERCOSUR, unifying the legal regulators in the economic sphere and bringing rapprochement to the legal systems of the member states.

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