Soil polymicrobial biofilms resistance increasing using Biogeosystem Technique transcendental environmental services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Aysuvakova ◽  
Alexey Glinushkin ◽  
Alexander Swidsinski ◽  
Valery Kalinichenko ◽  
Alexey Zavalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Polymicrobial Communities ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections ◽  
Aggregate System

<p>Soil organic matter biodegradation is an agent of the soil fertility and passivation of the hazardous substances including heavy metals. Bacteria within specific habitats, be it the mouth, tonsils, intestines, gut, vagina, or soil are not a faceless mixture of the once acquired participants, but the structurally strictly ordered polymicrobial communities where each participant takes its specific functional place. The conditions for polymicrobial biofilms in the soil are important.</p><p>The aim was tracking down the structural organization and adherence to soil particles of the polymicrobial communities and biofilms, responsible for biodegradation.  Polymicrobial communities and biofilms can be used as a starter, indicator, and control tools for the targeted soil and landscape improvements. Multiple skills in identification, characterizing and monitoring of functional activity of polymicrobial biofilms in the human body and gut were developed in the laboratory of polymicrobial infections and biofilms of the Charité hospital over the past 30 years. The biofilms do not occur in all systems and at any time in relevant amounts. The biochemical activity of the microorganisms till now is investigated solely in pure cultures. As soon as more than three different taxa are involved, the cultivation of the target microorganisms got problematic. The mapping of biofilms by the FISH method is promising for the following objectives in the soil system:</p><p>- identification of the structured polymicrobial biofilms for optimal composting, soil fertility, and a healthy environment;</p><p>- revealing modelling the polymicrobial starter of soil fertility;</p><p>- polymicrobial biofilms activity ensuring via control of the soil architecture, soil moisture and aeration;</p><p>- aerobe/anaerobe conditioning, pH, humic acids, and organic and mineral fertilizers, amelioration and remediation additives;</p><p>- testing of the substrate-bound polymicrobial biofilms as a starter for the shaping of different lands and agricultures.</p><p>Development of the soil-microbiological theoretical and technical fundamentals for the long-term soil improvement and environmentally safe organic wastes recycling and heavy metal passivation into the synthesized soil multilevel aggregate system under minimal intra-soil moistening and appropriate intra-soil mineral and organic matter, and waste application using Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) transcendental environmental services.</p><p>The soil-microbiological theoretical and technical fundamentals are useful for long-term soil improvement and environmentally safe and eсonomically efficient organic wastes recycling into the synthesized soil aggregate system. The transcendental intra-soil aggregate system construction, the pulse intra-soil continuously-discrete watering, dispersed intra-soil matter application are decisive for higher soil microbial activity and target polymicrobial infections and biofilms transformation into the environmentally safe fertile substances.</p><p>Comparative characterization of the polymicrobial community dynamics in colon and soils will help to promote the function of polymicrobial biofilms in the soil as a specific starter. The BGT* methodology is capable to ensure the soil fertility, improve the soil polymicrobial biofilms resistance, and provide the soil and human health.</p><p>The research was financially supported by the RFBR, projects no. 18-29-25071 and 19-29-05265.</p>

Bringing (Tracking) polymicrobial biofilms in Biogeosystem Technique methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Swidsinski ◽  
Valery Kalinichenko ◽  
Alexey Zavalin ◽  
Alexey Glinushkin ◽  
Abdulmalik Batukaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Polymicrobial Communities ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections ◽  
Aggregate System

<p>Organic biodegradation is a microbial controlled process that significantly influences soil fertility. The microorganisms involved are polymicrobial and organized in communities. Beyond this general statement, there are no reliable data available on the occurrence, structure and composition of polymicrobial biofilms in soil. The few published data are based on sequence analysis of unsystematically raised soil samples and provide no information to the involved biofilms, their structural organization or adherence to particles, which they are biodegrading.</p><p>The objective of the following proposal is tracking down polymicrobial communities and biofilms, which are responsible for biodegradation and which in turn, can be used as starter, indicator, and control tools for the targeted soil- and landscaping.</p><p>Over the last 30 years, the laboratory of polymicrobial infections and biofilms of the Charité hospital has developed multiple skills in identification, characterizing and monitoring of functional activity of polymicrobial biofilms in human body and gut specifically. One of the most striking results of these studies was the assessment, that bacteria within specific habitats of the mouth, tonsils, vagina or gut are not a faceless mixture of the once acquired participants, but structurally strictly ordered polymicrobial communities in which each participant takes its specific functional place.</p><p>Since the biofilms do not occur in all systems and at any time in relevant amounts, the mapping of biofilms is unavoidable and intentional. The assessment of polymicrobial communities on the FISH methods basis provides the biofilms mapping for the following objectives:</p><p>- identification of structured polymicrobial biofilms responsible for optimal composting, maximal soil fecundity, and reduction of environmental soil burden;</p><p>- modeling of soil fecundity based on polymicrobial starter and defined factors controlling their activity such as water supply, aerobe/anaerobe conditioning, pH, humic acids additives and other;</p><p>- testing of substrate bound polymicrobial biofilms as starter for the shaping of different lands and agricultures;</p><p>- development of soil-microbiological theoretical and technical fundamentals for the long-term soil improvement and efficient environmentally safe organic wastes recycling into the synthesized soil aggregate system under minimal sufficient intra-soil moistening and appropriate intra-soil mineral and organic matter, and waste load  (Biogeosystem Technique – BGT*).</p><p>The biochemical activity of the microorganisms till now is investigated solely in pure cultures. As soon as more than three different taxa are involved, the cultivation of microorganisms got problematic.</p><p>The main objective is the development of soil-microbiological theoretical and technical fundamentals for the long-term soil improvement and efficient environmentally safe organic wastes recycling in the synthesized soil aggregate system, for which microbial activity is decisive for polymicrobial infections and biofilms transformation into safe fertile substances.</p><p>Till now nothing is known about homology or interactions in arrangement and functioning of polymicrobial communities of colon and soil, and a new knowledge to fill this is needed.</p><p>Objectives of the study: to comparatively describe polymicrobial community dynamics in colon and soils; using BGT* methodology, to promote the function of polymicrobial biofilms in soil as a specific starter to insure the soil fertility, and to improve the human and soil health.</p>

scholarly journals The Rothamsted long-term experiments: Are they still relevant?

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Land Management Practice ◽  
Long Term Experiments

Maintaining soil fertility and sustaining or increasing crop yield is of worldwide importance. Many factors impact upon the complex biological, chemical and physical processes which govern soil fertility. Changes in fertility caused by acidification, declining levels of organic matter, or P and K status may take many years to appear. These properties can in turn be affected by external influences such as atmospheric pollution, global change, or changes in land management practice. Long-term experiments provide the best practical means of studying changes in soil properties and processes and providing information for farmers, scientists and policy makers. This paper shows how the experiments run at Rothamsted in southeast England continue to provide data which are highly relevant to today's agriculture and wider environmental concerns. Examples are given of how crop yield is affected by soil organic matter, by pests and disease and by P nutrition. The effect of atmospheric pollution on soil acidity and the mobilization of heavy metals are also examined. The need for making better use of existing long-term experiments is stressed. Key words: Soil fertility, sustainability, long-term experiments, global change

scholarly journals Impact of different fallow durations on soil aggregate structure and humus status parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Burdukovskii ◽  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
Polina Perepelkina ◽  
Yuliya Kosheleva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Humus Status

Soil aggregate structure and soil organic matter are closely interrelated and commonly considered as key indicators of soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fallow durations on indices of soil structure and humus status indicators. Studies were conducted on abandoned agricultural fields (15, 20 and, 35 years after abandonment). As a reference site, we used a cultivated field in the area. The experimental soil fields are classified as Gleyic Cambisols. Soil macroaggregates were separated with the sieve (dry sieve) to seven aggregate size fractions, i.e.&gt; 10, 10–5, 5–2, 2–1, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.25 and &lt; 0.25 mm. The humus status parameters of soils included the following indicators: soil organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), humus reserves (Q<sub>H</sub>), the degree of humification of organic matter (SOM<sub>dh</sub>), fractions of humic acids (HA) (free and bound with monovalent cations and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, bound with Са<sup>2+</sup> which forms humates, bound with clay minerals), fulvic acids (FA) (free aggressive) and ratio of HA to FA (C<sub>HA</sub><sub> </sub>: C<sub>FA</sub>). After a fallow period of more than 20 years on the surface formation of a sod layer. A long-term fallow period had an impact on the mean weight diameter of the aggregates (MWD) and agronomically valuable aggregates (AVA). Fallow soils have a significantly better structure than soils under a cultivated field. Long-term cultivation leads to the deterioration of soil structure and the formation of large aggregates (&gt;10 mm). The C<sub>org</sub> content remains at the level of the background content when the soils are left fallow for less than 15 years and increases over time. The C<sub>org</sub> in the upper 0–20 cm soil layer has been shown to increase from 3.55 to 8.74% on arable land that has been fallow for 35 years and has been largely associated with significant accumulation of organic matter within the plant root mass. Mature sites are characterized by an increase of fulvic acids in the humus composition in comparison with their arable analogues. The abandonment of soil agricultural use and the cessation of mechanical tillage results in the restoration of the natural structure of soils and the improvement of their agrophysical properties. Such studies have not been previously conducted in the Primorsky region of the Russian Far East.

scholarly journals ​Impact Assessment of Oil Exploration Activities on Soil Fertility in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Ojobor ◽  
O.F. Omovie-Stephen ◽  
O. Abirhire
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nutrient Index ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Background: Limited information on impact of oil exploration on soil fertility in Nigeria is hindering the efforts toward soil improvement. Hence, the impact of oil exploration on soil fertility in four local government areas (LGA), Delta State, Nigeria was evaluated in 2020. Methods: Two LGAs in oil producing (Ukwani, Ndokwa) and non oil producing (Aniocha South, Ika South) and three communities in each LGA and one crop largely cultivated was purposely chosen. Soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth at 10 meters intervals along transverses cut at 100 m apart. The samples were air-dried at room temperature, crushed and made to pass 2 mm sieve. Soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium were measured. Data were statistical analyzed and least significance difference at α0.05 was used to separate means while Parker’s nutrient index was used to rate the fertility. Result: Ukwani soil was strongly acidity (5.30), Ndokwa was moderately acidity (5.83) while Ika (6.61) and Aniocha (6.27) were slightly acidity. Organic matter (2.54 and 2.48%) and phosphorus (16.98 and 14.51 mg/kg) were medium in Ika and Aniocha whereas, both were low in Ukwani (1.49%, 10.14 mg/kg) and Ndokwa (1.74%, 12.52 mg/kg), respectively. Nitrogen was high in Ika (0.27%) and Aniocha (0.42%), medium in Ndokwa (0.18%) and low in Ukwani (0.15%). Potassium and sodium were high in Ika, Aniocha and Ukwani but medium in Ndokwa. Calcium was high in Ika, medium in Aniocha but low in Ndokwa and Ukwani. Magnesium was high in Ika, Aniocha and Ndokwa but was medium in Ukwani.

scholarly journals Managing soils for long-term productivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1356) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Syers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Tropics

Meeting the goal of long–term agricultural productivity requires that soil degradation be halted and reversed. Soil fertility decline is a key factor in soil degradation and is probably the major cause of declining crop yields. There is evidence that the contribution of declining soil fertility to soil degradation has been underestimated. Sensitivity to soil degradation is implicit in the assessment of the sustainability of land management practices, with wide recognition of the fact that soils vary in their ability to resist change and recover subsequent to stress. The concept of resilience in relation to sustainability requires further elaboration and evaluation. In the context of soil degradation, a decline in soil fertility is primarily interpreted as the depletion of organic matter and plant nutrients. Despite a higher turnover rate of organic matter in the tropics there is no intrinsic difference between the organic matter content of soils from tropical and temperate regions. The level of organic matter in a soil is closely related to the above and below ground inputs. In the absence of adequate organic material inputs and where cultivation is continuous, soil organic matter declines progressively. Maintaining the quantity and quality of soil organic matter should be a guiding principle in developing management practices Soil microbial biomass serves as an important reservoir of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S), and regulates the cycling of organic matter and nutrients. Because of its high turnover rate, microbial biomass reacts quickly to changes in management and is a sensitive indicator for monitoring and predicting changes in soil organic matter. Modelling techniques have been reasonably successful in predicting changes in soil organic matter with different organic material inputs, but there is little information from the tropics. Nutrient depletion through harvested crop components and residue removal, and by leaching and soil erosion accentuates the often very low inherent fertility of many soils in the tropics. An integrated approach involving inorganic and organic inputs is required where animal and plant residues are returned, as far as practicable. Chemical fertilizers alone cannot achieve long–term productivity on many soils and organic material inputs are required to maintain soil organic matter levels and crop productivity. A major research effort is required to develop improved strategies for halting and reversing soil degradation if long–term productivity is to be secured.

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CHARACTERISTICS AFTER LONG-TERM CROPPING TO VARIOUS SPRING WHEAT ROTATIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Soil from a long-term crop rotation study conducted at Lethbridge, Alberta was analyzed to determine the influence of various spring wheat rotations with and without perennial forages on total and mineralizable soil organic matter contents. Crop rotations considered included: continuous wheat (W), fallow-wheat (FW), fallow-wheat-wheat (FWW), and fallow-wheat-wheat-forage-forage-forage (FWWAAA) in which the forage was a mixture of alfalfa and crested wheat grass. The organic C and N contents of soil after 33 yr of cropping were highest in treatments W and FWWAAA, and decreased with increasing frequency of fallow in the rotation. The inclusion of the perennial forage in the rotation did not increase organic C and N levels above those observed in the continuous wheat treatment (W). Differences in levels of mineralizable organic matter among treatments, as measured in laboratory incubations, were much greater than differences in total organic matter content among treatments. In the surface soil layer (0–15 cm), N mineralization was significantly higher in treatment W than in treatments FWW and FWWAAA, and was more than twice that observed in treatment FW. In the subsurface soil layer (15–30 cm), N mineralization was greatest in treatment FWWAAA when sampled just after the plowdown of forage. Effects of crop rotation on C mineralization were similar to those observed for N. Levels of mineralized organic matter were closely related to levels of "light fraction" material (specific gravity < 1.59 g cm−3), which is believed to consist primarily of incompletely decomposed organic matter of plant origin. Differences in amounts of mineralizable organic matter among treatments were attributed to varying frequencies and patterns of crop residue additions. The pronounced effects of crop rotation on the distribution of organic matter among labile and humified organic matter will have a strong impact on soil fertility and may need to be taken into consideration in the development of fertilizer recommendations. It was concluded that inclusion of perennial forages in spring wheat rotations for the purpose of enhancing soil fertility and organic matter levels was not justified under semiarid conditions. Key words: Carbon, nitrogen, mineralization

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