ADHESION OF BITUMINOUS BINDERS WITH AGGREGATES IN THE CONTEXT OF SURFACE DRESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR ROAD PAVEMENTS TREATMENT

In this article the study is done for the adhesion of aggregates coming from various granite quarries of Ukraine with bituminous binder, namely with bitumen emulsion – for application in surface dressing technology for road pavements treatment. In the article there are used the Ukrainian and European testing methods for determination of adhesion in the “bitumen – aggregate” system. According to the Ukrainian method, there was determined the adhesion of residual binder with the chips surface after boiling in the distilled water and in the solution of glycerin and distilled water. As the European method, for the studies there was used Vialit Plate Shock Test. There were developed three bitumen emulsion formulations.

Soil polymicrobial biofilms resistance increasing using Biogeosystem Technique transcendental environmental services

<p>Soil organic matter biodegradation is an agent of the soil fertility and passivation of the hazardous substances including heavy metals. Bacteria within specific habitats, be it the mouth, tonsils, intestines, gut, vagina, or soil are not a faceless mixture of the once acquired participants, but the structurally strictly ordered polymicrobial communities where each participant takes its specific functional place. The conditions for polymicrobial biofilms in the soil are important.</p><p>The aim was tracking down the structural organization and adherence to soil particles of the polymicrobial communities and biofilms, responsible for biodegradation.  Polymicrobial communities and biofilms can be used as a starter, indicator, and control tools for the targeted soil and landscape improvements. Multiple skills in identification, characterizing and monitoring of functional activity of polymicrobial biofilms in the human body and gut were developed in the laboratory of polymicrobial infections and biofilms of the Charité hospital over the past 30 years. The biofilms do not occur in all systems and at any time in relevant amounts. The biochemical activity of the microorganisms till now is investigated solely in pure cultures. As soon as more than three different taxa are involved, the cultivation of the target microorganisms got problematic. The mapping of biofilms by the FISH method is promising for the following objectives in the soil system:</p><p>- identification of the structured polymicrobial biofilms for optimal composting, soil fertility, and a healthy environment;</p><p>- revealing modelling the polymicrobial starter of soil fertility;</p><p>- polymicrobial biofilms activity ensuring via control of the soil architecture, soil moisture and aeration;</p><p>- aerobe/anaerobe conditioning, pH, humic acids, and organic and mineral fertilizers, amelioration and remediation additives;</p><p>- testing of the substrate-bound polymicrobial biofilms as a starter for the shaping of different lands and agricultures.</p><p>Development of the soil-microbiological theoretical and technical fundamentals for the long-term soil improvement and environmentally safe organic wastes recycling and heavy metal passivation into the synthesized soil multilevel aggregate system under minimal intra-soil moistening and appropriate intra-soil mineral and organic matter, and waste application using Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) transcendental environmental services.</p><p>The soil-microbiological theoretical and technical fundamentals are useful for long-term soil improvement and environmentally safe and eсonomically efficient organic wastes recycling into the synthesized soil aggregate system. The transcendental intra-soil aggregate system construction, the pulse intra-soil continuously-discrete watering, dispersed intra-soil matter application are decisive for higher soil microbial activity and target polymicrobial infections and biofilms transformation into the environmentally safe fertile substances.</p><p>Comparative characterization of the polymicrobial community dynamics in colon and soils will help to promote the function of polymicrobial biofilms in the soil as a specific starter. The BGT* methodology is capable to ensure the soil fertility, improve the soil polymicrobial biofilms resistance, and provide the soil and human health.</p><p>The research was financially supported by the RFBR, projects no. 18-29-25071 and 19-29-05265.</p>

Concrete Mix Design for Completely Recycled Fine Aggregate by Modified Packing Density Method

The undesirable properties of conventional recycled fine aggregate (RFA) often limit its application in the construction industry. To overcome this challenge, a method for preparing completely recycled fine aggregate (CRFA), which crushes all concrete waste only into fine aggregate, was proposed. The obtained CRFA had high apparent density, and its water absorption was lower than that of the conventional RFA. To take advantage of the CRFA, this paper introduced the modified packing density method for the CRFA concrete mix design. The modified packing density method took account of the powder with a particle size of smaller than 75 μm in the CRFA and balanced both the void ratio and the specific surface area of the aggregate system. Concrete (grade C55) was prepared using the CRFA to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. The unit price of the prepared CRFA concrete was around 12.7% lower than that of the natural aggregate concrete. Additionally, the proposed procedure for the concrete mixture design could recycle all concrete waste into the new concrete and replace all the natural fine aggregate in the concrete mixture.