Minimal setup for neutron background measurements - summary of the BSUIN project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Jedrzejczak ◽  
jacek Szabelski ◽  
Marcin Kasztelan ◽  
Marika Przybylak ◽  
Przemysław Tokarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Neutron Background ◽  
Specific Measurement

<p>The BSUIN project conducted pilot measurements to test methods for characterizing underground laboratories for natural background radioactivity (NRB). One of the components of NRB that requires specific measurement methods is the neutron background.<br>The goal of our team was to developing a reference setup for neutron background measurements.</p><p>Our idea was to build a setup for measuring neutrons as simple as possible, but not simpler. The price and<br>universality of the measurement setup are important parameters, but the reliability of the result is also very<br>important. It is because the neutron flux in underground laboratories is usually very low and it is easy to<br>make a mistake in interpreting of the results.</p><p>The basics of our method will be presented, as well as the assessment of possible measurement errors and the transactional experience gained during measurements at six different locations in four mines.</p>

Comparison of Sand Patch Test and Multi Laser Profiler in Pavement Surface Measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Muhammad Fudhail Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Sand Patch

Pavement surface texture has been assessed with variety of test methods such as sand patch test and multi laser profiler. In recent years, road administrations face the issues of handling data acquired by totally different methods and the inconsistent correlation between different methods. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine and compare the texture depth value of road pavement measured by different methods namely sand patch test and multi laser profiler. This paper compares the results of two measurement methods for pavement surface macro texture which referred as mean texture depth (MTD). Tests were conducted along North–South Expressway, between km 110.5 and km 107.2 (Southbound). T-test analysis shows that there is statistically significance difference on the result obtained between these methods along emergency lane. However for slow lanes,it was found that there is no significance between sand patch test and laser based measurement. Regression analysis shows that the coefficient of correlation, R obtained from emergency lane is 0.3719 and slow lane is 0.4579. These results generally conclude that there were weak correlations between the result of these two measurement techniques.

scholarly journals Biasplot: A Package to Effective Plots to Assess Bias and Precision in Method Comparison Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Taffé ◽  
Mingkai Peng ◽  
Vicki Stagg ◽  
Tyler Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Limits Of Agreement

Bland and Altman's (1986, Lancet 327: 307–310) limits of agreement have been used in many clinical research settings to assess agreement between two methods of measuring a quantitative characteristic. However, when the variances of the measurement errors of the two methods differ, limits of agreement can be misleading. biasplot implements a new statistical methodology that Taffé (Forthcoming, Statistical Methods in Medical Research) recently developed to circumvent this issue and assess bias and precision of the two measurement methods (one is the reference standard, and the other is the new measurement method to be evaluated). biasplot produces three new plots introduced by Taffé: the “bias plot”, “precision plot”, and “comparison plot”. These help the investigator visually evaluate the performance of the new measurement method. In this article, we introduce the user-written command biasplot and present worked examples using simulated data included with the package. Note that the Taffé method assumes there are several measurements from the reference standard and possibly as few as one measurement from the new method for each individual.

Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH A. BOLLEN ◽  
PAMELA PAXTON
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Specific Measurement ◽  
Cross National

Using democracy in empirical work requires accurate measurement. Yet, most policy and academic research presupposes the accuracy of available measures. This article explores judge-specific measurement errors in cross-national indicators of liberal democracy. The authors evaluate the magnitude of these errors in widely used measures of democracy and determine whether their results replicate during a 17-year period (1972 to 1988). Then, they examine the nature of these systematic errors, hypothesizing that three different processes—(a) the information available for rating, (b) the judges' processing of this information, and (c) the method by which a judge's processing decisions are translated into a rating—could create error. The authors find that for the 17-year period from 1972 to 1988, there is unambiguous evidence of judge-specific measurement errors, which are related to traits of the countries. In the conclusion, the authors discuss the implications for democracy research and for other subjective measures.

A Bio-Inspired Phenomena in Cementitious Materials

2016 ◽  
pp. 220-246
Author(s):  
Onur Üzüm ◽  
Özge Andiç Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter, a deep analyse of a bio-inspired phenomenon starting with broad definitions of included mechanisms is provided. Since establishing an understanding starts with drawing the boundaries of a concept, foremost the definition of related terms are discussed in detail. Afterwards, the importance and history of self-healing phenomenon including the relevant concepts are presented. In order to facilitate the classification, the relevant sub-chapters present two main classes namely autogenic and autonomic healing. Nevertheless, the concepts and mechanisms under these two main topics are also discussed in detail. Finally, evaluation of self-healing mechanisms, tests conducted to determine whether self-healing took place, the indicators of measurement methods, using materials and test methods are given in full detail.

Simulation and Analysis of Measurement Method for Projectile Axial Acceleration by MEMS Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 461-465
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Huo ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Ke Yu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Acceleration Measurement ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Axial Acceleration ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Ballistic Trajectory

Measurement of axial acceleration is necessary for projectile range prediction. Three measurement methods, dual-accelerometer configuration, dual-accelerometer filtering and direct filtering, are used to eliminate acceleration measurement errors caused by accelerometer configuration location, installation errors and space rotating of projectiles. Based on six-degree ballistic trajectory model, the three measurement methods of projectile axial acceleration are simulated, and the simulation results show that standard deviation of dual-accelerometer configuration measurement error is 35.7318, while standard deviation of dual-accelerometer filtering measurement error is 2.2958 and direct filtering measurement error is 0.3344.

scholarly journals A comparison of X-ray stress measurement methods based on the fundamental equation

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Miyazaki ◽  
Toshihiko Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Vector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Equations

Stress measurement methods using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods are based on so-called fundamental equations. The fundamental equation is described in the coordinate system that best suits the measurement situation, and so making a comparison between different XRD methods is not straightforward. However, by using the diffraction vector representation, the fundamental equations of different methods become identical. Furthermore, the differences between the various XRD methods reside in the choice of diffraction vectors and the way of calculating the stress from the measured data. The stress calculation methods can also be unified using the general least-squares method, which is a common least-squares method of multivariate analysis. Thus, the only difference between these methods turns out to be in the choice of the set of diffraction vectors. In the light of these ideas, three commonly used XRD methods are compared: the sin2ψ method, the XRD2 method and the cosα method, using the estimation of the measurement errors. The XRD2 method with 33 frames (data acquisitions) shows the best accuracy. On the other hand, the accuracy of the cosα method with three frames is comparable to that of the XRD2 method.

Non-Destructive and Semi-Destructive Test Methods for Strength Determination of Aged Wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Anton Kraler ◽  
Wilfried Beikircher
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

To what extent is there a change in the strength of wood over the course of centuries, when installed under a constant load? Are there non-destructive measurement methods for the determination of strength that are suitable for this investigation? These two questions were the starting point of this research project. Through experience we have learned that the strength of wood is dependent on the growth regions and climatic conditions in which it originates. For example, over centuries, in a northern Italian valley, there were commonly known and clearly defined areas which provided the wood for the construction of the local buildings. Another decisive factor for selecting this research region was that the buildings concerned had already been dated by means of dendrochronology. This created a unique situation in that the strength of the timber in these buildings, which cover about nine centuries (1250 to present), could be compared and analyzed. Local spruce and larch used in the construction typical of this region were selected for the investigations. Starting with 1250AD (the oldest dated wood construction) and in consecutive steps of 100 years, two projects (of the entire 18 projects) are selected and explored. Three non-destructive and respectively semi-destructive measurement methods were used for the strength testing. The measurement devices are: for drill resistance measuring IML-RESI F400S, for the fractometer tests (bending and compression tests) IML-Instrumenta Mechanik Labor Gmbh. For ultrasonic testing the device Sylvatest duo is used. So the validity of the measurement systems used could be brought into relation with the actual strength. Some small, flawless samples (without knots) from selected projects were removed and then tested in a laboratory with the universal testing machine Shimadzu 100KN.

scholarly journals Eccentricity in Images of Circular and Spherical Targets and its Impact to 3D Object Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Image Measurement ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
3D Object Reconstruction ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Circle Centre ◽  
Best Fit

This paper discusses a feature of projective geometry which causes eccentricity in the image measurement of circular and spherical targets. While it is commonly known that flat circular targets can have a significant displacement of the elliptical image centre with respect to the true imaged circle centre, it can also be shown that the a similar effect exists for spherical targets. Both types of targets are imaged with an elliptical contour. As a result, if measurement methods based on ellipses are used to detect the target (e.g. best-fit ellipses), the calculated ellipse centre does not correspond to the desired target centre in 3D space. This paper firstly discusses the use and measurement of circular and spherical targets. It then describes the geometrical projection model in order to demonstrate the eccentricity in image space. Based on numerical simulations, the eccentricity in the image is further quantified and investigated. Finally, the resulting effect in 3D space is estimated for stereo and multi-image intersections. It can be stated that the eccentricity is larger than usually assumed, and must be compensated for high-accuracy applications. Spherical targets do not show better results than circular targets. The paper is an updated version of Luhmann (2014) new experimental investigations on the effect of length measurement errors.

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