The main directions of improving the efficiency of quality of life management of the population

The purpose of the article is to review and study the main directions of improving the efficiency of quality of life management of the population. The level of living is a quantitative characteristic of the lifestyle in general, which is usually used to determine the statistics and other data that are taken into account. The methodology for assessing the level and quality of life of the population as a whole is an important analytical tool of the state socio-economic policy. This article proposes to use the methodology for assessing and analyzing the quality of life of the population of the Kyzylorda region. The study will help answer the challenges and present regional problems of the current state of the quality of life in the regions of the country, as well as in the districts of the region. In a modern market economy, the quality of life of the population is different in different regions of the country, and according to statistics, the quality of life of the population and the consumer basket is high in regions with concentrated production. In addition, this article includes important indicators for assessing the quality of life of the population in the regions of the country.

Development of the automated system for assessing radiation risks to the population of the Russian Federation based on the data of radiation-hygienic certification of territories

The assessment of the radiation risk based on the data of the radiation-hygienic passports of the territories makes it possible to give a brief quantitative characteristic of the negative impact of sources of ionizing radiation on the health of the population of various regions of the Russian Federation at the population level. The calculation of individual indicators of radiation risk for the population of particular region of the Russian Federation is a time-consuming task that requires referring to radiation-hygienic passports of territories for particular years. Therefore, the purpose of the performed work was to develop specialized software designed to assess the indicators of radiation risk to the population of the Russian Federation according to the data of the radiation-hygienic certification system of territories. Automation of the calculation of radiation risk allows not only to simplify the calculation procedure but also to carry out a spatial-temporal analysis of risk in dynamics for different regions of the Russian Federation over long periods. The methodological basis for the software development is guideline MR 2.6.1.0145-19 “Calculation of radiation risk according to the data contained in the radiation-hygienic passports of the territories to provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of the radiation safety status of the population of the subjects of the Russian Federation”. To achieve the set goal, two computer programs were developed: 1) to automate the process of calculating radiation risk based on the information contained in the radiation-hygienic passports of territories, a computer program “Calculation of radiation risk indicators according to RGPT data”; 2) for the spatial visualization of the calculations, a specialized geographic information system “Radiation risks of the population of the Russian Federation according to radiation-hygienic certification data”. The computer programs developed in the course of the work allow an automated calculation of radiation risk based on the data of radiation-hygienic passports of territories, visualize the spatially distributed results of calculating radiation risk, carry out a preliminary assessment of the state of radiation safety, based on the data contained in radiation-hygienic passports of territories using radiation risk indicators.

DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGE OF THE LIVER WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PREDICTING ABSTINENCE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

Objective. To assess the diagnostic role of diffusion-weighted images of the liver with magnetic resonance imaging in predicting abstinence disorders in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Methods. A total of 122 patients with ALD aged 48±5.4 years were examined. The survey algorithm we used included: performing liver DWI with MRI (n=122) with b-value values of 100/600/1000, ultrasound of abdominal organs with clinical elastography – 97 (80%) patients. Trepan liver biopsy was chosen as a reference method (n=64). Results. The patients were monitored for 2.5 years. The terms of follow-up were selected individually, depending on the results of clinical and laboratory research methods. A high correlation was established (r=0.879), when comparing clinical elastography and quantitative indicators of DWI of the liver, at admission and during dynamic observation of patients, also at the middle level, the data obtained correlated with the results of trephine biopsy of the liver (r=0.721). After 3 months, 6 (15%) of 40 patients showed normalization of biochemical blood test parameters with no diffusion restriction according to the results of DWI of the liver. Based on the results obtained, a high correlation was noted between changes in the biochemical blood test and MRI data in the DWI mode. After 9 months of follow-up, according to DWI data, 34 patients showed persistence of cytolysis syndrome and limited diffusion on DWI of the liver. After collecting an additional history and clarifying the details of the lifestyle of the patients' relatives, it was found that these patients continued to consume alcoholic beverages against the background of the received treatment, which was manifested by the presence of diffusion restriction on MRI in the DWI mode, which was a magnetic resonance sign of the presence of inflammatory processes in the structure of the parenchyma liver. After 12 months, positive dynamics – the absence of diffusion restriction according to the results of DWI of the liver was noted in 34 patients, which indicates the effectiveness of using the qualitative characteristics of DWI of the liver to assess the violation of the abstinence regimen (AUROC=0.906 (95% CI 0.872-0.916)). But in 16 (13%) patients from this group, changes in the biochemical blood test were noted, but no diffusion limitation was noted according to the DWI of the liver. Patients (n=16) underwent a correction of the received treatment – after 1 month there was a positive trend. There was a correlation of quantitative parameters of DWI of the liver with clinical forms of ALD, regardless of the presence or absence of diffusion restriction (r=0.936). Next, we assessed the prognostic and diagnostic significance of the developed criteria for DWI of the liver for patients with ALD on admission. The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of using the diagnostic and prognostic model of MRI in the DWI mode for patients with ALD on admission and in dynamic observation. Conclusions. 1. A high correlation was found between the quantitative parameters of DWI of the liver and clinical elastography (r=0.879) at admission and follow-up. Average correlation relationship of DWI of the liver with the results of trephine biopsy of the liver in patients with ALD on admission and follow-up (r=0.721). There was a high correlation between the results of DWI of the liver on MRI with the data of clinical and laboratory parameters in dynamic observation of patients with ALD: no diffusion limitation – positive (r=0.887); yes – negative (r=0.887). The high prognostic and diagnostic value of DWI of the liver in assessing the violation of the abstinence regimen in patients with ALD was established (AUROC=0.906 (95% CI 0.872-0.916)). Prognostic and diagnostic criteria for liver DWI on MRI in patients with ALD at admission: qualitative characteristic – AUROC=0.846 (95% CI 0.811-0.862), quantitative characteristic – AUROC=0.909 (95% CI 0.879-0.912); with dynamic observation: qualitative characteristic – AUROC=0.949 (95% CI 0.907-0.965), quantitative characteristic – AUROC=0.917 (95% CI 0.876-0.932).

Morphological, ultrastructural and brightness quantitative characteristics of Helicobacter pylori electronic microscopic images

Using an original computer program, a quantitative characteristic of the structural features of the cultures of two reference strains of Helicobacter pylori, identified by transmission electron microscopy, was performed. The results obtained made it possible to establish morphological, ultrastructural and brightness differences between individual bacterial cells of the studied strains. The proposed program, compiled in accordance with the requirements of computer vision technology, makes it possible to detect differences in the structure of bacterial cells that are not detected by visual assessment, and also opens up the possibility of studying the phenotypic heterogeneity of isogenic populations of Helicobacter pylori and its pathogenic significance.

Composites Based on Natural Polymers and Microbial Biomass for Biosorption of Brilliant Red HE-3B Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solutions

Natural polymers have proven to be extremely interesting matrices for the immobilization of microbial biomasses, via various mechanisms, in order to bring them into a form easier to handle—the form of composites. This article aimed to study composites based on a residual microbial biomass immobilized in sodium alginate via an encapsulation technique as materials with adsorbent properties. Thus, this study focused on the residual biomass resulting from beer production (Saccharomyces pastorianus yeast, separated after the biosynthesis process by centrifugation and dried at 80 °C)—an important source of valuable compounds, used either as a raw material or for transformation into final products with added value. Thus, the biosorptive potential of this type of composite was tested—presenting in the form of spherical microcapsules 900 and 1500 μm in diameter—in a biosorption process applied to aqueous solutions containing the reactive dye Brilliant Red HE-3B (16.88–174.08 mg/L), studied in a batch system. The preparation and characterization of the obtained polymeric composites (pHPZC, SEM, EDS and FTIR spectra) and an analysis of different equilibrium isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich—D–R) were investigated in order to estimate the quantitative characteristic parameters of the biosorption process, its thermal effects, and its possible mechanisms of action. The modelling of the experimental data led to the conclusion that the studied biosorption process took place after reaching the Langmuir isotherm (LI), and that the main mechanism was possibly physical, being spontaneous and probably exothermic according to the values obtained for the free energy of biosorption (E = 8.45–13.608 kJ/mol, from the DR equation), as well as the negative values for the Gibbs free energy and the enthalpy of biosorption (ΔH0 = −87.795 kJ/mol). The results obtained lead to the conclusion that encapsulation of this residual microbial biomass in sodium alginate leads to an easier-to-handle form of biomass, thus being an efficient biosorbent for static or dynamic operating systems for effluents containing moderate concentrations of reactive organic dyes.

Decision-making system with homo and hetero elements

Experts from all over the world provide an opportunity in filling decision-making systems. But the filling of decision-making systems with data does not have an exact quantitative characteristic. It is good when the expert is completely confident in the decision. But some decisions can add up to their own internal assessment without justification or experimentation. Other decisions are hampered by past experience. To overcome this type of problem, it is necessary to develop a system that will be based on clear and fuzzy data behaviour. This article is aimed at describing the method for constructing a decision-making system on clear and fuzzy data using Petri nets.

Diachronic Changes in the Frequency of Color Designation in Russian Poetic Texts

We propose a statistical-diachronic approach to the description of color designations in poetic texts in Russian. Methods of corpus linguistics and the semantic annotation of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) applied in the research have revealed certain patterns of change in the frequency ` in poetic texts from 1750 to 1999. A quantitative characteristic of the poetic corpus of the RNC is presented by decades of the period under study. We also provide a general description of its poetry corpus (number of texts, number of authors, searching techniques, the semantic annotation, etc.). Also presented is the authors' classification of adjectives with the color tag of the semantic annotation.The study has revealed the RNC inconsistency in the assignment of color tags during the semantic annotation. In the authors’ opinion, this defect could affect the results of the study; however, the spotted tendencies in frequency behavior of color adjectives seem to be reliable.The research method is based on the comparison of statistical indicators for each decade in the specified range. Accordingly, the charts are plotted with reference to the average values for the range, unlike the RNC Charts tool, where a chart is based on the points for each year with a smoothing coefficient. Also, the indicators in the poetic corpus are compared with the corresponding data in the prose corpus. It has been reliably established that in the texts of the poetry corpus the frequency of color designations is higher than in the texts from basic, newspaper and oral corpora regardless of the part of speech the words belong to. The highest frequency (IPM) values of all adjectives that have the color tag of the RNC semantic annotation are observed in the last decades of the 19th - first decades of the 20th centuries. The frequency behavior of adjectives belonging to different classes differs significantly in different periods. In the texts of the 18th century, the analogous adjectives (or the adjectives of secondary nomination, such as златой (golden), янтарный (amber), etc.) prevail. In the texts of the 19th century adjectives – quasi-colors, (such as светлый (light), тёмный (dark), бледный (pale), etc.) are most frequent whereas in the texts of the 20th century the color adjectives per se have the highest frequency. While ranking the data selected from all the periods in the descending order, the first 28 ranks were occupied by the adjectives denoting achromatic colors – black and white. The article also defines prospects for our further research of color designations in Russian: specifying classification of color adjectives, looking at statistical aspects of their polysemy, and comparison of their use frequency by individual authors.

EXPERT DECISION-MAKING SYSTEMS

An approach to making complex technical and economic decisions is proposed in cases where there is insufficient (or no) information about the experimental statistical data necessary for the construction of regression models of criterion functions. The situation is aggravated when a decision is made according to several conflicting quality criteria. In conditions of an acute shortage of experimental data, it is proposed to obtain the necessary information («quasi-experimental» data) from experts - specialists with sufficient experience in making decisions for the class in question. A qualified specialist (expert) with sufficient experience in making decisions for this class can perform a thought experiment. He must imagine what, in his opinion, the levels of criterion functions will be at various reference points of factors. The method is based on an individual opinion (postulate), expressed by a specialist-expert about the estimated value, based on his professional experience. To assess a certain quantitative characteristic, the postulates of not one, but several persons competent in this issue are used. It is assumed that the «true» value of the unknown quantitative characteristic is within the range of expert assessments and the «generalized» collective opinion is more reliable. To solve the problem under consideration, a multicriteria optimization approach is taken using a nonlinear trade-off scheme. This study makes it possible to identify the main trends in the development of multi-criteria decision-making systems in the absence (or lack) of experimental data. A model example is given.

SONOCHEMICAL PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL AND BIOLOGICAL МАТЕRIALS

Проанализированы технологически значимые факторы, обеспечивающие возможности управления сонохимическими процессами. Выявлены качественные и количественные закономерности влияния акустических воздействий на химические процессы в гомогенных и в гетерогенных реакционных системах. Показано, что сонохимический эффект может быть не только положительным (инициирование химической реакции), но и отрицательным (подавление реакции). Соответственно, в экстремальном случае возможен сонохимический резонанс (максимум эффективности акустического воздействия) либо сонохимический антирезонанс (минимум эффективности акустического воздействия). Акустическая обработка конденсированных сред в режиме стоячей волны позволяет контролировать характерный размер частиц плотных фракций: укрупнять частицы кристаллического осадка (соноиндуцированный эффект Тананаева) либо, наоборот, измельчать плотную фазу без использования мелющих тел. The paper deals with technologically essential factors governing sonochemical processes. Qualitative and quantitative characteristic features of sonoinduced chemical processes in homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction systems are revealed and discussed. A sonochemical effect can be either positive (promoting a reaction) or negative (suppressing a reaction). In an extreme case a sonochemical resonance or a sonochemical antiresonance can occur. Ultrasonic processing condensed media in a standing-wave regime enables to control the grain size of dense fractions. Namely, the sediment grain size can be enhanced (Tananayev sonoinduced effect) or, vice versa, a dense phase can be comminuted without grinding.

The digital generation: New educational needs

The article discusses the pedagogical feasibility of using innovative intellectual immersive technologies in the educational process, corresponding to the pace and needs of digital society development. The features of teaching the digital generation of students are highlighted. The specificity of educational and cognitive activity and the peculiarities of the development of cognitive interest in future IT-specialists in the process of studying specialized disciplines are determined. It is proposed to consider a constructivist approach to learning, which implies the creation of a modal, functional, communicative learning environment, which, in turn, contributes to the self-construction and development of student’ own cognitive trajectory. Arguments are given in favor of the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in teaching “digital natives” studying in the IT-field (direction of training 09.03.01 “Informatics and Computer Engineering”). Empirical data are presented that prove the positive influence of educational AR-content on the level of student engagement. The coefficient of student engagement is a quantitative characteristic to assess the state of interest in the educational material in the discipline “Computer Networks and Telecommunications”. The student engagement rate was established by collecting subjective data, which are not directly observable, and are revealed in the course of students’ self-assessment of their learning activities.