Defining potential multi-hazard and multi-risk combinations for infrastructure and other economic sectors using empirical pan-European examples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Daniell ◽  
Andreas Schaefer ◽  
Jens Skapski ◽  
Roberth Romero ◽  
Philip Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
European Database ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Eu Project

<p>A new complex world is emerging where a natural hazards event in a certain location, can have significant impacts on a different location either interlinked via economic sectors, infrastructure systems or other social relationships. In the past this was often not able to be quantified, but with increased reporting we are able to define these interactions better than previously.</p><p>For a single location, multiple hazards can also occur in tandem, or one after another causing impacts or as a standalone. However, standalone events currently take on a whole new complexity with coronavirus protocols.</p><p>Within the course of the EU project NARSIS (New Approach to Reactor Safety ImprovementS), sites of decommissioned nuclear power plants (NPPs) were investigated for external hazards combinations using a multi-hazard approach which took into account the joint probabilities including operational times and the effects of subsequent events. Here, different external hazards were applied such as tornadoes, lightning, earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions in tandem calibrated on historical events.</p><p>In this work, we build a pan-European database using the backbone of CATDAT to define multi-hazard events of relevance with overlapping hazard and loss effects including events in 2020 and 2021 with significant effects due to coronavirus in combination with another hazard. We focus on the 1980-2021 time period within this database, although many older events have also been collected.</p><p>In the year 2020, numerous events including the Croatian and Greece/Turkey earthquakes, medicanes, bushfires and many flood and storm events showed the complexity of combining multi-hazard protocols concurrently.</p><p>The database will be extended within the MYRIAD-EU project in order to inform a multi-risk, multi-sector, systemic approach to risk management. Using empirical examples of socio-economic effects is one key step to understand the overlaps, and important within the calibration process of any multi-risk model.</p>

Blowout preventer (BOP) risk model to assist critical decisions in offshore drilling

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Inge Alme ◽  
Angel Casal ◽  
Trygve Leinum ◽  
Helge Flesland
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Drilling Rig

The BOP is a critical safety system of an offshore drilling rig, as shown in the 2010 Macondo accident. A challenge for the oil and gas industry is to decide what to do when the BOP is failing. Pulling the BOP to the surface during operations for inspection and testing is a costly and timely operation. Many of the potential failures are not critical to overall safety as multiple levels of redundancy are often available. Scandpower and Moduspec, both subsidiaries of Lloyd’s Register, have developed a BOP risk model that will assist the industry make the pull or no pull decisions. Scandpower’s proprietary software RiskSpectrum is used for the modelling. This software is used for equivalent decision support in the nuclear power industry, where the risk levels of total nuclear power plants are monitored live by operators in the control rooms. By modelling existing BOPs and their submerged control systems, and using risk monitor software for keeping track on the status of the BOP subsystems and components, the industry is able to define the real-time operational risk level the BOP is operating at. It, therefore, allows the inclusion for sensitivity modelling with possible faulty components factored in the model. The main task of the risk model is to guide and support energy companies and regulators in the decision process when considering whether to pull the BOP for repairs. Moreover, it will help the communication with the regulators, since the basis for the decisions are more traceable and easier to follow for a third party.

Crack Growth due to Flow Mixing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. C. Hannink ◽  
F. J. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Growth Analyses

Abstract Turbulent mixing of hot and cold flows can lead to thermal fatigue of piping systems. Especially in primary pipework of nuclear power plants this is an important, safety related issue. Because the frequencies of the involved temperature fluctuations are generally too high to be detected well by common plant instrumentation, accurate numerical simulations are indispensable for a proper fatigue assessment. In this paper, fatigue crack growth analyses are presented for turbulent mixing in a T-junction. The temperatures in the fluid and the pipe were calculated by large eddy simulations with conjugate heat transfer, and the resulting stresses in the pipe by the finite element method. The stresses in the pipe wall have subsequently been used as input for crack growth analyses, which were performed according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI (2017). The time to a through-wall crack has been calculated for different temperature differences between the hot and cold flows. The analyses presented in this paper have been performed in preparation for the analyses of the EU project ATLAS+. In that project similar analyses will be performed on a different configuration.

scholarly journals To Whom Should We Grant a Power Plant? Economic Effects of Investment in Nuclear Energy in Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zawalińska ◽  
Jouko Kinnunen ◽  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Dorota Celińska-Janowicz
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Technical Parameters

Poland is the most coal-dependent economy and one of the biggest polluters in the EU. In order to alleviate this problem, meet CO2 emission requirements set by EU, and improve the country’s energy security, Poland decided to introduce nuclear power to its energy mix. So far, several potential locations for nuclear power plants have been officially proposed, mainly based on technical parameters, but no comparisons of the economic impact of such locations have been considered. Consequently, the main goal of this paper is to compare the national and regional economic effects of investments in nuclear power plants—for both the construction and exploitation phases—in the four most probable locations, which are similarly beneficial from a technical point of view. In order to simulate these effects, the spatial recursive dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model was calibrated until 2050 including agglomeration effects and featuring the regional economies of all Polish regions. The results show that although the construction phase is beneficial for economic development in all four regions, the exploitation phase is good for only one. The economies of the other regions suffer, to a greater or lesser extent, from the Dutch disease. The paper argues that the regional economic effects of such an investment differ significantly, due to differences in the regions’ economic structures; hence, they should always be taken into account in the final decisions on the power plants’ locations.

Principal Bases of the VERLIFE – Unified Procedure for Lifetime Assessment of Components and Piping in WWER NPPs During Operation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Brumovsky
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Mutual Agreement

Main goal of the project within the European Community 5th Framework Program was in a preparation, evaluation and mutual agreement of a “Unified Procedure for Lifetime Assessment of Components and Piping in WWER Type Nuclear Power Plants”. This procedure should be based on former Soviet rules and codes, as WWER components were designed and manufactured in accordance with requirements of these codes and from prescribed materials. Then, critical analysis of possible application of some approaches used in PWR type components was performed and such approaches have been incorporated into the prepared procedure as much as possible with the aim of a harmonization of WWER and PWR Codes and procedures. Preparation of a Unified Procedure for WWERs operating in Finland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary and Bulgaria will increase the level of lifetime/integrity evaluation in these countries and will help to elaborate a unified approach and fully comparable results between individual plants and countries. Then, harmonization with PWR codes allows to obtain results that will be comparable, reliable and more sophisticated as similar approaches will be used in both types of reactors. The paper described main principles, approaches and achievements of the “Unified Procedure...”. mainly in the part of lifetime, non-ductile failure assessment, defect allowance and reactor dosimetry. Next, paper describes also the continuation on the VERLIFE upgrading and updating that was performed within another EU project COVERS with the participation of experts also from the EU countries.

The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
John D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

Work structure in nuclear power plants

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Bauman ◽  
Richard F. Pain ◽  
Harold P. Van Cott ◽  
Margery K. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Work Structure

Life Extension of Nuclear Power Plants: World Situation and the USA Case

2010 ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo T. León ◽  
Loreto Cuesta ◽  
Eduardo Serra ◽  
Luis Yagüe
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
The Usa

Modeling and analysis of aging behavior of concrete structures in nuclear power plants

2011 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Joseph Y. R. Rashid ◽  
Randy J. James ◽  
Robert S. Dunham,
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Modeling And Analysis

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

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