Isotopic evidence for axial tree stem methane oxidation within subtropical lowland forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Jeffrey ◽  
Damien Maher ◽  
Douglas Tait ◽  
Michael Reading ◽  
Elenora Chiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
3D Photogrammetry ◽  
Preferential Pathways ◽  
Tree Stem

<p>Knowledge regarding processes, pathways and mechanisms that may moderate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) sink/source behaviour along the sediment - tree stem - atmosphere continuum remains incomplete. Here, we applied stable isotope analysis (δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub>) to gain insights into axial CH<sub>4</sub> transport and oxidation in two common and globally distributed subtropical lowland forest species (<em>Melaleuca quinquenervia</em> and <em>Casuarina glauca</em>). We found consistent trends in CH<sub>4</sub> flux (decreasing with height) and δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4 </sub>enrichment (increasing with height) in relation to stem height from the ground. The average lower tree stem (0-40 cm) δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4 </sub>of <em>M. quinquenervia</em> and <em>C. glauca</em> flooded forests (-53.96 ‰ and -65.89 ‰) were similar to adjacent flooded sediment CH<sub>4 </sub>ebullition (-52.87 ‰ and -62.98 ‰), suggesting that CH<sub>4</sub> is produced mainly via sedimentary sources. Upper stems (81-200 cm) displayed distinct δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4 </sub>enrichment (<em>M. quinquenervia</em> -44.6 ‰ and C. glauca -46.5 ‰ respectively) compared to lower stems. Coupled 3D photogrammetry and novel 3D measurements on <em>M. quinquenervia</em> revealed that distinct hotspots of CH<sub>4</sub> flux and isotopic fractionation were likely due to bark anomalies where preferential pathways of gas efflux were likely enhanced. By applying a  fractionation factor (derived from previous lab based tree stem bark experiments), diel experiments revealed greater δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4 </sub>enrichment and higher oxidation rates in the afternoon relative to the morning. Overall, we estimate CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation rates between the lower to upper stems across both species ranged from 1 to 69 % (average 33.1 ± 3.4 %), representing a substantial tree-associated CH<sub>4</sub> sink occurring during axial transport.</p>

Tree stem methane emissions from subtropical lowland forest (Melaleuca quinquenervia) regulated by local and seasonal hydrology

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 273-290
Author(s):  
Luke C. Jeffrey ◽  
Damien T. Maher ◽  
Douglas R. Tait ◽  
Sebastian Euler ◽  
Scott G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Tree Stem

Evaluation of mutagenic activity in an extract of pepper tree stem bark (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi)

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cleide Ribeiro Dantas de Carvalho ◽  
Francisco Napole�o T�lio Varela Barca ◽  
Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima ◽  
S�lvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Tree Stem

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in the D  /  H ratio of fatty acids of pelagic microorganisms in the coastal North Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5527-5539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mariam Heinzelmann ◽  
Nicole Jane Bale ◽  
Laura Villanueva ◽  
Danielle Sinke-Schoen ◽  
Catharina Johanna Maria Philippart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Spring Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Hydrogen Isotopic Composition

Abstract. Culture studies of microorganisms have shown that the hydrogen isotopic composition of fatty acids depends on their metabolism, but there are only few environmental studies available to confirm this observation. Here we studied the seasonal variability of the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D / H) ratio of fatty acids in the coastal Dutch North Sea and compared this with the diversity of the phyto- and bacterioplankton. Over the year, the stable hydrogen isotopic fractionation factor ε between fatty acids and water (εlipid/water) ranged between −172 and −237 ‰, the algal-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid nC20:5 generally being the most D-depleted (−177 to −235 ‰) and nC18:0 the least D-depleted fatty acid (−172 to −210 ‰). The in general highly D-depleted nC20:5 is in agreement with culture studies, which indicates that photoautotrophic microorganisms produce fatty acids which are significantly depleted in D relative to water. The εlipid/water of all fatty acids showed a transient shift towards increased fractionation during the spring phytoplankton bloom, indicated by increasing chlorophyll a concentrations and relative abundance of the nC20:5 polyunsaturated fatty acids, suggesting increased contributions of photoautotrophy. Time periods with decreased fractionation (less negative εlipid/water values) can potentially be explained by an increased contribution of heterotrophy to the fatty acid pool. Our results show that the hydrogen isotopic composition of fatty acids is a promising tool to assess the community metabolism of coastal plankton potentially in combination with the isotopic analysis of more specific biomarker lipids.

Experimental study of D/H isotopic fractionation factor of water adsorbed on porous silica tubes

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Richard ◽  
Lionel Mercury ◽  
Marc Massault ◽  
Jean-Luc Michelot
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation Factor

scholarly journals Carbon Isotope Analysis of Land Snail Shells: Implications for Carbon Sources and Radiocarbon Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A Goodfriend ◽  
Darden G Hood
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Shell Carbonate

13C and 14C analyses were performed on a series of modern Jamaican land snails in order to quantitatively determine the sources of shell carbon. A model of these carbon sources, the pathways by which carbon reaches the shell, and the fractionation processes involved are presented. The contribution of limestone to shell carbonate is variable but may comprise up to 33% of the shell. About 25–40% of shell carbonate is derived from plants and about 30–60% from atmospheric CO2. Variation among populations and species with respect to 13C and 14C is attributed to the effects of limestone incorporation, snail size (as it affects CO2 exchange rate), physiological characteristics (presence of urease, respiration rate), and activity patterns of the snails. A formula for correction for isotopic fractionation of 14C of shell carbonate, based on 13C measurements, is derived. Bicarbonate-aragonite fractionation is apparently very minimal. Shell organic carbon appears to be derived largely from plants but also to a lesser extent from inorganic hemolymph carbon. This introduces the possibility of a small age anomaly of shell organic 14C due to limestone incorporation.

An applied mineralogical investigation of concrete degradation in a major concrete road bridge

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (377) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Macleod ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
A. E. Fallick
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Mineralogical Investigation ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

AbstractA core of concrete taken from a major road bridge in the Strathclyde Region, Scotland, has been subjected to an applied mineralogical investigation, which involved stable isotope analysis, petrography, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The structure is actively undergoing severe degradation due to mineral growth which is related to chemical reactions between the concrete and pore fluid. The physical growth of minerals causes disfigurement and structural weakening.Pyrite and pyrrhotine hosted by dolerite aggregate appear to have been oxidized, providing sulphate for the deposition of ettringite and minor gypsum, in spheroidal cavities within the cement paste. The rainwater which passes through the structure mobilising sulphate from original gypsum in the paste and oxidizing the iron sulphides is also involved in the further leaching of elements from the cement paste and in the deposition of calcite. The isotopic values of calcites forming a crust on the concrete and a stalactite under the bridge are similar with δ13C= −19‰ PDB and δ18‰= +16‰ SMOW. We suggest that atmospheric carbon dioxide was the carbon source. The carbon isotopic fractionation of −12‰ from atmospheric carbon dioxide of δ13C= −7‰, (O'Neil and Barnes, 1971) can best be explained as due to a kinetic fractionation related to the hyper-basicity of the pore water. The equilibrium formation temperature of about 45°C calculated from the oxygen isotope values and assuming a δ18O value of meteoric water of −8‰ SMOW, is considered unreasonable. The exceptionally low δ18O values are attributed mainly to reaction kinetics and the calcite inheriting its oxygen, two-thirds from atmospheric carbon dioxide and one third from the meteoric formation water (O'Neil and Barnes, 1971). A δ18O value of atmospheric carbon dioxide of +41‰ SMOW and a δ18O value of meteoric water of −8‰ SMOW, lead to a calculated δ18O value for the calcites of +10‰ SMOW. The calcites analysed have a value of +16‰ and this may be due to partial re-equilibration towards a calculated value of +21‰ for calcite in equilibrium with the meteoric water at 20°C.

Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2236-2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. Abdel-Mageed ◽  
Soad A.H. Bayoumi ◽  
Caixia Chen ◽  
Christopher J. Vavricka ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Tree Stem

scholarly journals Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation during Anaerobic Biodegradation of Benzene

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia A. Mancini ◽  
Ania C. Ulrich ◽  
Georges Lacrampe-Couloume ◽  
Brent Sleep ◽  
Elizabeth A. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Bond Breakage ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carbon And Hydrogen Isotope

ABSTRACT Compound-specific isotope analysis has the potential to distinguish physical from biological attenuation processes in the subsurface. In this study, carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation effects during biodegradation of benzene under anaerobic conditions with different terminal-electron-accepting processes are reported for the first time. Different enrichment factors (ε) for carbon (range of −1.9 to −3.6‰) and hydrogen (range of −29 to −79‰) fractionation were observed during biodegradation of benzene under nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. These differences are not related to differences in initial biomass or in rates of biodegradation. Carbon isotopic enrichment factors for anaerobic benzene biodegradation in this study are comparable to those previously published for aerobic benzene biodegradation. In contrast, hydrogen enrichment factors determined for anaerobic benzene biodegradation are significantly larger than those previously published for benzene biodegradation under aerobic conditions. A fundamental difference in the previously proposed initial step of aerobic versus proposed anaerobic biodegradation pathways may account for these differences in hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Potentially, C-H bond breakage in the initial step of the anaerobic benzene biodegradation pathway may account for the large fractionation observed compared to that in aerobic benzene biodegradation. Despite some differences in reported enrichment factors between cultures with different terminal-electron-accepting processes, carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis has the potential to provide direct evidence of anaerobic biodegradation of benzene in the field.

scholarly journals Oxygen isotopic fractionation in rat bones as a result of consuming thermally processed water – bioarchaeological applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lisowska-Gaczorek ◽  
Krzysztof Szostek ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Beata Cienkosz-Stepańczak
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic

AbstractStable isotope analyses of oxygen are used in anthropology for such purposes as determination of origin of individuals, tracking migration routes or dynamics of human community relocation. The methodology related to oxygen isotope analysis has been founded on the relationship between its isotopic composition within phosphate groups of bone tissue (δ18Op) in individuals being analysed and the water consumed by such individuals (δ18Ow). Such a relationship has been observed in many species of mammals, including humans. However, the influence of culinary practices on the isotopic delta values of apatite phosphates of individuals has not yet been researched. The present study, which was conducted using laboratory rats, is an investigation of the influence of the thermal processing of water drank by such rats on the isotopic composition (δ18Op) of bone apatite. Increasing the value of the isotopic composition of water by about 6.1 ‰ during boiling resulted in an increase in the oxygen isotopic value δ18Op of rats drinking the water by about 4 ‰ (29%). It can be expected that regular consumption of heavily isotopic drinks and foods by humans may cause the δ18Op of individuals to exceed the range of isotopic environmental variability, even by a few per mille.

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