Shifts in the frequency of sequentially occurring late-spring frost and drought impact the dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in European beech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Meyer ◽  
Anja Rammig ◽  
Allan Buras ◽  
Christian S. Zang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
The Impact

<p>In the past, terrestrial ecosystems have largely functioned as carbon sinks, capturing nearly 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (Le Quéré et al. 2009). Forest ecosystems, which cover roughly 30% of the land surface, play a fundamental role in maintaining this sink by storing nearly half of all terrestrial carbon (Pan et al. 2011; Bonan 2008). Over large parts of Europe, these forest ecosystems are dominated by European beech. Consequently, the reaction of beech to climate extremes is central to the ability of European forests to act as carbon sinks. Disconcertingly, the projected – and indeed already observed – increase in frequency and severity of drought across Europe threatens to shift forest ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources (Ciais et al. 2005). Concurrently, the incidence of late-spring frost events in Europe is on the rise. While these events are considerably more localized and do not result in the same widespread reduction of ecosystem productivity as droughts, the damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of affected trees forces the mobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) to ensure tree survival. We analyze high-resolution historical (E-OBS 0.1°) and projected (EURO-CORDEX RCP 2.6 & RCP 8.5 0.11°) climate data to identify localized changes in the frequency of sequentially occurring drought and late-spring frost events across Europe. Subsequently, we use a modified version of the standalone NSC-model SUGAR (Jones et al. 2020) to ascertain the effect of sequentially occurring climate extremes on the carbon reserves of European beech forests. Here, we identify differences in the impact of isolated extremes (either frost or drought) and sequential extremes (frost followed by drought and vice versa) on the regulation of the NSC pool. Through the integration of SUGAR with the LPJ-GUESS DGVM (Smith et al. 2014; Sitch et al. 2003) we further quantify the effect of sequentially occurring climate extremes on the productivity of beech forest ecosystems in central Europe.</p><p> </p>

Estimating late spring frost-induced growth anomalies in European beech forests in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bascietto ◽  
S. Bajocco ◽  
C. Ferrara ◽  
A. Alivernini ◽  
E. Santangelo
Keyword(s):  
European Beech ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growth Anomalies ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Meteorological considerations of grapevine damage due to temperature variations: the 2019 late spring frost and summer heat wave events in Burgundy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Planchon ◽  
Olivier Cantat ◽  
Benjamin Bois ◽  
François Beauvais ◽  
Catinca Gavrilescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong><span>Meteorological considerations of grapevine damage due to temperature variations:</span> <span>t</span><span>he 2019 late spring frost and summer heat wave events </span>in Burgundy </strong></p><p>During 2019, <span>the occurrence of two contrasting weather events, a cold snap and a heat wave, caused extensive damage to the vineyards</span> of Northern Burgundy. <span>The late spring cold snap, that </span><span>occurred</span><span> from May 5</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> to 7</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span>, generated frost like conditions across the northern and north-western areas of the Côte-d'Or department.</span> The weather stations of the Northern Auxois area, where the three observation and study sites are located, recorded minimum temperatures <span>ranging </span>between -1 and -2°C. <span>On the 24</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> and the 25</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> of July vineyards were exposed, yet again, to an extreme temperature variation.</span> <span>A brief but unusually intense heat wave increased daily maximum temperatures up to 42°C in the department’s far north. Landforms such as plateaus were less exposed to the increase in temperatures due the limiting effect of higher elevations. This led to temperatures not exceeding 40°C above 300 m, elevation at which the vineyard sites of this study are located.</span></p><p>Weather conditions that caused the early May frost event were related to a northern circulation <span>present </span>over Western Europe <span>that persisted </span>from <span>the 28</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> of April </span><span>to</span><span> the 6</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> of May</span>. <span>The strong anticyclonic ridge stretching from Greenland to the Iberian Peninsula directed an air mass of arctic origin towards France.</span> <span>On July 24</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span> and 25</span><sup><span>th</span></sup><span>, the presence of a surface high pressure system above Scandinavia, associated with a low-pressure center located near the Atlantic Ocean, generated an influx of a very hot air mass from the northern part of the African continent through France and neighbouring countries.</span></p><p>The local impact of these two weather events was modulated by the topographical features specific to the study area: a limestone plateau strongly dissected by parallel valleys <span>of S.E. / N.W. orientations</span>. <span>The three observation sites have similar soil characteristics and are located on south facing slopes.</span> <span>However, damage to vegetation was uneven across sites as well as within each site.</span> These observations rise up the question of the influence of very fine-scale environmental conditions <span>and the impact they might have on the different vegetative growth stages.</span> <span>Lastly, the variation in physiological response among grapevines and its effect on their sensitivity to the occurrence of different weather hazards is also to be considered.</span></p>

scholarly journals Process-Based Indicators for Timely Identification of Apricot Frost Disaster on the Warm Temperate Zone, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jianying ◽  
Zhiguo Huo ◽  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Wu Dingrong ◽  
Yuping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
Warm Temperate Zone ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Frequent occurrences of extreme cold weather processes create severe agricultural/forest frost events, even given the background of global warming. In the warm temperate zone of China, which is the largest planting area for fresh apricot, late spring frost disaster has become one of the major meteorological hazards during flowering. To prevent cold weather-induced apricot frost events and reduce potential losses in related fruit economic value, it is vital to establish a meteorological indicator for timely and accurate identification of cold weather process-based apricot frost events, to provide support for timely apricot frost monitoring and warning in late spring. In this study, daily minimax temperature (Tmin) and apricot frost disaster data during flowering were combined to establish meteorological identification indicators of apricot frost based on cold weather processes. A process-based apricot frost model (f(D,Tcum) was firstly constructed, and characteristics of (Tcum) (accumulated harmful temperature) were explored under different D (duration days) based on the representation of historical apricot frost processes. Thresholds for the (Tcum) for apricot frost in 1, 2, 3, 4 and more than 5 days of apricot frost process were determined as -1.51, -2.92, -4.39, -5.84 and − 7.31°C, respectively. Validation results by reserved independent disaster samples were generally consistent with the historical records of apricot frost disasters, with 89.00% accuracy for indicator-based identification results. Typical process tracking of the proposed identification indicator to an apricot frost event that occurred in North Hebei during April 3–9, 2018 revealed that the indicator-based identification result basically coincides with the historical disaster record and can reflect more detailed information about the apricot frost process.

Two Types of Late Spring Frost Injury to Winter Wheat 1

1947 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Livingston ◽  
J. C. Swinbank
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Frost Damage to White Spruce Buds

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clements ◽  
J. W. Fraser ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Understory Trees

Unopened buds of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were damaged by late spring frost. At time of death of the apical meristem the buds were not ready for flushing. As expected on the basis of ground frosts, there was more damage among shorter trees than among taller trees, and more damage among open-grown trees than among understory trees.

scholarly journals Growth Recovery and Phenological Responses of Juvenile Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Exposed to Spring Warming and Late Spring Frost

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Jessa May Malanguis ◽  
Stefaan Moreels ◽  
Amy Lauwers ◽  
Arno Thomaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

Global change increases the risk of extreme climatic events. The impact of extreme temperature may depend on the tree species and also on the provenance. Ten provenances of Fagus sylvatica L. were grown in a common garden environment in Belgium and subjected to different temperature treatments. Half of the one year old seedlings were submitted to a high thermal stress in the spring of the first year, and all plants were exposed to a late spring frost in the second year. The high-temperature treated plants displayed reduced growth in the first year, which was fully compensated (recovery with exact compensation) in the second year for radial growth and in the third year for height growth. Frost in the spring of the second year damaged part of the saplings and reduced their growth. The frost damaged plants regained the pre-stress growth rate one year later (recovery without compensation). The high temperature treatment in the first year and the frost damage in the second year clearly influenced the phenological responses in the year of the event and in the succeeding year. Little population differentiation was observed among the provenances for growth and for phenological responses. Yet, a southern provenance, a non-autochthonous provenance (original German provenance that was planted in Belgium about a century ago) and a more continental provenance flushed earlier than the local Atlantic provenances in the year of the frost event, resulting in more frost damage. Some caution should therefore be taken when translocating provenances as an anticipation of the predicted climate warming.

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