Re-evaluation of Lunar X-ray observations by Apollo 15 & 16

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5194/epsc2020-210 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Erik Kuulkers ◽

Anniek Gloudemans

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Surface Chemistry ◽

Lunar Surface ◽

Intensity Ratio ◽

X Ray ◽

Formation History ◽

Instrument Response ◽

Geological Evolution ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer

<p>The Apollo 15 & 16 missions were the first to explore the Lunar surface chemistry by investigating about 10 percent of the Lunar surface using a remote sensing X-ray fluorescence spectrometer experiment. The data obtained has been extensively used to study Lunar formation history and geological evolution. In this work a re-evaluation of the Apollo 15 & 16 X-ray fluorescence experiment is conducted with the aim to obtain up-to-date empirical values for aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations relative to silicon (Si) of the upper Lunar surface. An up-to-date orbit reconstruction, updated instrument response, and improved intensity ratio calculations are used to obtain new intensity ratio maps.</p>

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Mapping lunar surface chemistry: New prospects with the Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)

Advances in Space Research ◽

10.1016/j.asr.2013.04.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1993-1999

Author(s):

S. Narendranath ◽

P.S. Athiray ◽

P. Sreekumar ◽

V. Radhakrishna ◽

A. Tyagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Chemistry ◽

Lunar Surface ◽

Large Area ◽

X Ray

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Orbital chemistry—Lunar surface analysis from the X-ray and gamma ray remote sensing experiments

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth ◽

10.1016/0079-1946(77)90004-0 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 17-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Isidore Adler ◽

Jacob I. Trombka

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Surface Analysis ◽

Lunar Surface ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

X Ray

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X-Ray Cross-Sections in Design and Analysis of Non-Dispersive Systems

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800005322 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 258-268

Author(s):

Benton C. Clark

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

Proportional Counter ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Fundamental Physics ◽

X Ray ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Instrument Response ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer

AbstractIn designing a radioisotope, energy-dispersive (proportional counter) x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for elemental analysis of geologic specimens, a theoretical framework has been developed to model instrument response. This model is based upon the fundamental physics of x-ray excitation, absorption, and scattering, and employs the most modern available values of the applicable physical constants. The model includes matrix absorption and enhancement effects. By explicitly including scattering in the model and the measurements, element concentrations can be calculated from the shape alone of the x-ray spectrum and the presence of elements having non-observable fluorescences can be detected.

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