scholarly journals <i>STH-net:</i> a soil monitoring network for process-based hydrological modelling from the pedon to the hillslope scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2529-2539
Author(s):  
Edoardo Martini ◽  
Matteo Bauckholt ◽  
Simon Kögler ◽  
Manuel Kreck ◽  
Kurt Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Local Soil

Abstract. The Schäfertal Hillslope site is part of the TERENO Harz/Central German Lowland Observatory, and its soil water dynamics are being monitored intensively as part of an integrated, long-term, multi-scale, and multi-temporal research framework linking hydrological, pedological, atmospheric, and biodiversity-related research to investigate the influences of climate and land use change on the terrestrial system. Here, a new soil monitoring network, indicated as STH-net, has been recently implemented to provide high-resolution data about the most relevant hydrological variables and local soil properties. The monitoring network is spatially optimized, based on previous knowledge from soil mapping and soil moisture monitoring, in order to capture the spatial variability in soil properties and soil water dynamics along a catena across the site as well as in depth. The STH-net comprises eight stations instrumented with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes, soil temperature probes, and monitoring wells. Furthermore, a weather station provides data about the meteorological variables. A detailed soil characterization exists for locations where the TDR probes are installed. All data have been measured at a 10 min interval since 1 January 2019. The STH-net is intended to provide scientists with data needed for developing and testing modelling approaches in the context of vadose-zone hydrology at spatial scales ranging from the pedon to the hillslope. The data are available from the EUDAT portal (https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.82818db7be054f5eb921d386a0bcaa74, Martini et al., 2020).

scholarly journals <i>STH-net</i>: a model-driven soil monitoring network for process-based hydrological modelling from the pedon to the hillslope scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Martini ◽  
Simon Kögler ◽  
Manuel Kreck ◽  
Kurt Roth ◽  
Ulrike Werban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Local Soil

Abstract. The Schäfertal hillslope site is part of the TERENO Harz/Central German Lowland Observatory and its soil water dynamics is being monitored intensively as part of an integrated, long-term, multi-scale and multi-temporal research framework linking hydrological, pedological, atmospheric and biodiversity-related research to investigate the influences of climate and land use change on the terrestrial system. Here, a new soil monitoring network, indicated as STH-net, has been recently implemented to provide high-resolution data about the most relevant hydrological variables and local soil properties. The monitoring network is spatially optimized, based on previous knowledge from soil mapping and soil moisture monitoring, in order to capture the spatial variability of soil properties and soil water dynamics along a catena across the site as well as in depth. The STH-net comprises eight stations instrumented with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes, soil temperature probes and piezometers. Furthermore, a weather station provides data about the meteorological variables. A detailed soil characterization exists for locations where the TDR probes are installed. All data are measured at a 10-minutes interval since January 1st, 2019. The STH-net is intended to provide scientists with high-quality data needed for developing and testing modelling approaches in the context of vadose-zone hydrology at spatial scales ranging from the pedon to the hillslope. The data are available from the EUDAT portal (https://b2share.eudat.eu/records/e2a2135bb1634a97abcedf8a461c0909 ) (Martini et al., 2020).

Influence of vegetation type and soil properties on soil water dynamics in the Šumava Mountains (Southern Bohemia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 582 ◽  
pp. 124285
Author(s):  
Václav Šípek ◽  
Jan Hnilica ◽  
Lukáš Vlček ◽  
Soňa Hnilicová ◽  
Miroslav Tesař
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics

scholarly journals Combination of Measurement Methods for a Wide-Range Description of Hydraulic Soil Properties

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Gernot Bodner ◽  
Janis Kreiselmeier ◽  
Parvathy Chandrasekhar ◽  
Stefan Julich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Evaporation Method ◽  
Wide Range

Established measurement methods for hydraulic soil properties cover a limited soil moisture range. Simulations of soil water dynamics based on such observations are therefore rarely representative for all conditions from saturation to drought. Recent technical developments facilitate efficient and cheap collecting of soil water characteristics data, but the quantitative benefit of extended measurement campaigns has not been adequately tested yet. In this study, a combination of four methods to measure water retention and hydraulic conductivity at different moisture ranges was applied. Evaporation method, dewpoint psychrometry, hood infiltrometer experiments, and falling head method for saturated conductivity were conducted at two experimental sites in eastern Austria. Effects of including the particular methods in the measurement strategy were examined by visual evaluation and a 1D-modelling sensitivity study including drainage, infiltration and drought conditions. The evaporation method was considered essential due to its broad measurement range both for water retention and hydraulic conductivity. In addition to that, the highest effect on simulated water balance components was induced by the inclusion of separate conductivity measurements near saturation. Water content after three days of drainage was 15 percent higher and the transpiration rate in a drought period was 22 percent higher without near-saturated conductivity measurements. Based on relative comparisons between different combinations, we suggested combining evaporation method and hood infiltrometer experiments as the basis for representative predictions of soil water dynamics.

Hydrological effects of combining Italian alder and blackberry in an agroforestry system in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Hoffmeister ◽  
Rafael Bohn Reckziegel ◽  
Florian Kestel ◽  
Rebekka Maier ◽  
Jonathan P. Sheppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Matrix Potential ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Hydrological Effects

&lt;p&gt;Water limitation provides the potential to hinder the productivity of agricultural systems especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In agroforestry systems interactions between trees and crops range from mutually beneficial to critically competing, shaping the demand for resources, such as water. In this study, we investigated the hydrological effects of an Italian Alder (Alnus cordata) windbreak on an irrigated blackberry plantation near Stellenbosch, South Africa. We determine the key components of the water budget in the system and compare them at two positions: alongside the windbreak, and amongst the crop away from the windbreak&amp;#8217;s influence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We measured soil water content depth profiles in the summer months, from October 2019 to March 2020, in both locations with four consecutive time domain reflectometry (TDR) tube sensors, each integrating over 20 cm depth. Potential evapotranspiration (ET) was estimated from site based meteorological observations. We surveyed and classified the local soil, and defined soil chemical and physical properties (e.g. texture, matrix potential). The windbreak structure was measured on a single tree basis (e.g. tree height, volume and biomass) using manual and terrestrial laser scanning methodologies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The data indicate that high potential ET, caused by high summer temperatures and strong winds, dominates the water budget at the study site, exceeding the water input of the drip irrigation. We found differences in the water dynamics between the two sites, e.g. greater soil water content at greater distances from the windbreak. Possible reasons are: (1) the water demand of trees increases underground competition for water, and/or; (2) microclimatic conditions closer to the windbreak increase ET. Modelling of the windbreak influence on the ET and further analysis of water fluxes will be conducted as next steps to combine the results from the sensors and the joint field campaign.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil water dynamics and yield in maize and Brachiaria ruziziensis intercropping

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Sabrine França Silva ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Raimundo Bezerra de Araújo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT In intercropping systems, a high plant density can delay the biomass accumulation and affect the water availability to plants. This study aimed to evaluate the soil water dynamics and the crop yield performance in maize and Brachiaria ruziziensis intercropping under different sowing densities of the forage grass. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with treatments associated to the sowing densities (2 kg ha-1, 4 kg ha-1, 6 kg ha-1 and 8 kg ha-1) and the single cropping for both species as controls. The maize plants were evaluated for grain yield and B. ruziziensis for number of plants per hectare and shoot fresh and dry matter. The intercropping performance was evaluated using the land-use efficiency index. The soil water dynamics was monitored in two soil depths (0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m) by using the time domain reflectometry method. The evaluation of soil water storage was carried out from plots with four of the crop systems (single maize or B. ruziziensis, and intercropping with the extreme sowing densities), at four different times. The increase in the sowing density of B. ruziziensis decreased the grain yield of the intercropped maize by 30.8 %. The intercropping system using 2 kg ha-1 of the grass seeds resulted in the best land-use efficiency (23 %). In addition, the intercropping treatments promoted a higher extraction of water from the soil, mainly at the maize growth stages with higher hydric demand (e.g., flowering and grain filling). These systems stimulate the extraction of water from deeper soil layers, when compared to maize in single cropping.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Soil Water Dynamics beneath a Tree Monitored by Tensiometer-Time Domain Reflectometry Probes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Sheng-Lun Li ◽  
Wei-Li Liang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Matrix Flow

Tensiometer-coiled time domain reflectometry (T-TDR) probes have been developed in previous studies, but have not been applied in the field. In this study, we applied T-TDR probes to the simultaneous monitoring of soil water content (θ) and soil water potential (ψ) on a profile beneath a tree in a forest stand, and analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in soil water dynamics in a root-containing environment. The results showed different features in the relationships between the mean and standard deviation of spatial θ and ψ, which exhibited convex-upward shapes and negative curvilinear shapes, respectively. High spatial variability was observed at intermediate values of θ and small values of ψ. Matrix flow and preferential flow accounted for 75% and 25% of the area beneath the tree. Although the infiltration processes were dominated by matrix flow, preferential flow acting for a short time could cause an average θ or ψ to reach their maximum values at all of the locations. Preferential flow primarily occurred at a “hot spot” around a coarse root. Small changes in θ and ψ were generally observed at a “cold spot” beneath a lateral root. Integrated information from multiple sources of θ and ψ could help to evaluate soil water dynamics when one exhibited large spatial variation during the wetting or drying processes, and greatly help to improve the accuracy for detecting the presence of preferential flow in a short measurement period.

scholarly journals Analysis of soil water dynamics in an agroforestry system based on detailed soil water records from time-domain reflectometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Jackson ◽  
J. C. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Tree Canopies

Abstract. Time domain reflectometry [TDR] was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in surface soil water dynamics under a number of types of vegetation, including both trees and crops grown in isolation, and grown together as an agroforestry system. The installation and operation of this technique are presented, and discussed in terms of its suitability to monitor rapid fluctuations in soil-water content in a spatially heterogeneous system such as that described in this experiment. The relatively small sampling volume of each of the TDR waveguides permitted discrete measurements to be made of soil water content (θv). In the tree-only and tree+crop treatments, this revealed considerable variation in θv resulting from spatial redistribution of rainfall under the tree canopies, with a significant input to soil close to the base of the trees being made by stemflow, i.e. water intercepted by the tree canopy and channelled down the stem. Over the experimental period (one rainy season) the TDR data suggested that net recharge to the soil profile in the sole crop system was 53 mm, almost 75% more than occurred in either of the two treatments containing trees, reflecting greater rainfall interception by the tree canopies.

Canopy cover effects on local soil water dynamics in a tropical agroforestry system: Evaporation drives soil water isotopic enrichment

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 994-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niles J. Hasselquist ◽  
Laura Benegas ◽  
Olivier Roupsard ◽  
Anders Malmer ◽  
Ulrik Ilstedt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Isotopic Enrichment ◽  
Local Soil
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