scholarly journals Global and regional phosphorus budgets in agricultural systems and their implications for phosphorus-use efficiency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Lun ◽  
Junguo Liu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Thomas Nesme ◽  
Jinfeng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Budgets ◽  
Livestock Products

Abstract. The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer to agricultural soils increased by 3.2 % annually from 2002 to 2010. We quantified in detail the P inputs and outputs of cropland and pasture, and the P fluxes through human and livestock consumers of agricultural products, at global, regional, and national scales from 2002 to 2010. Globally, half of the total P input (21.3 Tg P yr−1) into agricultural systems accumulated in agricultural soils during this period, with the rest lost to bodies of water through complex flows. Global P accumulation in agricultural soil increased from 2002 to 2010, despite decreases in 2008 and 2009, and the P accumulation occurred primarily in cropland. Despite the global increase of soil P, 32 % of the world's cropland and 43 % of the pasture had soil P deficits. Increasing soil P deficits were found for African cropland, versus increasing P accumulation in Eastern Asia. European and North American pasture had a soil P deficit because continuous removal of biomass P by grazing exceeded P inputs. International trade played a significant role in P redistribution among countries through the flows of P in fertilizer and food among countries. Based on country-scale budgets and trends we propose policy options to potentially mitigate regional P imbalances in agricultural soils, particularly by optimizing the use of phosphate fertilizer and recycling of waste P. The trend of increasing consumption of livestock products will require more P inputs to the agricultural system, implying a low P-use efficiency aggravating the P stocks scarcity in the future. The global and regional phosphorus budgets and their PUEs in agricultural systems is publicly available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.875296.

scholarly journals Global and regional phosphorus budgets in agricultural systems and their implications for phosphorus-use efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Lun ◽  
Junguo Liu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Thomas Nesme ◽  
Jinfeng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Budgets ◽  
Livestock Products

Abstract. The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer to agricultural soils increased by 3.2 % annually from 2002 to 2010. We quantified in detail the P inputs and outputs of cropland and pasture and the P fluxes through human and livestock consumers of agricultural products on global, regional, and national scales from 2002 to 2010. Globally, half of the total P inputs into agricultural systems accumulated in agricultural soils during this period, with the rest lost to bodies of water through complex flows. Global P accumulation in agricultural soil increased from 2002 to 2010 despite decreases in 2008 and 2009, and the P accumulation occurred primarily in cropland. Despite the global increase in soil P, 32 % of the world's cropland and 43 % of the pasture had soil P deficits. Increasing soil P deficits were found for African cropland vs. increasing P accumulation in eastern Asia. European and North American pasture had a soil P deficit because the continuous removal of biomass P by grazing exceeded P inputs. International trade played a significant role in P redistribution among countries through the flows of P in fertilizer and food among countries. Based on country-scale budgets and trends we propose policy options to potentially mitigate regional P imbalances in agricultural soils, particularly by optimizing the use of phosphate fertilizer and the recycling of waste P. The trend of the increasing consumption of livestock products will require more P inputs to the agricultural system, implying a low P-use efficiency and aggravating P-stock scarcity in the future. The global and regional phosphorus budgets and their PUEs in agricultural systems are publicly available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.875296.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Sources and Application Rates on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Rice Plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prosper I. Massawe ◽  
Jerome Mrema
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and P use efficiency from Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), Minjingu mazao and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizers under irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Lekitatu village, Meru district, Arusha region, Tanzania. The initial soil pH in the two experimental sites was slightly alkaline while total N and available P was low and medium respectively. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was adopted and phosphorus was applied at the rates of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1 as MPR, Minjingu mazao and TSP. Nitrogen was applied uniformly at a rate of 60 kg N ha-1 as urea taking into account the 10% N contained in the Minjingu mazao fertilizer. Phosphorus application increased N and P contents in the rice plants and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) with the increase of P levels from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1 for all P sources. The site 1 had more PUE than site 2 due to higher moisture content. These effects were due to increased availability and nutrients uptake by plants, particularly P. Based on the results, it is recommended that; Minjingu mazao at the rates of 40 to 60 kg P ha-1, MPR and TSP at a rate of 60 kg P ha-1, respectively have to be adopted for sustainable soil P use in rice production areas of Lekitatu village.

Phosphorus use efficiency and long-term trends in soil available phosphorus in wheat production systems with and without nitrogen fertilizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Selles ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
D. Curtin ◽  
D. C. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Removal

Selles, F., Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R. P., Curtin, D., James, D. C. and Basnyat, P. 2011. Phosphorus use efficiency and long-term trends in soil available phosphorus in wheat production systems with and without nitrogen fertilizer. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 39–52. Efficient use of phosphorus (P) in crop production is important for economic and environmental reasons, and to prolong the life of a limited resource. Short-term studies often show low recovery of fertilizer P, but P use efficiency may be underestimated because the value of residual P in the soil is ignored. Our objective was to determine fertilizer P use efficiency in two wheat production systems [continuous wheat (CW) and a 3-yr rotation of summer fallow-wheat-wheat (FWW)] using data from a 39-yr study (1967–2005) at Swift Current, SK. Each rotation received either P only (P) or nitrogen plus P (NP) fertilizer. Annual grain P removal was monitored (all straw was returned to the soil) and changes in soil available P (0- to 15-cm layer) were measured by the Olsen bicarbonate method. In 1993, subplots which received no additional P were established to evaluate the residual effect of P fertilizer applied in the preceding 27 yr. Where P was applied each year, grain P removal averaged 54 to 78% of fertilizer P, with values as high as 65 to 109% in 1994 to 2005, the period of lowest water deficit. The P-only treatments removed 13% less P in grain, on average, than NP treatments. In the P-nly systems, Olsen P content increased linearly with time, but in the NP systems it reached a maximum after 20–22 yr and then stabilized. The cumulative P balance (fertilizer P minus P removed in grain) accounted for 60% of the variability in Olsen P accumulation over the course of the experiment. In CW, Olsen P content increased by 0.15 kg ha−1 for each kg ha−1 of P added in excess of crop removal. The rate of Olsen P accumulation was greater (0.20 kg ha−1 for each kg ha−1 of excess fertilizer P) in the FWW rotation possibly due to P mineralization during the summer fallow year. When P was withheld between 1994 and 2005, total grain production in the CW rotation was reduced slightly (by 10%), but there was no significant effect on FWW. Crop P removal (1967–2005) where P was withheld in the final 12 yr was equivalent to 105 and 90% of fertilizer P added to the NP and P-only systems, respectively. We concluded that residual P in prairie soils is retained in forms that are available to plants; wheat crops may therefore recover close to 100% of applied fertilizer P given sufficient time.

scholarly journals The fate of phosphorus fertilizer in Amazon soya bean fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1619) ◽  
pp. 20120154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby H. Riskin ◽  
Stephen Porder ◽  
Christopher Neill ◽  
Adelaine Michela e Silva Figueira ◽  
Carmen Tubbesing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Hedley Fractionation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Yields

Fertilizer-intensive soya bean agriculture has recently expanded in southeastern Amazonia, and whereas intensive fertilizer use in the temperate zone has led to widespread eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems, the effects in tropical systems are less well understood. We examined the fate of fertilizer phosphorus (P) by comparing P forms and budgets across a chronosequence of soya bean fields (converted to soya beans between 2003 and 2008) and forests on an 800 km 2 soya bean farm in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Soya bean fields were fertilized with 50 kg P ha −1 yr −1 (30 kg P ha −1 yr −1 above what is removed in crops). We used modified Hedley fractionation to quantify soil P pools and found increases in less-plant-available inorganic pools and decreases in organic pools in agricultural soils compared with forest. Fertilizer P did not move below 20 cm. Measurements of P sorption capacity suggest that while fertilizer inputs quench close to half of the sorption capacity of fast-reacting pools, most added P is bound in more slowly reacting pools. Our data suggest that this agricultural system currently has a low risk of P losses to waterways and that long time-scales are required to reach critical soil thresholds that would allow continued high yields with reduced fertilizer inputs.

scholarly journals Root-Associated Microbiome of Maize Genotypes with Contrasting Phosphorus Use Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane A. Gomes ◽  
Ubiraci G. P. Lana ◽  
John F. Quensen ◽  
Sylvia M. de Sousa ◽  
Christiane A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Use Efficiency

Marginal soil fertility, soil acidity, aluminum toxicity, and a generalized low level of available nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), are major limiting factors to maize production in highly weathered oxisols that are prominent in the tropics. Plants have evolved several strategies to improve P acquisition, including the ability to associate with soil microorganisms that potentially enhance P uptake and plant nutrition. We investigated the effect of two maize genotypes with contrasting P use efficiency and their hybrid, grown in soils with two P levels, on bacterial and fungal community structures in the root and the rhizosphere. We found that a significant fraction of bacterial and fungal diversity could be attributed to the host genotype, but in general, the soil P level was the major driver of microbiome structure followed by plant compartment (rhizosphere versus directly root associated). Slow-growing bacterial taxa increased in the low P soil, whereas fast-growing taxa were enriched in high P soil. The low P soil had a positive effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance, as expected, particularly inside the root. On the other hand, our results did not support selection for microbes associated to plant growth promoting and P solubilization based on P availability. Taken together, our results expand knowledge of which microbial groups are favored in P-deficient oxisol and suggest that P fertilization significantly impacts the species composition and diversity indices of bacteria and fungi communities, both inside the roots and in the rhizosphere.

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