scholarly journals Feasibility of three-dimensional density tomography using dozens of muon radiographies and Filtered BackProjection for volcano

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Nagahara ◽  
Seigo Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Filtered Backprojection ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. This study is the first trial to apply the method of filtered backprojection (FBP) method to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) bulk density images via cosmic-ray muons, We also simulated three-dimensional reconstruction image with dozens of muon radiographies using FBP method for a volcano and evaluated its practicality. FBP method is widely used in X-ray and CT image reconstruction but has not been used in the field of muon radiography. One of the merits to use FBP method instead of ordinary inversion method is that it doesn't require an initial model, while ordinary inversion analysis need an initial model. We also added new approximation factors by using data on mountain topography into existing formulas to successfully reduce systematic reconstruction errors. From a volcanic perspective, airborne radar is commonly used to measure and analyze mountain topography. We tested the performance and applicability to the model of Omuroyama, a monogenetic scoria cone located in Shizuoka, Japan. As a result, it was revealed that the density difference between the original and reconstructed images depended on the number of observation points and the accidental error caused by muon statistics depended on the multiplication of total effective area and exposure period. Combining above all things, we established how to evaluate an observation plan for volcano using dozens of muon radiographies.

scholarly journals Feasibility of three-dimensional density tomography using dozens of muon radiographies and filtered back projection for volcanos

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Nagahara ◽  
Seigo Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Filtered Back Projection ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. This study is the first trial to apply the method of filtered back projection (FBP) to reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) bulk density images via cosmic-ray muons. We also simulated three-dimensional reconstruction image with dozens of muon radiographies for a volcano using the FBP method and evaluated its practicality. The FBP method is widely used in X-ray and CT image reconstruction but has not been used in the field of muon radiography. One of the merits of using the FBP method instead of the ordinary inversion method is that it does not require an initial model, while ordinary inversion analysis needs an initial model. We also added new approximation factors by using data on mountain topography in existing formulas to successfully reduce systematic reconstruction errors. From a volcanic perspective, lidar is commonly used to measure and analyze mountain topography. We tested the performance and applicability to a model of Omuroyama, a monogenetic scoria cone located in Shizuoka, Japan. As a result, it was revealed that the density difference between the original and reconstructed images depended on the number of observation points and the accidental error caused by muon statistics depended on the multiplication of total effective area and exposure period. Combining all of the above, we established how to evaluate an observation plan for volcanos using dozens of muon radiographies.

Three-dimensional Density Reconstruction Analysis Method for Omni-directional Muography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seigo Miyamoto ◽  
Shogo Nagahara
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Density Structure ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Filtered Back Projection ◽  
Linear Inversion ◽  
Reconstruction Methods

<p>Muography is the technique to observe the inner density structure of volcano by using cosmic-ray muons. In previous study, three-dimensional density reconstruction was attempted by using muography data from multiple directions (Tanaka et al., 2010, Rosas-Carbajal et al., 2017), but they could only get a few hundred meters of spatial resolution. To improve the spatial resolution, Nagahara and Miyamoto (2018) suggested omni-directional muography, putting ten or more observation points to surround the volcano.</p><p>  There are two types of three-dimensional density reconstruction methods from omni-directional muography observations, the linear inversion method (Rosas-Carbajal et al., 2017) and the filtered back projection (FBP) method (Nagahara and Miyamoto, 2018). The former is applicable even when the number of observation points is small, but requires many arbitrary parameters, while the latter has the characteristic that no arbitrary parameters are required but a certain number of observation points is required.</p><p>In this presentation, we show the results of a comparison between the two methods in simulation.</p>

scholarly journals MULTI-BASELINE INSAR ELEVATION INVERSION METHOD BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 743-746
Author(s):  
F. Hua ◽  
G. Peng ◽  
L. Lu ◽  
Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
System Errors ◽  
Reconstruction Model ◽  
Better Than

The existing multi-baseline methods have some problems of low accuracy and intensive calculation. In order to solve the problems, a new multi-baseline InSAR elevation inversion method based on a rigorous geometric model instead of a simplified model is proposed in the letter. This method introduces the three-dimensional reconstruction model based on rigorous geometric model and the unknown full cycles of interferometric phase as a parameter to iteratively solve the 3-D coordinates of the target. With adopting the 3-D coordinate information of targets to connect different interferometric data, the new method obviously weakens the effects of system errors on solving the integer cycle and is more reliable than conventional multi-baseline InSAR methods. The experimental results show that the speed and accuracy of the new method are better than the existing methods.

Demonstration of 11-directional muography in Omuro-yama Scoria cone, Izu, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Nagahara ◽  
Seigo Miyamoto ◽  
Kunihiro Morishima ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakano ◽  
Masato Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Scoria Cone ◽  
Density Structure ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Future Plan ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Baseline Diameter ◽  
Observation Results

<p>Muography is the method of determining inner bulk density structures of volcano by using cosmic-ray muons. When we get muography image from one direction, there is no spatial resolution along muon path. However, by observing from multiple directions, three-dimensional density structure can be obtained. In recent years, three-dimensional density reconstruction using two or three muographic images has been performed (Tanaka et al., 2010, Rosas-Carbajal et al., 2017), but they obtained three-dimensional density structure with only several hundreds of meters spatial resolution due to lack of information. To improve the spatial resolution, we suggested “omni-directional muography”, putting ten or more observation points to surround the volcano (Nagahara and Miyamoto, 2018), and we estimated its feasibility by simulation. On the other hand, in recent years, detectors for muography have become larger (Morishima et al., 2018, Olah et al., 2019), and a detector necessary for omni-directional muography can be prepared. Therefore, we demonstrated omni-directional muography in Omuro-yama Scoria cone, Izu, Japan.</p><p>Omuro-yama is a scoria cone formed by a single eruption. The mountain baseline diameter is about 1 kilometer and the height from base is 300 meters. The eruption has been investigated by sediment surveys (Koyano et al.,1996). This mountain has many advantages that are suitable for omnidirectional muography. 1) no mountains around Omuroyama, so no contamination of muon path except in the Omuroyama body. 2) easy to access the detector sites, 3) enough statistics of penetrating muons because of size. We started observing Omuro-yama in 2018. In 2018, we observed for two months from three directions using a 0.01 square meter emulsion detector. In 2019, we performed a three-month observation from eight directions using a 0.02 square meter emulsion detector. As a result of preliminary three-dimensional density reconstruction using the analysis method of Nishiyama et al. (2014), a region with a low density over 200 m in diameter was found under the crater. Currently, we are considering this result carefully. We plan to observe from 30 directions by 2021, including 11 points.</p><p>In this presentation, we report the latest analysis results of observation results from 11 directions and future plan.</p>

scholarly journals A Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Cosmic Ray Events in IceCube

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Dvorak ◽  
Xinhua Bai ◽  
Javier Gonzalez ◽  
Dennis Soldin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

3-D reconstruction of molecular shape from microcrystal thin sections

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
S. Cusack ◽  
J.-C. Jésior
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Shape ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Fourier Space ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques using electron microscopy have been principally developed for application to 2-D arrays (i.e. monolayers) of biological molecules and symmetrical single particles (e.g. helical viruses). However many biological molecules that crystallise form multilayered microcrystals which are unsuitable for study by either the standard methods of 3-D reconstruction or, because of their size, by X-ray crystallography. The grid sectioning technique enables a number of different projections of such microcrystals to be obtained in well defined directions (e.g. parallel to crystal axes) and poses the problem of how best these projections can be used to reconstruct the packing and shape of the molecules forming the microcrystal.Given sufficient projections there may be enough information to do a crystallographic reconstruction in Fourier space. We however have considered the situation where only a limited number of projections are available, as for example in the case of catalase platelets where three orthogonal and two diagonal projections have been obtained (Fig. 1).

Computer Assisted Image Reconstruction of Oligomer Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
A.M. Jones ◽  
A. Max Fiskin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Space Approach

If the tilt of a specimen can be varied either by the strategy of observing identical particles orientated randomly or by use of a eucentric goniometer stage, three dimensional reconstruction procedures are available (l). If the specimens, such as small protein aggregates, lack periodicity, direct space methods compete favorably in ease of implementation with reconstruction by the Fourier (transform) space approach (2). Regardless of method, reconstruction is possible because useful specimen thicknesses are always much less than the depth of field in an electron microscope. Thus electron images record the amount of stain in columns of the object normal to the recording plates. For single particles, practical considerations dictate that the specimen be tilted precisely about a single axis. In so doing a reconstructed image is achieved serially from two-dimensional sections which in turn are generated by a series of back-to-front lines of projection data.

Computer-aided methods for 3-D visualization of serial sections and thick biological specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
Mark Ellisman ◽  
Maryann Martone ◽  
Gabriel Soto ◽  
Eleizer Masliah ◽  
David Hessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Structurally-oriented biologists examine cells, tissues, organelles and macromolecules in order to gain insight into cellular and molecular physiology by relating structure to function. The understanding of these structures can be greatly enhanced by the use of techniques for the visualization and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional structure. Three projects from current research activities will be presented in order to illustrate both the present capabilities of computer aided techniques as well as their limitations and future possibilities.The first project concerns the three-dimensional reconstruction of the neuritic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a software package “Synu” for investigation of 3D data sets which has been used in conjunction with laser confocal light microscopy to study the structure of the neuritic plaque. Tissue sections of autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease were double-labeled for tau, a cytoskeletal marker for abnormal neurites, and synaptophysin, a marker of presynaptic terminals.

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