scholarly journals Development of an online radiative module for the computation of aerosol optical properties in 3-D atmospheric models: validation during the EUCAARI campaign

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-768
Author(s):  
B. Aouizerats ◽  
O. Thouron ◽  
P. Tulet ◽  
M. Mallet ◽  
L. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
The Real ◽  
Models Validation

Abstract. Obtaining a good description of aerosol optical properties for a physically and chemically complex evolving aerosol is computationally very expensive at present. The goal of this work is to propose a new numerical module computing the optical properties for complex aerosol particles at low numerical cost so that it can be implemented in atmospheric models. This method aims to compute the optical properties online as a function of a given complex refractive index deduced from the aerosol chemical composition and the size parameters corresponding to the particles. The construction of look-up tables from the imaginary and the real part of the complex refractive index and size parameters will also be explained. This approach is validated for observations acquired during the EUCAARI campaign on the Cabauw tower during May 2008 and its computing cost is also estimated. These comparisons show that the module manages to reproduce the scattering and absorbing behaviour of the aerosol during most of the fifteen-day period of observation with a very cheap computationally cost.

scholarly journals Development of an online radiative module for the computation of aerosol optical properties in 3-D atmospheric models: validation during the EUCAARI campaign

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aouizerats ◽  
O. Thouron ◽  
P. Tulet ◽  
M. Mallet ◽  
L. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Integrated Project ◽  
Models Validation

Abstract. Obtaining a good description of aerosol optical properties for a physically and chemically complex evolving aerosol is computationally very expensive at present. The goal of this work is to propose a new numerical module computing the optical properties for complex aerosol particles at low numerical cost so that it can be implemented in atmospheric models. This method aims to compute the optical properties online as a function of a given complex refractive index deduced from the aerosol chemical composition and the size parameters corresponding to the particles. The construction of look-up tables from the imaginary and the real part of the complex refractive index and size parameters will also be explained. This approach is validated for observations acquired during the EUCAARI (European integrated project on aerosol cloud climate air quality interactions) campaign on the Cabauw tower during May 2008 and its computing cost is also estimated. These comparisons show that the module manages to reproduce the scattering and absorbing behaviour of the aerosol during most of the fifteen-day period of observation with a very cheap computationally cost.

scholarly journals Broadband spectroscopy of astrophysical ice analogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Giuliano ◽  
A. A. Gavdush ◽  
B. Müller ◽  
K. I. Zaytsev ◽  
T. Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Thz Radiation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Thz Range ◽  
The Time Domain

Context. Reliable, directly measured optical properties of astrophysical ice analogues in the infrared and terahertz (THz) range are missing from the literature. These parameters are of great importance to model the dust continuum radiative transfer in dense and cold regions, where thick ice mantles are present, and are necessary for the interpretation of future observations planned in the far-infrared region. Aims. Coherent THz radiation allows for direct measurement of the complex dielectric function (refractive index) of astrophysically relevant ice species in the THz range. Methods. We recorded the time-domain waveforms and the frequency-domain spectra of reference samples of CO ice, deposited at a temperature of 28.5 K and annealed to 33 K at different thicknesses. We developed a new algorithm to reconstruct the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index from the time-domain THz data. Results. The complex refractive index in the wavelength range 1 mm–150 μm (0.3–2.0 THz) was determined for the studied ice samples, and this index was compared with available data found in the literature. Conclusions. The developed algorithm of reconstructing the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index from the time-domain THz data enables us, for the first time, to determine the optical properties of astrophysical ice analogues without using the Kramers–Kronig relations. The obtained data provide a benchmark to interpret the observational data from current ground-based facilities as well as future space telescope missions, and we used these data to estimate the opacities of the dust grains in presence of CO ice mantles.

scholarly journals A complete parameterisation of the relative humidity and wavelength dependence of the refractive index of hygroscopic inorganic aerosol particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 9837-9851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Cotterell ◽  
Rose E. Willoughby ◽  
Bryan R. Bzdek ◽  
Andrew J. Orr-Ewing ◽  
Jonathan P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy ◽  
Cavity Ring Down

Abstract. Calculations of aerosol radiative forcing require knowledge of wavelength-dependent aerosol optical properties, such as single-scattering albedo. These aerosol optical properties can be calculated using Mie theory from knowledge of the key microphysical properties of particle size and refractive index, assuming that atmospheric particles are well-approximated to be spherical and homogeneous. We provide refractive index determinations for aqueous aerosol particles containing the key atmospherically relevant inorganic solutes of NaCl, NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4 and Na2SO4, reporting the refractive index variation with both wavelength (400–650 nm) and relative humidity (from 100 % to the efflorescence value of the salt). The accurate and precise retrieval of refractive index is performed using single-particle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This approach involves probing a single aerosol particle confined in a Bessel laser beam optical trap through a combination of extinction measurements using cavity ring-down spectroscopy and elastic light-scattering measurements. Further, we assess the accuracy of these refractive index measurements, comparing our data with previously reported data sets from different measurement techniques but at a single wavelength. Finally, we provide a Cauchy dispersion model that parameterises refractive index measurements in terms of both wavelength and relative humidity. Our parameterisations should provide useful information to researchers requiring an accurate and comprehensive treatment of the wavelength and relative humidity dependence of refractive index for the inorganic component of atmospheric aerosol.

scholarly journals Inter-comparison between the Aerosol Optical Properties Retrieved by Different Inversion Methods from SKYNET Sky Radiometer Observations over Qionghai and Yucheng in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Jiang ◽  
Minzheng Duan ◽  
Huizheng Che ◽  
Wenxing Zhang ◽  
Teruyuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Volume Size

Abstract. This study analyzed the aerosol optical properties derived by SKYRAD.pack versions 5.0 and 4.2 using the radiometer measurements over Qionghai and Yucheng in China, two new sites of the sky radiometer network (SKYNET). The volume size distribution retrieved by V5.0 presented bimodal patterns with a 0.1–0.2 μm fine particle mode and a 5–6 μm coarse particle mode both over Qionghai and Yucheng. The differences of the volume size distributions between the two versions were very large for the coarse mode with a radius of over 5 μm. The mean values of single scattering albedo (SSA) at 500 nm retrieved from V5.0 were approximately 0.02 lower, but 0.03 higher than those from V4.2 in Qionghai and Yucheng, respectively. The average imaginary part of the complex refractive index (mi) retrieved from V5.0 at all wavelengths was systemically higher than those by V4.2 over Qionghai. Moreover, the differences between the real parts of the complex refractive index (mr) obtained using the two versions were within 4.25 % both at Yucheng and Qionghai. The seasonal variability of the aerosol properties over Qionghai and Yucheng were investigated based on SKYRAD.pack V5.0. The seasonal average SSA during the winter was larger than those in other seasons in Yucheng, while the lowest SSA values occurred in winter over Qionghai. Meanwhile, the mr showed a minimum in winter over both sites. The results can provide validation data in China for SKYNET to continue improving the data-processing and inversion method. The results provide valuable references for continued improvement of the retrieval algorithms of SKYNET and other aerosol observational networks.

scholarly journals A Complete Parameterization of the Relative Humidity and Wavelength Dependence of the Refractive Index of Hygroscopic Inorganic Aerosol Particles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Cotterell ◽  
Rose E. Willoughby ◽  
Bryan R. Bzdek ◽  
Andrew J. Orr-Ewing ◽  
Jonathan P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy ◽  
Cavity Ring Down

Abstract. Calculations of aerosol radiative forcing require knowledge of wavelength-dependent aerosol optical properties, such as single scattering albedo. These aerosol optical properties can be calculated using Mie theory from knowledge of the key microphysical properties of particle size and refractive index, assuming that atmospheric particles are well-approximated to be spherical and homogeneous. We provide refractive index determinations for aqueous aerosol particles containing the key atmospherically relevant inorganic solutes of NaCl, NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4 and Na2SO4, reporting the refractive index variation with both wavelength (400–650 nm) and relative humidity (from 100 % to the efflorescence value of the salt). The accurate and precise retrieval of refractive index is performed using single particle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This approach involves probing a single aerosol particle confined in a Bessel laser beam optical trap through a combination of extinction measurements by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and elastic light scattering measurements. Further, we assess the accuracy of these refractive index measurements, comparing our data with previously reported data sets from different measurement techniques but at a single wavelength. Finally, we provide a Cauchy dispersion model that parameterizes refractive index measurements in terms of both wavelength and relative humidity. Our parameterizations should provide useful information to researchers requiring an accurate and comprehensive treatment of the wavelength and relative humidity dependence of the inorganic component of atmospheric aerosol.

Composition Dependence of Stratospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowei Li ◽  
John Dykema ◽  
Frank Keutsch
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

<p>Model results suggest organic aerosol represents a significant fraction of total stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing, which in itself could represent as much as a quarter of global radiative forcing. Other model investigations suggest that the radiative influence of organic aerosols and dust must be included to obtain consistency with satellite measurements of stratospheric aerosols. <em>In situ</em> observations suggest that stratospheric aerosol composition is strongly vertically dependent and contains a significant organic component in the lower stratosphere. Laboratory studies suggest a range of possible values for the complex refractive index of organic aerosols in the stratosphere. The real part of the refractive index could vary over a range that brackets the value of the real refractive index for pure sulfuric acid/water aerosols. The imaginary part of the refractive index of the organic component is highly uncertain, suggesting aerosols that range from being purely refractive to significantly absorbing (eg, brown carbon). The mixing state of these mixed composition aerosols is also uncertain; depending on the complex refractive index of the organic component, morphological variation could have a significant influence on aerosol radiative properties. In this work we perform a sensitivity study of shortwave radiative forcing of stratospheric aerosols, examining the influence of different plausible values of complex refractive index and particle morphologies. <em>In situ</em> measurements of aerosol size and composition are used to represent the size distribution, vertical profile, and organic mass fraction for the computation of aerosol optical properties. These profiles of aerosol optical properties are used as inputs to a radiative transfer model to calculate profiles of shortwave fluxes and radiative heating rates for standard model atmospheres. The implications of the variations in aerosol optical depth and resulting radiative forcing are interpreted in terms of implications for satellite measurements of stratospheric radiative forcing. The various radiative forcing results and remote sensing implications for different scenarios of organic complex refractive index and morphology call for better understandings of the effects of chemical evolution and transport dynamics on the aerosol optical properties in the stratosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Variability of the infrared complex refractive index of African mineral dust: experimental estimation and implications for radiative transfer and satellite remote sensing

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 11093-11116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Di Biagio ◽  
H. Boucher ◽  
S. Caquineau ◽  
S. Chevaillier ◽  
J. Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Real

Abstract. Experimental estimations of the infrared refractive index of African mineral dust have been retrieved from laboratory measurements of particle transmission spectra in the wavelength range 2.5–25 μm. Five dust samples collected at Banizoumbou (Niger) and Tamanrasset (Algeria) during dust events originated from different Western Saharan and Sahelian areas have been investigated. The real (n) and imaginary (k) parts of the refractive index obtained for the different dust samples vary in the range 1.1–2.7 and 0.05–1.0, respectively, and are strongly sensitive to the mineralogical composition of the particles, especially in the 8–12 and 17–25 μm spectral intervals. Dust absorption is controlled mainly by clays (kaolinite, illite, smectite) and, to a lesser extent, by quartz and calcium-rich minerals (e.g. calcite, gypsum). Significant differences are obtained when comparing our results with existing experimental estimations available in the literature, and with the values of the OPAC (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds) database. The different data sets appear comparable in magnitude, with our values of n and k falling within the range of variability of past studies. However, literature data fail in accurately reproducing the spectral signatures of the main minerals, in particular clays, and they significantly overestimate the contribution of quartz. Furthermore, the real and the imaginary parts of the refractive index from some literature studies are found not to verify the Kramers–Kronig relations, thus being theoretically incorrect. The comparison between our results, from western Africa, and literature data, from different locations in Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean, nonetheless, confirms the expected large variability of the dust infrared refractive index. This highlights the necessity for an extended systematic investigation of dust properties at infrared wavelengths. For the five analysed dust samples, aerosol intensive optical properties relevant to radiative transfer (mass extinction efficiency, kext, single scattering albedo, ω, and asymmetry factor, g) have been calculated, by using the Mie theory, based on the estimated refractive index and measured particle size distribution. The optical properties show a large sample-to-sample variability, with kext, ω, and g varying in the range 0.05–0.35, 0.25–1.0, and 0.05–0.75. This variability is expected to significantly impact satellite retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters (e.g. from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, IASI) and estimates of the dust radiative forcing.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Ultra-Thin Films of Azo-Dye-Doped Polymers Using Ellipsometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Najat Andam ◽  
Siham Refki ◽  
Hidekazu Ishitobi ◽  
Yasushi Inouye ◽  
Zouheir Sekkat
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Doped Polymers

The determination of optical constants (i.e., real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index (nc) and thickness (d)) of ultrathin films is often required in photonics. It may be done by using, for example, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy combined with either profilometry or atomic force microscopy (AFM). SPR yields the optical thickness (i.e., the product of nc and d) of the film, while profilometry and AFM yield its thickness, thereby allowing for the separate determination of nc and d. In this paper, we use SPR and profilometry to determine the complex refractive index of very thin (i.e., 58 nm) films of dye-doped polymers at different dye/polymer concentrations (a feature which constitutes the originality of this work), and we compare the SPR results with those obtained by using spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements performed on the same samples. To determine the optical properties of our film samples by ellipsometry, we used, for the theoretical fits to experimental data, Bruggeman’s effective medium model for the dye/polymer, assumed as a composite material, and the Lorentz model for dye absorption. We found an excellent agreement between the results obtained by SPR and ellipsometry, confirming that SPR is appropriate for measuring the optical properties of very thin coatings at a single light frequency, given that it is simpler in operation and data analysis than spectroscopic ellipsometry.

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