Supplementary material to "Sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater at agricultural operations overlying glacial sediments"

Abstract. Leaching of nitrate (NO3−) from animal waste or fertilizers at agricultural operations can result in NO3− contamination of groundwater, lakes, and streams. Understanding the sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater systems in glacial sediments, which underlie many agricultural operations, is critical for managing impacts of human food production on the environment. Elevated NO3− concentrations in groundwater can be naturally attenuated through mixing or denitrification. Here we use snapshots of the stable isotope values of NO3− to quantify denitrification in groundwater at two confined feeding operations overlying glacial sediments in Alberta, Canada. Uncertainty in δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values of the NO3− source and denitrification enrichment factors are accounted for using a Monte Carlo approach. When denitrification could be quantified, we reconstructed the initial NO3-N concentration and NO3-N / Cl− ratio at the point of entry to the groundwater system. The addition of NO3− to the local groundwater system from temporary manure piles and pens equalled or exceeded NO3− additions due to leaching from earthen manure storages at these sites. Nitrate attenuation at both sites is attributed to a spatially variable combination of mixing and denitrification, but is dominated by denitrification. On-site denitrification reduced agriculturally derived NO3− concentrations by at least half and, in some wells, completely. These results indicate that infiltration to groundwater systems in glacial sediments where NO3− can be naturally attenuated is likely preferable to off farm export via runoff or drainage networks. The application of isotopes of nitrate to constrain a mixing model based on concentrations of Cl− and NO3−, which can be routinely monitored in groundwater, provides a relatively simple method to assess the sources and fate of agriculturally derived NO3− in these settings.

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Sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater at agricultural operations overlying glacial sediments

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-23-1355-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 1355-1373 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sarah A. Bourke ◽

Mike Iwanyshyn ◽

Jacqueline Kohn ◽

M. Jim Hendry

Keyword(s):

Enrichment Factors ◽

Organic N ◽

Groundwater System ◽

Glacial Sediments ◽

Point Of Entry ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Potable Water Supply ◽

Groundwater Systems ◽

Agricultural Operations ◽

Variable Combination

Abstract. Leaching of nitrate (NO3-) from animal waste or fertilisers at agricultural operations can result in NO3- contamination of groundwater, lakes, and streams. Understanding the sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater systems in glacial sediments, which underlie many agricultural operations, is critical for managing impacts of human food production on the environment. Elevated NO3- concentrations in groundwater can be naturally attenuated through mixing or denitrification. Here we use isotopic enrichment of the stable isotope values of NO3- to quantify the amount of denitrification in groundwater at two confined feeding operations overlying glacial sediments in Alberta, Canada. Uncertainty in δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values of the NO3- source and denitrification enrichment factors are accounted for using a Monte Carlo approach. When denitrification could be quantified, we used these values to constrain a mixing model based on NO3- and Cl− concentrations. Using this novel approach we were able to reconstruct the initial NO3−N concentration and NO3-N/Cl- ratio at the point of entry to the groundwater system. Manure filtrate had total nitrogen (TN) of up to 1820 mg L−1, which was predominantly organic N and NH3. Groundwater had up to 85 mg L−1 TN, which was predominantly NO3-. The addition of NO3- to the local groundwater system from temporary manure piles and pens equalled or exceeded NO3- additions from earthen manure storages at these sites. On-farm management of manure waste should therefore increasingly focus on limiting manure piles in direct contact with the soil and encourage storage in lined lagoons. Nitrate attenuation at both sites is attributed to a spatially variable combination of mixing and denitrification, but is dominated by denitrification. Where identified, denitrification reduced agriculturally derived NO3- concentrations by at least half and, in some wells, completely. Infiltration to groundwater systems in glacial sediments where NO3- can be naturally attenuated is likely preferable to off-farm export via runoff or drainage networks, especially if local groundwater is not used for potable water supply.

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Rapid geomorphological and sedimentological changes at a modern Alpine ice margin: lessons from the Gepatsch Glacier, Tirol, Austria

Journal of the Geological Society ◽

10.1144/jgs2021-052 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jgs2021-052

Author(s):

Daniel Paul Le Heron ◽

Christoph Kettler ◽

Bethan J. Davies ◽

Lars Scharfenberg ◽

Lukas Eder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Mass Wasting ◽

Erosion And Deposition ◽

Content Type ◽

Glacial Sediments ◽

Time Period ◽

Preservation Potential ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Sand And Gravel ◽

First Time

The Gepatsch Glacier in Tirol (Austria) is a rapidly retreating valley glacier whose host valley and forefield reveal subglacial, proglacial, and reworked sediment-landform assemblages. Structures include roches moutonées develop on gneiss, compound bedrock-sediment bedforms (crag and tail structures), flutes, and small diamicton ridges. The glacial sediments and landforms are undergoing incision and terrace development by meltwater streams. Glacial geomorphological and surface geological maps maps, in concert with elevation models of difference between July 2019 and July 2020 highlight considerable changes to the forefield over a 12-month time period. Till exposed within the last 20 years has undergone substantial mass wasting and re-deposition as subaerial mass flows, or reworked into stream deposits. The lee sides of many roches moutonées completely lack subglacial sediment, and instead contain a sand and gravel deposit interpreted to result from glaciofluvial deposition. Thus, insights into the rates of erosion and deposition in a complex, proglacial setting, allow some of these processes to be quantified for the first time. Repeated monitoring of glacier forefields is expected to yield a better understanding of the preservation potential of proglacial sedimentary facies, and hence their preservation potential in Earth's sedimentary record.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5664299

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Florida Agritourism Building and Fire Codes

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-wc349-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary Beth Henry ◽

Kathryn A Stofer

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Education ◽

Local Governments ◽

Regulatory Authority ◽

Building Codes ◽

Bona Fide ◽

Agricultural Operations ◽

On Farm ◽

Fire Codes

Agritourism marries Florida’s two largest industries, tourism and agriculture, to provide an on-farm recreational experience for consumers. Although Florida trails many other states in the number of agritourism operations, the number of Florida farms offering recreational experiences more than doubled from 2007 to 2012. This new 4-page document describes building codes relevant to Florida agritourism operations. Written by Mary Beth Henry and Kathryn A. Stofer, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc349 A companion document, Florida’s Agritourism Laws, EDIS publication AEC623, Florida’s Agritourism Laws, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc285, discusses Florida Statutes related to definitions, liability protections, and limits to regulatory authority of local governments over bona fide agricultural operations engaged in agritourism.

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Designing Workbook for Teaching Writing Descriptive Text Based on Scientific Approach

JELTIM (Journal of English Language Teaching Innovations and Materials) ◽

10.26418/jeltim.v1i2.26969 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Indah Pratiwi ◽

Yanti Sri Rezeki

Keyword(s):

Teaching Writing ◽

English Teacher ◽

Design Development ◽

Seventh Grade ◽

Internal Evaluation ◽

Writing Ability ◽

Good Book ◽

Scientific Approach ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Analysis Design

This research aims to design workbook based on the scientific approach for teaching writing descriptive text. This research was conducted on the seventh-grade students of SMPN 24 Pontianak. The method of this research is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) with the exclusion of Implementation and Evaluation phases. This material was designed as supplementary material to support the course book used especially in teaching writing of descriptive text. The respondents in this research were the seventh-grade students and an English teacher at SMPN 24 Pontianak. In this research, the researchers found that workbook based on scientific approach fulfilled the criteria of the good book to teach writing descriptive text. The researchers conducted an internal evaluation to see the usability and the feasibility of the workbook. The result of the evaluation is 89%. It showed that the workbook is feasible to be used by students as the supplementary material to support the main course book and help the students improve their writing ability in descriptive text.

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Catalytic Fluorination of Boron Compounds at a Bismuth Redox Platform

10.26434/chemrxiv.9729143 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Oriol Planas ◽

Feng Wang ◽

Markus Leutzsch ◽

Josep Cornella

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Main Group ◽

Group Element ◽

Oxidation States ◽

Boron Compounds ◽

Main Text ◽

Main Group Element ◽

Rational Ligand Design ◽

Supplementary Material

The ability of bismuth to maneuver between different oxidation states in a catalytic redox cycle, mimicking the canonical organometallic steps associated to a transition metal, is an elusive and unprecedented approach in the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein we present a catalytic protocol based on bismuth, a benign and sustainable main-group element, capable of performing every organometallic step in the context of oxidative fluorination of boron compounds; a territory reserved to transition metals. A rational ligand design featuring hypervalent coordination together with a mechanistic understanding of the fundamental steps, permitted a catalytic fluorination protocol based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple, which represents a unique example where a main-group element is capable of outperforming its transition metal counterparts.<br>A main text and supplementary material have been attached as pdf files containing all the methodology, techniques and characterization of the compounds reported.<br>

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