scholarly journals Quantifying the impacts of compound extremes on agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-564
Author(s):  
Iman Haqiqi ◽  
Danielle S. Grogan ◽  
Thomas W. Hertel ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Wet Heat

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a growing amount of literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. This study combines a fine-scale weather product with outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional metrics of individual and compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, a yield response function is estimated with individual and compound metrics, focusing on corn in the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, the findings suggest that metrics of compound hydroclimatic extremes are better predictors of corn yield variations than metrics of individual extremes. The results also confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for corn. This study shows the average yield damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Haqiqi ◽  
Danielle S. Grogan ◽  
Thomas W. Hertel ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.

Impact of foliar fungicide timing and fungicide class on corn yield response in the United States and Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiersten A. Wise ◽  
Damon L. Smith ◽  
Anna Freije ◽  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Corn Yield Response to Water Stress, Heat Units, and Management: Model Development and Calibration

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Swan ◽  
J. A. Staricka ◽  
M. J. Shaffer ◽  
W. H. Paulson ◽  
A. E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Response To Water

Comparison of corn yield response to plant water stress caused by salinity and by drought

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Katerji ◽  
J.W. van Hoorn ◽  
A. Hamdy ◽  
M. Mastrorilli
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Stress

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Stress Combined with a Heatwave on Reproduction and Yield of Roma-VF Tomatoes

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Amuji
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Plasticity

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most consumed fruits, supplying humanity with both economic and nutritional benefits. However, its production is affected significantly by climatic conditions especially extreme weather events, such as heat waves, flooding and drought. The objective of this study was to evaluate the additively combined effects of heat and water stresses on the reproductive traits and yield of Roma-VF tomato variety. Pollen morphology, number of developed flowers, fruits and aerial biomass were monitored. At five weeks after sowing, the tomato plants were subjected to day/night temperatures of 28/20 °C as a control treatment and 35/23 °C as the heat stress treatment. The water stress was imposed by reducing the water received by plants in each 10-L plastic pot to 70% soil field capacity (moderate stress) and 40% (severe stress). The stress lasted for eight weeks, which was followed by five weeks of recovery period. Our results showed that plants under additively combined heat stress with either moderate or severe water stress produced flowers with no single pollens during the treatment period. We also found that Roma-VF tomato has a high plasticity in response to this particular heat stress for vegetative growth when well irrigated, but when heat and water stresses were additively combined the plants became highly susceptible. This is also the first report of yield response of Roma-VF tomatoes to the additively combined effect of heat and water stressors.

scholarly journals Use of Real-Time Multisensor Data to Assess the Relationship of Normalized Corn Yield with Monthly Rainfall and Heat Stress across the Central United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Westcott ◽  
Steven E. Hollinger ◽  
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rainfall Estimates

Abstract This study evaluated the suitability of rain estimates based on the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network to estimate yield response to rainfall on a county scale and to provide real-time information related to crop stress resulting from deficient or excessive precipitation throughout the summer. The relationship between normalized corn yield and rainfall was examined for nine states in the central United States for 1997–99 and 2001–02. Monthly rainfall estimates were computed employing multisensor precipitation estimate (MPE) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and quality-controlled (QC_Coop) and real-time (RT_Coop) NWS cooperative gauge data. In-season MPE rain estimates were found to be of comparable quality to the postseason QC_Coop estimates for predicting county corn yields. Both MPE and QC_Coop estimates were better related to corn yield than were RT_Coop estimates, presumably because of the lower density of RT_Coop gauges. Large corn yields typically resulted when May rain was less than 125 mm and July rain was greater than 50 mm. Low yields often occurred when July rainfall was less than 100 mm. For moderate July rains (50–100 mm), positive and negative normalized yields resulted. Parameterization of heat stress (number of July days > 32.2°C) improved the correlation between rainfall and normalized corn yield, particularly for years with the poorest yield-vs-rain relationship (1998 and 1999). For the combined analysis years, the multiple regression correlation coefficient was 0.56, incorporating May and July rainfall and July heat stress and explaining 31% of the variance of normalized corn yield. Results show that MPE rainfall estimates provide timely yield projections within the growing season.

Processes of import substitution in the market of meat and dairy products in the context of economic policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
T.N. Belova ◽  
V.S. Konkina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Key Indicators

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

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