scholarly journals Sixtieth anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (1957–2017) – contribution of the Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Lyubovtseva ◽  
Alexei D. Gvishiani ◽  
Anatoly A. Soloviev ◽  
Olga O. Samokhina ◽  
Roman I. Krasnoperov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
Sixtieth Anniversary

Abstract. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) was the most significant international scientific event in geophysical sciences in the history of mankind. This was the largest international experiment that brought together about 300 000 scientists from 67 countries. Well-planned activity of national and international committees was organized for the first time. The history of the IGY organization and complex international experiments in planetary geophysics conducted within its program are discussed in this article. Special attention is given to the estimation of the significance of this project for developing worldwide geophysical research.

scholarly journals Emigration of Jews from the Soviet Union in the 1960-1970s through the eyes of the American press

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Antoshin ◽  
Dmitry L. Strovsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Press ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the features of Soviet emigration and repatriation in the second half of the 1960s through the early 1970s, when for the first time after a long period of time, and as a result of political agreements between the USSR and the USA, hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews were able to leave the Soviet Union for good and settle in the United States and Israel. Our attention is focused not only on the history of this issue and the overall political situation of that time, but mainly on the peculiarities of this issue coverage by the leading American printed media. The reference to the media as the main empirical source of this study allows not only perceiving the topic of emigration and repatriation in more detail, but also seeing the regularities of the political ‘face’ of the American press of that time. This study enables us to expand the usual framework of knowledge of emigration against the background of its historical and cultural development in the 20th century.

Modern domestic cinema and the legacy of shaken Aimanov

Keruen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (69) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Jumadilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
National Cinema ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet state of post-Soviet autonomous republics turned out to be the ideology for which cinematographers and screenwriters have to make a film epic of epoch - national cinema. In this article, the author can only use the ever-present cinematography, the unmerciful nationalistic culture, the ideological orientation of the film industry, the uniqueness or national identity. It's a good idea to have a world-renowned artisan who is doing all the same, seeking internationalization and gloss? Another - cinematic and astrophysical art of Shaken Aimanov, whose works live in volumes or polls, and others. For many years, many changes have taken place in the national cinema, such as national culture, a national emblem of national culture. For the first time in the history of national cinema, national cinema and the world of cinema, the future and future films have been transformed into a lot of changes. The Concept of distinguished singer Shaken Aimanova is embodied in the volume, which, unlike the researchers and artists all over the world of cinema Shaken Aimnayev, the director of which, as long as he is a filmmaker, creates a film studio as part of national culture.

К вопросу об отношениях между дальневосточными железнодорожниками и Советским руководством с начала 1930-х до 1945 гг

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-297
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Gnatovskaya ◽  
Alexander Alexeevich Kim
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention

This work presents new research on the everyday life of railroad workers in the Soviet Far East and their relations with the authorities beginning in the 1930s to 1945. The authors present their findings from a number of archival materials that are examined here for the first time in a scholarly manner. The article examines aspects of labor organization, socialist competition, labor discipline, and workers’ participation in various railway political and ideological campaigns during these years. The authors also give significant attention to the reactions of the workers to the policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (cpsu), laborers’ behavior in the workplace, and the history of various mass campaigns.

Lt Cdr George R. Lush, M.B.E., R.N

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Geophysical

Commander Lush will be remembered in the record of the Royal Society as one who played a distinguished role in the Society’s history of expeditions. He took a leading part in two of these. First from January 1956 to January 1957 when as a member of the advance party, under the leadership of Surgeon Commander David Dalgliesh, he participated in the setting up of the Society’s Antarctic geophysical research station, later named Halley Bay, as a contribution to the International Geophysical Year. The party, having sailed in MV Tottan made landfall in the southerly Weddell Sea where man had not trod before and in the severe Antarctic conditions, built the research station which has been the base of so much valuable geophysical work ever since. George Lush with all his skill and determination gave conspicuous service in this year’s operation.

Le relazioni fra Italia e Urss nella prima fase della distensione

2009 ◽  
pp. 113-154
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
European Security ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

- The relations between Italy and the Ussr, almost absent after WWII began to grow during the years of détente. Their development offers useful insight on the long-term cleavages which led to the fall of the Soviet Union. The documents, published here for the first time, come from Rgani (State Archive of Contemporary History of the Russian Federation) and offer an outline of the crucial period in the mid-1960s. From them, it is possible to grasp the main elements of the Ussr's foreign policy towards Italy: the central role of an explorative diplomacy; a negative attitude towards the center-left governments; the close relations with the large Italian industrial groups; the lasting centrality of the political link with Pci; and, above all, the firm belief of the Kremlin leadership that the economic and cultural détente would have, in the long run, deep political effects. They were right; what they weren't able to predict is that they would be the losers.Key words: Cold War, Détente, European security, economic diplomacy, Center left governements, Cpsu/Cpi.Parole chiave: guerra fredda, distensione, sicurezza europea, diplomazia economica, governi di centrosinistra, Pcus/Pci.

Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet countries. Kyrgyz Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-118
Author(s):  
ALMAZBEK AKMATALIEV ◽  
◽  
ABDYRAMANOVA SHABDANBAEVNA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Political Decisions

The article examines the features of the development of Kyrgyz statehood after gaining independence in 1991. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, not only the economic system but also the system of public administration and civil service underwent a complete reform, since it was also required to respond to the changed realities. The formation of the young Kyrgyz state was accompanied by a catastrophic decline in production, inflation, an increase in poverty and crime. However, the actions of the authorities minimized negative trends and provided a clear and transparent legislative basis for changes in the country. The political decisions allowed starting the fight against corruption, carrying out the necessary reforms, and providing Kyrgyzstan with the opportunity to become an example of a small open economy that has taken strategic measures to establish new market institutions. In 2017, for the first time in the modern history of the Central Asian states, a peaceful transfer of presidential power was carried out in the Kyrgyz Republic. The current constitution limits presidential powers to one six-year term.

Soviet Antarctic plans after the International Geophysical Year: changes in policy

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Gan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ussr Council ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

ABSTRACTThe final months of the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958 were a period when the political and scientific future of the Antarctic was being shaped, with many of the participating countries reassessing their policies regarding the South Polar region. This paper explores the thinking of both political and scientific figures in the USSR that helped mould Soviet Antarctic policy during this time and demonstrates that the two perspectives did not necessarily coincide. The political perspective is exemplified by the deputy chairman of the USSR council of ministers and member of the central committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Aleksei Kosygin, and the scientific perspective by the deputy director of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Mikhail Somov. The fact that there was interplay between both viewpoints when planning the Soviet post IGY Antarctic programmes shows that political considerations did not always prevail over the scientific, with national prestige being an area in which their interests overlapped. Ultimately, Somov was instrumental in reducing to some extent the effects of the Soviet government's attempts to curtail Soviet Antarctic research operations when it was reassessing its policy in the light of new international initiatives regarding future collaboration in the Antarctic.

Perepiska [Letters], Mikhail Lifschitz and György Lukács, Moscow: Grundrisse, 2011; Pisma V. Dostalu, V. Arslanovu, M. Mikhailovu [Letters to V. Dostal, V. Arslanov, M. Mikhailov], Mikhail Lifschitz, Moscow: Grundrisse, 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Evgeni V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gyorgy Lukacs ◽  
Cultural Role

Abstract The two volumes of letters by Mikhail Lifschitz, recently published in Russian, reveal for the first time certain aspects of his relationship with György Lukács and his general intellectual and cultural role in the long history of Soviet aesthetics. The first volume contains all the known letters between Lifschitz and Lukács; the second volume contains the letters from Lifschitz to three of his younger colleagues. Both volumes throw considerable light on the development of Marxist aesthetics in the Soviet Union from the 1930s to the 1980s. The extensive commentaries and notes provide context for the various discussions in the letters and situate the main issues under consideration within the wider historical and social context of the period.

Amongst the palm trees: ruminations on the 1959 Antarctic Treaty

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
International Geophysical

Surrounded by potted palm trees, the 12 delegations including the Soviet Union invited to participate by the United States government decided, over the course of six intense weeks, the legal, political and scientific future of the Antarctic continent and surrounding seas. Thanks in part to the neatly typed entries of Brian Roberts, the Foreign Office's polar advisor for many years; we have at least one source that vividly conveys (from the perspective of a British delegate of course) the febrile atmosphere surrounding the conference (see King and Savours 1995; Dodds 2008). Notwithstanding the achievements of the recently completed 1957–1958 International Geophysical Year and its extension the International Geophysical Co-operation (1959), there was no reason to presume that an Antarctic Treaty would be recognised as legitimate and sufficiently robust to accommodate all the parties concerned. Indeed, it is not uncommon to read in the reports prepared by the delegates for their domestic political leaders, a whole series of counter-factual possibilities if the negotiations failed to secure a modus vivendi for the polar region. We may not assume, therefore, that it was in any way inevitable that a treaty (lasting now for over fifty years) would have emerged when the delegates sat down to discuss the future of Antarctica in October 1959. The treaty was nearly not ratified in Argentina for example because of the anger felt by some political leaders about Article IV and what they considered the ‘giving away’ of Argentine sovereign rights.

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