scholarly journals Coincident Visualization of Uncertainty and Value for Point Symbols

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Petr Kubíček ◽  
Milan Konečný ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Zdeněk Stachoň ◽  
Radim Štampach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Uncertainty Visualization ◽  
Visual Semiotics ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Uncertainty Representation ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Work Done

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The issue of uncertainty as a generic phenomenon in the natural world has been at the centre of both the cartographic and GI communities since the beginning of geographic data quality research. In accordance with the development of theoretical aspects of cartographic visualization and methods of uncertainty propagation in models, the generally accepted opinion is that uncertainty has to be presented to users in an unambiguous and understandable way. Despite reasonable amounts of work done in the field of uncertainty visualization methods (MacEachren1992, Leitner and Buttenfield 2000) and the testing of impact of visualization on decision making (Senaratne et al. 2012; Kinkeldy et al. 2015), there is still a wide gap between the uncertainty visualization theory and widely accepted use of uncertainty representation within decision making process. MacEachren et al. (2012), Fabrikant et al. (2010) initiated the discussion towards optimization of uncertainty visualization regarding visual semiotics and use of specific representations of uncertainty within complex mapping compositions and application context. However, their studies left also some open questions to be solved regarding the international audience of users.</p><p>The presented study focused on two unresolved topics, namely how would users perceive the uncertainty point map signs within a complex map field and what would be the appropriate visualization in case if there is a need to combine value and uncertainty together. Moreover, we performed the testing in two different cultural environments in Brno (Czech Republic, Europe) and Nanjing (China).</p>

A Locational Decision Making Framework for Shipbreaking under Multiple Criteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshin John ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Locational Decision ◽  
Decision Making Framework ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Relevant Factors

The decision making process for shipbreaking is complicated and is dependent on multiple factors. However, due to the vastly unorganized nature of shipbreaking industry in major shipbreaking locations, there is little work done to the best of the authors' knowledge, wherein these factors are mapped, weighed and integrated in the form of a comprehensive decision making framework. In recent years, although there have been significant efforts by researchers to capture the process of shipbreaking and recycling in literature, a comprehensive decision support system that encapsulates the multiple criteria for shipbreaking in a quantifiable form, is yet to be developed. This paper attempts to bridge this gap, by formulating a decision making framework, particularly for selecting the shipbreaking facility and the extent of recycling subsequent to ship disassembly, using AHP methodology. The framework considers the relevant factors, and is useful not only for shipping companies and cash brokers for decision making, but also provides insights vis-à-vis the migrating pattern of shipbreaking industry, particularly from Indian subcontinent to China, as observed in the contemporary business environment.

scholarly journals Conservative Care, Dialysis Withdrawal, and Palliative Care: Results from a Survey of a Non-Profit Dialysis Provider in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Pommer ◽  
Sarah Wagner ◽  
Julia Thumfart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Care Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dialysis Withdrawal

Background: In Germany, practice patterns of conservative renal care (CRC), dialysis withdrawal (DW), and concomitant palliative care in patients who choose these options are unknown. Method: A survey was designed including 13 structured and one open questions on the management and frequency of CRC and DW, local palliative care structure, and fundamentals of the decision-making process, and addressed to the head physicians of all renal centers (n = 193) of a non-profit renal care provider (KfH – Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation, Neu-Isenburg, Germany). Results: Response rate was 62.2% (n = 122 centers) comprising 14,197 prevalent dialysis patients and 159,652 renal outpatients. Two-thirds of the respondents were men (85% in the age group between 45 and 64 years). Mean time of experience in renal medicine was 22.2 years in men, 20.8 years in women. 94% of all centers provided CRC with a different frequency and proportion of patients (mean 8.4% of the center population, median 5%, range 0–50%). Mean proportion of DW was 2.85% per year (median 2%, range 1–15%). Physicians and center features were not significantly associated with utilization of CRC or DW. Palliative care management varied including local palliative teams, support by general physicians, or by the renal team itself. Hospice care was only established in patients undergoing CRC. Fundamentals of the decision-making process were the desire of the patient (90% in CRC, 67% in DW). Patients undergoing CRC changed their opinion towards treatment modality “frequently” in 18% of the cases, “occasionally” in 73%. Physicians’ decisions were mostly driven by presumed fatal prognosis and poor physical or mental conditions of the individual patient. Different barriers to provide palliative care for the renal population like lack of education in palliative medicine, shortness of staff, lack of financial resources, and local palliative care structures were reported. Conclusion: Compared to international numbers, in Germany, proportion of CRC and DW reported by non-profit renal centers is in the lower range. Center practice of palliative care management varies and is driven by availability of local palliative care resources and presumably by attitudes of the renal teams. Quality of palliative care and the decision-making process need further evaluation.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE : PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF USING IN THE PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
D.V. Krasikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Work Done

The review considers the positions of a number of foreign authors on the problems and prospects of using artificial intelligence in the practice of international arbitration. Common to the respective authors’ views is the recognition of the possibility of using AI for data processing within the research work done by the parties while elaborating their positions, as well as for using by arbitrators as a supplementary tool within the decision-making process.

Regret and Disappointment: A Conceptualization of their Role in Ethical Decision-making

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Rajeev ◽  
Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Work Done

Workplaces provide settings for the manifestation of an assortment of emotions that impact managerial decisions, ethical or otherwise, in a variety of ways. Most of the research work in this domain has concentrated on identifying and analysing the influence of positive affect on decision-making, with little work done on negative affect and its implications. To address this gap, the paper seeks to study the role of negative affect in ethical decision-making by managers. All decisions have outcomes. Post-decision affect may be negative when a decision appears to be wrong in retrospect, and ⁄ or when the outcome of a decision is not what was expected. How does negative affect experienced by an individual as a consequence of a decision impact his⁄her potential ethical decision-making process? In order to develop a model that illustrates how negative affect might impact the components of an individual's ethical decision-making process, this paper makes use of two negative emotions: Regret Dissappointment. Although regret and disappointment have a lot in common, they differ in ways that are relevant to decision-making. Unlike other emotions, regret is unique in its relation to decisionmaking and responsibility. Individuals regret an outcome when they could have taken a different decision and prevented that outcome. Being an outcome of individual choice and hence personal agency, its behavioural consequences comprise an active attempt to undo the unpleasant effects of the decision that went wrong. Disappointment on the contrary is experienced when the negative outcome is the result of a random procedure rather than choice. The behavioural consequences of disappointment might include complaining and talking about the event to others, feelings of powerlessness and a tendency to do nothing and get away from the situation. The paper discusses the possible behavioural consequences of the two emotions in terms of ethical decision-making. As numerous ethical decision-making models have succeeded in integrating personspecific, issue contingent, and organizational contributors to ethical decisions, the need now is to probe further into specific causalities. Understanding affect induced by work is important to gain further insights into the person-specific variables that impact ethical decisions. This paper is an attempt in that direction.

Decision Making and Constraint Tradeoff Visualization for Design Under Uncertainty

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirisha Rangavajhala ◽  
Achille Messac
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Uncertainty Visualization ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Constraint Feasibility

In design optimization problems under uncertainty, two conflicting issues are generally of interest to the designer: feasibility and optimality. In this research, we adopt the philosophy that design, especially under uncertainty, is a decision making process, where the associated tradeoffs can be conveniently understood using multiobjective optimization. The importance of constraint feasibility and the associated tradeoffs, especially in the presence of equality constraints, is examined in this paper. We propose a three-step decision making framework that facilitates effective decision making under uncertainty: (1) formulating a multiobjective problem that effectively models the tradeoffs under uncertainty, (2) generating design alternatives by solving the proposed multiobjective robust design formulation, and (3) choosing a final design using filtering and constraint uncertainty visualization schemes. The proposed framework can be used to systematically explore the design space from a constraint tradeoff perspective. A tolerance synthesis example is used to illustrate the proposed decision making process.

AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Abbott ◽  
Debby McBride
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Feature Match

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.

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