scholarly journals Variation of Geospatial Representation of Community Hazard Maps with Disaster Prevention Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Toru Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Prevention Activities

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the limitation of assistance by public bodies in the time of such massive natural disaster struck has been recognized. Moreover, it has acknowledged that self-help by suffered families and mutual support of neighbours are crucial to mitigate further damage. Since then, the major focus of the disaster management in Japan has altered to effectiveness of non-structural measures for a forecast crisis. Thus, improving the existing hazard maps into those that show actions to be taken by residents in an easy-to-understand manner has been dictated by the national government.</p><p>This study discusses the geospatial representation of an alternative hazard map from residents’ perspective with the local community activities. Those mapping activities have been conducted for some years in a study area. Then, the geospatial information represented on the community hazard map has gradually changed. At the early year of the activities, the map represents the certainty of disaster risks. At the late year of those after few modifications have made, the map mainly argues the possibility of risks from residents’ perspective.</p>

scholarly journals Association of Structural Social Capital and Self-Reported Well-Being among Japanese Community-Dwelling Adults: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8284
Author(s):  
Kazuya Nogi ◽  
Haruhiko Imamura ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Yuji Nishiwaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Structural Social Capital

Previous studies have shown both positive and non-positive associations between social capital and health. However, longitudinal evidence examining its comprehensive effects on well-being is still limited. This study examined whether structural social capital in the local community was related to the later well-being of Japanese people aged 40 or above. A 3.6-year longitudinal study was conducted in a rural Japanese town. “Well-being” was measured using three indicators (happiness, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms), and those who were high in well-being in the baseline 2015 survey and responded to the follow-up 2018 survey were analyzed (n = 1032 for happiness, 938 for self-rated health, and 471 for depressive symptoms). Multilevel Poisson regression analysis adjusted for covariates showed that having contact with fewer neighbors was associated with a decline in happiness at both the community level (adjusted relative risk = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–1.63) and the individual level (adjusted relative risk = 1.51, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.17), but participation in local community activities was not. The results suggest that dense personal networks might be more important in areas with thriving local community activities, not only for individuals but also for all community members.

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL COMMUNITY COLLAPSE FACTORS ON REGIONAL DISASTER PREVENTION POWER

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. I_97-I_105
Author(s):  
Hirohiko IWAHARA ◽  
Wataru SHIRAKI ◽  
Hitoshi INOMO ◽  
Kyosuke TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Disaster Prevention

P2-542: LOCAL COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES: DEMENTIA CARE CLASSES AND COMMUNITY SALON PREVENT THE ISOLATION OF PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AND FAMILY CAREGIVERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_17) ◽  
pp. P944-P945
Author(s):  
Sayaka Takeuchi ◽  
Aya Seike ◽  
Naoki Ohkubo ◽  
Nobue Mizuno ◽  
Naoki Saji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
People With Dementia

Changing Epidemiology of Mumps and Its Impact on University Campuses

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-784
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Sosin ◽  
Stephen L Cochi ◽  
Robert A. Gunn ◽  
Charles E. Jennings ◽  
Stephen R. Preblud
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Mumps Vaccine ◽  
Meningeal Involvement ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
Care Costs

The reported incidence of mumps has declined dramatically since licensure of the live attenuated mumps vaccine in the United States in 1967, particularly in young children. Because administration of the vaccine was not widely practiced during the first decade it was available, there is now a cohort of teenagers and young adults who are relatively underimmunized. Reported mumps cases in this cohort increased substantially during 1986 to 1987. Mumps outbreaks at three Illinois universities, from which 123 clinical cases were reported between September 1986 and May 1987, were investigated. Meningeal involvement was reported in 17% of case-patients, orchitis occurred in 19% of 64 men, 6% of patients were hospitalized, and direct health care costs were estimated at $264 per case and more than $32 000 for the three outbreaks combined. The risk of mumps illness was greater for students &lt;20 years of age (relative risk [RR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 3.1); students residing in dormitories (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.6); and out-of-state students (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 3.0). Because the available data suggest that mumps in college-aged persons is due chiefly to a failure to vaccinate susceptible persons, colleges and universities should become one major focus of mumps prevention activities to reduce susceptibility in this high-risk population.

Probabilistic Flood Hazard Maps at Ungauged Locations Using Multivariate Extreme Values Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kezhkepurath Gangadhara ◽  
Srinivas Venkata Vemavarapu
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Regional Frequency Analysis ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Flood Hazard Map ◽  
Flood Hazard Maps

&lt;p&gt;Flood hazard maps are essential for development and assessment of flood risk management strategies. Conventionally, flood hazard assessment is based on deterministic approach which involves deriving inundation maps considering hydrologic and hydraulic models. A flood hydrograph corresponding to a specified return period is derived using a hydrologic model, which is then routed through flood plain of the study area to estimate water surface elevations and inundation extent with the aid of a hydraulic model. A more informative way of representing flood risk is through probabilistic hazard maps, which additionally provide information on the uncertainty associated with the extent of inundation. To arrive at a probabilistic flood hazard map, several flood hydrographs are generated, representing possible scenarios for flood events over a long period of time (e.g., 500 to 1000 years). Each of those hydrographs is routed through the flood plain and probability of inundation for all locations in the plain is estimated to derive the probabilistic flood hazard map. For gauged catchments, historical streamflow and/or rainfall data may be used to determine design flood hydrographs and the corresponding hazard maps using various strategies. In the case of ungauged catchments, however, there is a dearth of procedures for prediction of flood hazard maps. To address this, a novel multivariate regional frequency analysis (MRFA) approach is proposed. It involves (i) use of a newly proposed clustering methodology for regionalization of catchments, which accounts for uncertainty arising from ambiguity in choice of various potential clustering algorithms (which differ in underlying clustering strategies) and their initialization, (ii) fitting of a multivariate extremes model to information pooled from catchments in homogeneous region to generate synthetic flood hydrographs at ungauged target location(s), and (iii) routing of the hydrographs through the flood plain using LISFLOOD-FP model to derive probabilistic flood hazard map. The MRFA approach is designed to predict flood hydrograph related characteristics (peak flow, volume and duration of flood) at target locations in ungauged basins by considering watershed related characteristics as predictor/explanatory variables. An advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to account for uncertainty in catchment regionalization and dependency between all the flood hydrograph related characteristics reliably. Thus, the synthetic flood hydrographs generated in river basins appear more realistic depicting the observed dependence structure among flood hydrograph characteristics. The approach alleviates several uncertainties found in conventional methods (based on conceptual, probabilistic or geomorphological approaches) which affect estimation of flood hazard. Potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study on catchments in Mahanadi river basin of India, which extends over 141,600 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and is frequently prone to floods. Comparison is shown between flood hazard map obtained based on true at-site data and that derived based on the proposed MRFA approach by considering the respective sites to be pseudo-ungauged. Coefficient of correlation and root mean squared error considered for performance evaluation indicated that the proposed approach is promising.&lt;/p&gt;

Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP) in self-help and mutual support groups.

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Pratt ◽  
Andy MacGregor ◽  
Susan Reid ◽  
Lisa Given
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Mutual Support Groups

scholarly journals Going beyond the Flood Insurance Rate Map: insights from flood hazard map co-production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Luke ◽  
Brett F. Sanders ◽  
Kristen Goodrich ◽  
David L. Feldman ◽  
Danielle Boudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
End Users ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Flood Insurance ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Baseline Hazard ◽  
Flood Maps ◽  
Flood Hazard Maps

Abstract. Flood hazard mapping in the United States (US) is deeply tied to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Consequently, publicly available flood maps provide essential information for insurance purposes, but do not necessarily provide relevant information for non-insurance aspects of flood risk management (FRM) such as public education and emergency planning. Recent calls for flood hazard maps that support a wider variety of FRM tasks highlight the need to deepen our understanding about the factors that make flood maps useful and understandable for local end-users. In this study, social scientists and engineers explore opportunities for improving the utility and relevance of flood hazard maps through the co-production of maps responsive to end-users' FRM needs. Specifically, two-dimensional flood modeling produced a set of baseline hazard maps for stakeholders of the Tijuana River Valley, US, and Los Laureles Canyon in Tijuana, Mexico. Focus groups with natural resource managers, city planners, emergency managers, academia, non-profit, and community leaders refined the baseline hazard maps by triggering additional modeling scenarios and map revisions. Several important end-user preferences emerged, such as (1) legends that frame flood intensity both qualitatively and quantitatively, and (2) flood scenario descriptions that report flood magnitude in terms of rainfall, streamflow, and its relation to an historic event. Regarding desired hazard map content, end-users' requests revealed general consistency with mapping needs reported in European studies and guidelines published in Australia. However, requested map content that is not commonly produced included: (1) standing water depths following the flood, (2) the erosive potential of flowing water, and (3) pluvial flood hazards, or flooding caused directly by rainfall. We conclude that the relevance and utility of commonly produced flood hazard maps can be most improved by illustrating pluvial flood hazards and by using concrete reference points to describe flooding scenarios rather than exceedance probabilities or frequencies.

scholarly journals I-B: How We Make Good Use of Flood Hazard Maps to Enhance Regional Disaster Prevention

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 872-878
Author(s):  
Yukihiro HIRAI ◽  
Shuji YAMAKAWA ◽  
Toshihiko SUGAI ◽  
Takeshi MIZUTANI ◽  
Takekazu AKAGIRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Flood Hazard Maps
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