scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INTEGRATE A GIS-BASED ANALYSIS INTO THE DESIGN OF CULTURAL ITINERARIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN INTEGRATED PLAN FOR TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
R. Merino del Río ◽  
M. Linares Gómez del Pulgar ◽  
A. Tejedor Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Landscape Formation

Abstract. The historical concept of heritage, which mostly comprised physical architectural and archaeological evidences, has been extended to the surrounding landscape in the last decades. This tendency has been corroborated by a series of International Charters and the European Landscape Convention of 2000. Landscape, understood as the perceptible part of territory that supports the contingencies throughout history, is subject to protection, management and planning. However, some inherent aspects of territory have been disregarded because of the frantic enlargement of cities throughout the twentieth century at the expense of the rural areas. Territorial heritage, which is fundamental to cultural landscape formation, is currently considered a strategic resource able to guarantee self-sustaining development of peri-urban and rural zones. In many cases, urban investments and planning associated to the enlargement of the metropolitan areas have overlooked this fruitful territorial heritage, making cultural landscapes illegible. This is the case of the cultural landscapes in the buffer zones of the archaeological sites, which are part of a diffuse territorial heritage that requires to be assessed by means of some innovative approaches. Cultural itineraries are presented as a landscape architecture strategy for valorising territorial heritage. Well-targeted design of these itineraries can also contribute to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation and to regenerate peri-urban and rural areas by promoting its self-sustaining development. To that end, the conceptualisation and hypotheses posed by some authors of the Società dei Territorialisti/e are used as references. A work methodology to design cultural itineraries is suggested in line with the presumptions of an integrated plan for territory aimed to valorise the territorial heritage. This paper explores in which way a GIS-based analysis can be integrated into the design of a landscape architecture like the cultural itinerary.

scholarly journals Town, village and bush: war and cultural landscapes in south-eastern Angola (1966-2002)

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In most of the literature on the subject, urban and rural areas are presented as real physical entities that are geographically determined. Obviously such an approach is important and necessary, but in this contribution I want to draw attention to ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural’ as ideas, as items of cultural landscape rather than as physical facts. This will result both in a history of ideas and a social history of the war in Angola as experienced by civilians from the south-eastern part of the country. The article is based on a case-study that deals with the history of south-east Angola, an area that was in a state of war from 1966 to 2002. In the course of the 1990s I spoke with immigrants from this region who were resident in Rundu, Northern Namibia, mostly as illegal refugees. In our conversations the immigrants explained how the categories ‘town’ and ‘country’ came into being during colonialism and what changes occurred after the war started. They argued that during the war agriculture in the countryside became well-nigh impossible and an opposition between ‘town’ and ‘bush’ came into being that could have lethal consequences for the civilian population living in the region. This case-study on south-east Angola shows the importance of a historical approach to categories such as ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ as such categories may undergo relatively rapid change – in both discourse and practice. Key words: landscape (town, country and bush), war, south-east Angola 

scholarly journals Town, village and bush: war and cultural landscapes in south-eastern Angola (1966-2002)

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Inge Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In most of the literature on the subject, urban and rural areas are presented as real physical entities that are geographically determined. Obviously such an approach is important and necessary, but in this contribution I want to draw attention to ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural’ as ideas, as items of cultural landscape rather than as physical facts. This will result both in a history of ideas and a social history of the war in Angola as experienced by civilians from the south-eastern part of the country. The article is based on a case-study that deals with the history of south-east Angola, an area that was in a state of war from 1966 to 2002. In the course of the 1990s I spoke with immigrants from this region who were resident in Rundu, Northern Namibia, mostly as illegal refugees. In our conversations the immigrants explained how the categories ‘town’ and ‘country’ came into being during colonialism and what changes occurred after the war started. They argued that during the war agriculture in the countryside became well-nigh impossible and an opposition between ‘town’ and ‘bush’ came into being that could have lethal consequences for the civilian population living in the region. This case-study on south-east Angola shows the importance of a historical approach to categories such as ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ as such categories may undergo relatively rapid change – in both discourse and practice.

Low-Carbon Space in Urban and Rural Areas: Ecological Greenway Planning of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

With the rapid development of urbanization, more intensive urban buildings and crowded space resulted in the declining of the environmental quality in urban areas, and also eroding the natural and cultural resources both in urban and rural areas, which requested the desires for healthy living and natural environment. Greenway, with the low-carbon to meet people's desire, is a dedicated “way” linking the urban, natural and cultural landscape. With ecological protection, exercise, recreation and leisure, historical and cultural continuity, and other functions, it is one of the special low-carbon spaces. Greenway, sharing and integration of urban and rural resources, plays the role of effective protection of urban and rural local cultural and ecological environment. The design of the Shanhaiguan Greenway, for example, is not only to meet the basic requirements of the greenway, but also combined with the history and culture, to further Improve the urban quality of the historical and cultural city of Shanhaiguan and build an urban and rural low-carbon space.

On Paths in the Cultural Landscape of Masulih, Gilan, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Ehsan Daneshyar
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
The Town

This article illustrates the significance of pathways in cultural landscapes. It does so via an in-depth analysis at the paths in the historic community of Masulih, located in the Iranian province of Gilān. The town of Masulih, including its surrounding landscape, has an inter-connected systems of pathways that serve to tie the area together as coherent whole, making it an excellent site to explore the significance of path systems. On a functional level the neighbourhoods and homes, bazaar, teahouses, mosques, and Imāmzādih, in addition to the grazing lands and paths connect shrines outside the community. However, the paths of Masulih are significant beyond their mere utilitarian function as travel routes. This paper finds that various attributes of the paths are interrelated: the relation of path to topography; the cyclical and seasonal usage of paths; the path's function as connector of the bazaar and tea houses where individuals meet and socialize; paths serve as an stage during the lunar rituals that allows for further socializing; lands near and far are connected by the network of paths. Finally, this paper documents the dynamic connections between paths, landscape, built environment, and individuals in Masulih.

scholarly journals Underground Built Heritage as catalyser for Community Valorisation. Underground4value

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pace ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This paper is about how framing an innovative approach for community empowerment by organising networks and consortia for preparing proposals in different research programme frameworks. In the beginning, there was as study for classifying underground spaces and using them as a solution for a sustainable over ground urban development. By advancing in the proposals preparation, the team developed a completely different vision. The underground space was more and more seen as a place for building local identity and sense of belonging, progressing from a functional to a cultural value, from a site conservation to a community valorisation approach, by giving centrality to the people and their needs. As first step, the project faced the challenge of regenerating urban areas by realising Underground Built Heritage potential for local communities and experimenting a methodological approach on sustainability transition. Just like a story, the paper describes the evolution of the approaches, and the implementation of the activities, also if unsuccessful in the competition. The consortium grew and matured, a network based on strong analysis and revision, whose members developed an impressive social capital and learned by any failure. Piece by piece, this network was able to achieve the success, and to start a COST Action, the CA 18110 “Underground Built Heritage as catalyser for Community Valorisation”. The Action, funded for establishing and implementing an expert network, promotes balanced and sustainable approaches to preserve the Underground Built Heritage (UBH) and, at the same time, to realise the potential of the underground space in urban and rural areas for regeneration policies. The paper finally explains how a wellmotivated group of people can transform a network activity, with a little budget, in a research and on field project and how such a network can provide innovative tools for engaging and empowering local communities.

scholarly journals The Scarecrow as Part of Polish Rural Cultural Landscapes

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Karol Król
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site ◽  
Local Traditions

Diverse historical, cultural landscapes can be found in many parts of the world, and also in rural areas. They are a challenge for interdisciplinary research. One of the gradually disappearing components of rural cultural landscapes in Poland is the scarecrow. The objective of this paper was to analyse the role of the scarecrow in the Polish rural cultural landscape today. The field research was aimed at determining whether the scarecrow can be seen in Polish rural areas, and if yes, what the circumstances and its forms are. A site visit yielded copious photographic records of rural areas. The investigated area was selected following a literature analysis and analysis of environmental and economic conditions on the regional level in Poland. The visit demonstrated that although scarecrows are part of the cultural landscape of the Polish countryside, they are slightly more modest in their appearance than in the past. Scarecrows are placed in small, family-owned agricultural holdings that have time to uphold local traditions.

scholarly journals Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos ◽  
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz ◽  
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui ◽  
Francisco D. Pineda ◽  
María F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Sound Management

Rural cultural landscapes are social–ecological systems that have been shaped by traditional human land uses in a co-evolution process between nature and culture. Protected areas should be an effective way to protect cultural landscapes and support the way of life and the economy of the local population. However, nature conservation policymaking processes and management guidelines frequently do not take culturalness into account. Through a new quantitative approach, this paper analyzes the regulatory framework of two protected areas under different management categories, located in an ancient cultural landscape of the Madrid Region (Central Spain), to identify the similarities in their conservation commitments and the effectiveness of their zoning schemes. The results show some arbitrariness in the design and management of these parks, highlighting the importance of prohibited measures in their zoning schemes that encourage uses and activities more related to naturalness than to culturalness. The recognition of protected areas as cultural landscapes and their management considering both naturalness and culturalness issues are important methods of better achieving sustainable management objectives from a social–ecological approach. This methodological approach has proven useful to unravel various legislative content, and its application on a larger scale could reveal important information for the sound management of protected areas (PAs) in cultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Forest Area Changes in Cinque Terre National Park in the Last 80 Years. Consequences on Landslides and Forest Fire Risks

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Antonio Santoro ◽  
Martina Venturi ◽  
Francesco Piras ◽  
Beatrice Fiore ◽  
Federica Corrieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Cinque Terre

Cinque Terre, one of the most important Italian cultural landscapes, has not been spared from depopulation and agricultural abandonment processes, that involved many rural areas in Europe, as a consequence of socio-economic transformations that occurred after WWII. Depopulation of rural areas, especially in mountains or in terraced areas, caused significant environmental consequences, such as the decrease of biodiversity, the landscape homogenization, the increase of hydrogeological and forest fires risks. Cinque Terre National Park (5TNP) was established in 1999, and, differently from other Italian National Parks, not just for protecting natural habitats, but mainly to preserve, restore and valorize the historical terraced landscape. Moreover, the area is a UNESCO cultural landscape site and it is partly protected by three Sites of Community Importance. The research intended to investigate the transformations that have affected forested areas inside the 5TNP in the period 1936–2018, also highlighting the connections with hydrogeological and forest fires risks, as a support for the Park planning strategies and the conservation of the UNESCO site. Results highlighted that 37% of the current forests are the consequence of dry stones terraces abandonment that occurred in the twentieth century, with negative effects on the stability of steep slopes, hydrogeological risk, forest fires and on the conservation of a unique cultural landscape. This confirms the current national trend showing no deforestation occurring, but rather a continuous increase of forests on abandoned land. While 5TNP policies and actions are effectively aimed at pursuing an equilibrium between cultivated areas and forests, the Sites of Community Importance located inside the Park mainly focuses on the conservation of “natural habitats”, even if the current vegetation is also the result of secondary successions on former cultivated land. The research highlighted the need to valorize “cultural values” in forest planning as well as the importance of forest history for an accurate planning of forest resources in protected areas.

Surveying a Long-Term Settlement on Potato Hill, Montserrat

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krysta Ryzewski ◽  
John F. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

This chapter demonstrates the advantages of a survey-centered approach for examining cultural landscapes on Montserrat. Our case study focuses on the multi-method survey of the Potato Hill landscape employed during the 2013 field season of the Survey and Landscape Archaeology on Montserrat project. Potato Hill’s artifact assemblage is the largest and among the earliest historic-period collections of artifacts to be recovered on Montserrat from the 49 archaeological sites we have surveyed since 2010. The evidence suggests that Potato Hill was a non-elite settlement occupied by multiple communities and households between the late seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Understandings of Potato Hill’s changing use and inhabitants over the course of its long occupational history are situated within our survey results from the surrounding landscape, especially historic-period sugar plantations and military structures. This case study raises several questions concerning methodological approaches, temporal categories, scales of analysis, and material culture classification in Caribbean historical archaeology.

scholarly journals The cultural landscape: From conservation to planning concept

2016 ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Nevena Vasilјevic ◽  
Boris Radic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Landscape Character ◽  
Planning Concept

The interpretation of the concept of cultural landscape, as well as the interpretation of the general concept of landscape, depends on the context in which the process takes place. As an antithesis to natural landscape, and as notion of spatial and temporal interaction of man and nature, the cultural landscape is conceptualized in terms of scientific approach. The experiences prove that the traditional dichotomy in defining the landscape value (natural vs. cultural), as well as the aspect of its protection, evolving into a holistic approach, which is promoted in European Landscape Convention, at the beginning of XXI century. In the modern theory and practice of spatial planning and nature protection, the concept of cultural landscape appears as a holistic, multidimensional and multifunctional entity, which, in times of globalization, should be preserved and developed in accordance with its regional and local identity (character). The question is: what kind of methodological approach should be applied in determining the landscape value in the spatial planning and nature conservation? The aim of the research is to explain the evolution of landscape approach form reductionism to holistic problem-oriented transdisciplinary research that allows appropriate evaluation of the cultural landscape potential and its application in the spatial planning concept. At the same time, the aim is to explain the conceptualization of the cultural landscape in terms of the institutional protection of natural and cultural heritage and spatial planning in Serbia. The purpose of this paper is to point to legal instruments of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia which defining the obligations of determining the landscape character in the planning concept in spatial and urban plans, as well as the re-evaluation of existing values of cultural landscapes. The subject of the paper is theoretical concept of cultural landscape and the character of the cultural landscape Trsic-Tronosa. The value of the landscape character is interpreted and metrically expressed for the purposes of the Study of protection of the landscape of exceptional features Trsic-Tronosa - cultural landscape. At the end, the finding of the presented research confirming the applicability of the methods of landscape characterization in the spatial planning concept.

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