Peranan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Perdesaan Dan Perkotaan Melalui Efektivitas Dan Kontribusi Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Situbondo

This research is aimed at knowing the role of the Earth Tax and Rural and Urban Buildings (UN-P2) through its effectiveness and contribution to Regional Original Income (PAD) in Situbondo Regency. The study used descriptive quantitative methods. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Situbondo District Data Center Application. The data used is the target and realization of UN-P2 acceptance, the realization of PAD receipts in Situbondo Regency during 2018-2020. The results showed that the effectiveness of UN-P2 from year to year is still ineffective. While the contribution of UN-P2 to PAD is still very lacking every year. So that in the future so that the role of UN-P2 on PAD can be optimal, the Situbondo Regency Government needs to explore the potentials in the form of Earth Tax objects and Rural and Urban Buildings and conduct intensive tax socialization to improve UN P2 compliance on time with the appropriate amount . Untuk memperkuat esensi dan posisi otonomi dalam menopang kapasitas fiskal daerah, pemerintah pusat memberikan wewenang kepada pemerintah daerah atas pungutan pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui peranan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) melalui efektivitas dan kontribusinya terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Kabupaten Situbondo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Aplikasi Pusat Data Kabupaten Situbondo. Data yang digunakan adalah target dan realisasi penerimaan PBB-P2, realisasi penerimaan PAD di Kabupaten Situbondo selama tahun 2018-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa efektivitas PBB-P2 dari tahun ke tahun masih tidak efektif. Sedangkan kontribusi PBB-P2 terhadap PAD masih sangat kurang pada setiap tahunnya. Sehingga ke depannya agar peran PBB-P2 terhadap PAD dapat optimal, Pemerintah Kabupaten Situbondo perlu menggali potensi-potensi berupa obyek Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Pedesaaan dan Perkotaan dan mengadakan sosialisasi perpajakan secara intensif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan PBB P2 tepat waktu dengan jumlah yang sesuai.

Evaluation of Photovoltaic Energy Saving Potential and Investment Value of Urban Buildings in China Based on GIS Technology

The environmental and energy crisis has become a problem that can not be ignored in today’s world and improving the proportion of renewable energy utilization is an important way to alleviate the problem. China has begun to vigorously develop rooftop photovoltaic systems, and it is urgent to analyze the photovoltaic potential of the country. In this paper, GIS technology is used to calculate the available area of a PV system on the roof of urban buildings in China. The installed capacity and annual power generation of a PV system on the roof of urban buildings in China are further calculated, and the investment cost analysis of the buildings with a PV system is carried out. The results show that Chinese mainland city rooftop photovoltaic area has reached 3.35 billion m2. If urban roofs are used for photovoltaic power generation in China, the annual photovoltaic power generation capacity will be 672 billion kWh, which is about 61% of the total annual electricity consumption of the whole society in 2020. On the other hand, the initial investment in the construction of an urban photovoltaic system is large, but most of them can realize the return of investment in a short period of 8–10 years. Moreover, in the effective life of the follow-up photovoltaic system, it will bring greater economic benefits, which is more than two times the initial investment. To further promote the process of social carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China, the construction of an urban photovoltaic system is very feasible.

Effectiveness of using nest boxes as a form of bird protection after building modernization

Modernization of urban buildings can decrease the availability of nesting sites in buildings, leading to sudden decreases in the density of avifauna. In this study, we investigated the use of nest boxes as a bird conservation measure after buildings were thermally modernized. In a 10 ha experimental area we mounted five types of nest boxes of different sizes and dimensions (a total of 132). Nest boxes were dedicated to species that lost access to their previous nesting sites. All species associated with the buildings significantly declined or disappeared. In the first year after the modernization, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) decreased by 66% compared with the period before the modernization, Eurasian Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) by 68%, Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) by 70%, and Common Swift (Apus apus) by 100%. In the first two years after the modernization, the birds nested only in nest boxes. Five years of monitoring showed that using nest boxes as compensation for bird nesting sites lost during the renovation of buildings can cause a population to recover to ca. 50% of its original level. To optimize deployments of nest boxes, wildlife managers should consider target species’ preferences for the dimensions and placement of boxes and limit the time boxes are used if a species prefers nesting outside nest-boxes, but in buildings (e. g. the House Sparrow) and does not require additional support.

Crossing the Threshold between Spatial Installation Art and Interior Architecture

<p><b>This thesis explores opportunities to challenge how the nature of spatial installation art might be conceived within the medium of habitable architecture. It explores how spatial installation can take a shift in spatial qualities from space that is occupied to space that is inhabited. It focuses specifically on precedents and opportunities for the use of architectural vocabulary along with materiality, context, ordering systems, and identities to engage the occupant with spatial experience that challenges the boundaries between art and interior architecture. The intent of this thesis is to investigate how such vocabularies can be applied to interior architecture in order to formulate architectural space that society actively interacts in and through. The macro approach embraces multi - functionality allowing freedom for the space to metamorphose when confronted with a new set of social demands by the inhabitant without the space actually needing to physically change.</b></p> <p>The thesis investigates the threshold between the realms of conceptual spatial art and programmed habitable architectural space. It examines how an ‘installation’ can respond to multiple programmatic requirements and the requirements of habitation, as a means of redefining our presumptions of interior architecture. This thesis investigates the liminal boundaries defining a construction as a work of architecture versus a work of art by considering interior architecture as a vital transition between architecture and art. As a site for this investigation the thesis explores ‘interior architecture’ opportunities along a pedestrian pathway in Wellington, one which is spatially contained by urban buildings on either side. The selection of this site for an investigation of interior architecture immediately challenges traditional presumptive boundaries between interior architecture, architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning. Such a site provides a critical vehicle for investigating the nature of program and habitability within a constructed installation space that crosses the boundaries into architecture.</p>

Crossing the Threshold between Spatial Installation Art and Interior Architecture

<p><b>This thesis explores opportunities to challenge how the nature of spatial installation art might be conceived within the medium of habitable architecture. It explores how spatial installation can take a shift in spatial qualities from space that is occupied to space that is inhabited. It focuses specifically on precedents and opportunities for the use of architectural vocabulary along with materiality, context, ordering systems, and identities to engage the occupant with spatial experience that challenges the boundaries between art and interior architecture. The intent of this thesis is to investigate how such vocabularies can be applied to interior architecture in order to formulate architectural space that society actively interacts in and through. The macro approach embraces multi - functionality allowing freedom for the space to metamorphose when confronted with a new set of social demands by the inhabitant without the space actually needing to physically change.</b></p> <p>The thesis investigates the threshold between the realms of conceptual spatial art and programmed habitable architectural space. It examines how an ‘installation’ can respond to multiple programmatic requirements and the requirements of habitation, as a means of redefining our presumptions of interior architecture. This thesis investigates the liminal boundaries defining a construction as a work of architecture versus a work of art by considering interior architecture as a vital transition between architecture and art. As a site for this investigation the thesis explores ‘interior architecture’ opportunities along a pedestrian pathway in Wellington, one which is spatially contained by urban buildings on either side. The selection of this site for an investigation of interior architecture immediately challenges traditional presumptive boundaries between interior architecture, architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning. Such a site provides a critical vehicle for investigating the nature of program and habitability within a constructed installation space that crosses the boundaries into architecture.</p>

Investigating the effect of summer night ventilation on the urban buildings’ thermal and energy performance using numerical approaches

The present study aims to evaluate by simulation means, the effect of different night ventilations rates on the thermal and energy performance of typical building units, located in dense urban areas in Thessaloniki, Greece, both under thermostatic control and free-floating conditions. The numerical assessment is conducted with the dynamic building energy performance simulation model EnergyPlus. A parametric analysis, involving 4 different air flow rates (i.e., 3 ACH, 5ACH, 10ACH, 15ACH) has been carried out for 8 typical building units, located in 4 different urban areas in the city of Thessaloniki, presenting different morphological characteristics. In all cases, single side ventilation has been considered rather than cross ventilation, to evaluate the less optimal, building configuration scenario. The obtained simulation results revealed the significant effect of night ventilation on improving the thermal and energy performance of all the examined building units. Still, the morphological characteristics of the case study areas in which the examined building units are located, also affected the obtained simulation results and the achieved cooling energy savings.