scholarly journals NETWORKING LAYER FOR THE EVOLUTION OF MARITIME PORTS INTO A SMART ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
A. Haidine ◽  
A. Ait-Allal ◽  
A. Aqqal ◽  
A. Dahbi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Layered Model ◽  
Communication Layer ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Hierarchical Communication ◽  
Maritime Environment ◽  
Smart Port

Abstract. The maritime transport is playing an increasing and critical role on the worldwide trade; because it guarantee the delivery of 80% of the goods worldwide. The maritime ports are the articulation of the maritime transports, and therefore are responsible of (long delay in the ports means high risks for goods deterioration, higher costs for the logistics companies, longer occupation of containers for containers management companies, etc. In recent years some publications are talking about smart ports. In this paper we take some of the most recent models of smart port, and propose some extensions by considering the recent recommendations from International Maritime Organization (IMO), which have been translated and issued legislation frameworks by the European Union, such as maritime environment monitoring, air pollution, etc. In the recent years, any “smart” environment is modeled through an Internet-of-Things (IoT) layered model. Thus, we discuss the model of smart port environment as IoT layered model, where the networking/communications layer plays the core role. Furthermore, we analyse the possible networking technologies which could support the different smart domains building the smart port environment. This is achieved by first defining the different sub-layers of the hierarchical communication layer, and then comparing different technologies for building the broadband mobile sub-layer.

Correctional oversight bodies’ resources and protections across the European Union: Are their hands tied?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582098696
Author(s):  
Eva Aizpurua ◽  
Mary Rogan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
International Instruments

Oversight bodies play a critical role in upholding human rights standards in prison. Several international instruments require states to establish independent forms of prison oversight and to give them the powers they need to conduct their work. Resources are central to the effectiveness and independence of oversight bodies. Of equal importance is the ability of prison oversight bodies to offer protections against reprisals for those who choose to speak to them and for their own staff. In this article, we provide results from the first survey of prison oversight bodies in the European Union and the United Kingdom, focusing on the resources and protections which prison oversight bodies in these states have to enable them to conduct their work. Our results suggest the need to strengthen the financial independence of prison oversight bodies, with slightly less than half of the bodies having their own budget to monitor prisons. Bodies which had their own budgets had a greater number of staff members and a greater variety of professional backgrounds among their members, likely influencing their ability to fulfil their mandate. Our results also point to the need to develop further protection mechanisms against reprisals for those who speak with inspectors as well as for staff from prison oversight bodies.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for Management of Environmental Protection in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Массеров ◽  
D. Messerov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Environment

The experience of the industrialized countries on the state of the environment monitoring convincing shows that their success in environmental regulation are mainly due to the use of modern environmental management methods. The experience of the European Union concerning the control mechanisms in the field of environmental protection and the possibility of its application in Russia are analyzed.

scholarly journals Smart Environment Monitoring System using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 165995
Author(s):  
Md. Al-Farabi ◽  
Muntasir Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Readuzzaman ◽  
Md. Hossain ◽  
Saifur Sabuj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

If You Are Not Part of the Solution, You Are the Problem: Article 37 of the EU Charter as a Defence for Climate Change and Environmental Measures in Investor-State Arbitrations – Joint 2nd Prize Winner Essay competition 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-295
Author(s):  
Florence Humblet ◽  
Kabir Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Eu

Climate change is severely impacting the survival of humankind on earth. In the European Union (EU), the Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter) codifies environmental protection as part of the EU’s corpus of fundamental rights protection and states that “a high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the policies of the EU and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development”. By virtue of this article, the EU has elevated environmental protection to the level of constitutionality. Environmental concerns have played a critical role in investor-state arbitration. This article submits that Article 37 of the EU Charter might be a viable defence for Member States of the EU (Member States) that adopt climate change and environmental measures. Such defence would not consist of a jurisdictional challenge based on the Achmea decision but of a defence based on the applicable law which protects the notion of sustainable investment enshrined in the applicable international investment agreement. Article 37 of the EU Charter could, therefore, operate a powerful tool to foster environmental protection in investor-state disputes and, therefore, address one of the most widespread complaints in the backlash against investor-state arbitration.

scholarly journals Iot Forest Environmental Factors Collection Platform Based On Zigbee

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yu ◽  
Liu Xugang ◽  
Geng Xue ◽  
Li Dan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Zigbee Protocol ◽  
Low Power Dissipation ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Abstract Nowadays the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has witnessed great changes in the world. As it has often been mentioned, IoT Environment Monitoring Technologies and IOT Smart Home Technologies have been gradually accepted by people and have good prospects for development. Now we can research a networking based intelligent platform to monitor our forest environmental factors in time with the new IoT technology based on ZIGBEE protocol. ZIGBEE based networking technologies has the advantages of low power dissipation, low data rate and high-capacity transportation, which makes it more suitable for the design of the node of forest environmental factors collection platform. So, we are going to discuss a kind of IoT forest environment factors collection platform based on ZIGBEE protocol.

scholarly journals IoT for Smart Environment Monitoring Based on Python: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Saad Hikmat Haji ◽  
Amira B. Sallow
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Air pollution, water pollution, and radiation pollution are significant environmental factors that need to be addressed. Proper monitoring is crucial with the goal that by preserving a healthy society, the planet can achieve sustainable development. With advancements in the internet of things (IoT) and the improvement of modern sensors, environmental monitoring has evolved into a smart environment monitoring (SEM) system in recent years. This article aims to have a critical overview of significant contributions and SEM research, which include monitoring the quality of air , water pollution, radiation pollution, and agricultural systems. The review is divided based on the objectives of applying SEM methods, analyzing each objective about the sensors used, machine learning, and classification methods. Moreover, the authors have thoroughly examined how advancements in sensor technology, the Internet of Things, and machine learning methods have made environmental monitoring into a truly smart monitoring system.

The Energy Policy of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
Hamit Can ◽  
Daniela Minkovska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Main Input

Energy is considered the main input for economic and industrial development. In this context, it is important that countries develop sustainable energy policies in order to meet economic growth and energy demand. Government policies play a critical role in economic growth and incentives for innovation. This chapter summarizes Bulgaria's energy policies as an increasingly important energy transit country due to its strategic location. These policies were presented in line with the European Union energy policies and the solutions of the characteristics of the country. Some of the targets to be implemented are as follows: ensuring energy supply security, achieving RES share targets, energy efficiency improvements, development of a competitive energy market, safe energy needs and protection of consumers, establishment of the necessary infrastructure and diversification of energy resources, strengthening the external relations and solidarity coordinated in the field of energy.

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