scholarly journals Detectability of seismic waves from the submarine landslide that caused the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Katsumata ◽  
Yasuhiro Yoshida ◽  
Kenji Nakata ◽  
Kenichi Fujita ◽  
Masayuki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Coda Waves ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
Landslide Event

Abstract. On 17 July 1998, a tsunami caused serious damage on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea about 20 min after the mainshock of an Mw 7.0 earthquake. The tsunami has been attributed to a submarine landslide that occurred about 13 min after the mainshock because its arrival at the coast was too late and its height too great to be the direct result of the fault slip of the earthquake. Bathymetric data recorded after the tsunami revealed an amphitheater-like structure that was consistent with a recent submarine landslide. Most current tsunami warning systems are based on analysis of the early arrivals of seismic waves generated by an earthquake. In this study we investigated whether evidence of the landslide could be identified in the coda waves recorded after the mainshock. Based on previous studies of the tsunami source, we constructed synthetic seismograms to represent the submarine landslide and compared them to the observed coda waves of the preceding earthquake, with particular attention to the period around 13 min after the mainshock. We found phases possibly corresponding to the landslide event. However, they were easily covered with coda waves from the mainshock. We concluded that the 1998 landslide was too small to be evident in the coda waves following the magnitude 7 earthquake.

Submarine Landslides and Their Tsunami Hazard

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Tappin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Landslide Mechanisms ◽  
Landslide Tsunamis

Most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, but in 1998, a seabed slump offshore of northern Papua New Guinea (PNG) generated a tsunami up to 15 m high that killed more than 2,200 people. The event changed our understanding of tsunami mechanisms and was forerunner to two decades of major tsunamis that included those in Turkey, the Indian Ocean, Japan, and Sulawesi and Anak Krakatau in Indonesia. PNG provided a context to better understand these tsunamis as well as older submarine landslide events, such as Storegga (8150 BP); Alika 2 in Hawaii (120,000 BP), and Grand Banks, Canada (1929), together with those from dual earthquake/landslide mechanisms, such as Messina (1908), Puerto Rico (1928), and Japan (2011). PNG proved that submarine landslides generate devastating tsunamis from failure mechanisms that can be very different, whether singly or in combination with earthquakes. It demonstrated the critical importance of seabed mapping to identify these mechanisms as well as stimulated the development of new numerical tsunami modeling methodologies. In combination with other recent tsunamis, PNG demonstrated the critical importance of these events in advancing our understanding of tsunami hazard and risk. This review recounts how, since 1998, understanding of the tsunami hazard from submarine landslides has progressed far beyond anything considered possible at that time. ▪ For submarine landslide tsunamis, advances in understanding take place incrementally, usually in response to major, sometimes catastrophic, events. ▪ The Papua New Guinea tsunami in 1998, when more than 2,200 people perished, was a turning point in first recognizing the significant tsunami hazard from submarine landslides. ▪ Over the past 2 to 3 years advances have also been made mainly because of improvements in numerical modeling based on older tsunamis such as Grand Banks in 1929, Messina in 1908, and Storegga at 8150 BP. ▪ Two recent tsunamis in late 2018, in Sulawesi and Anak Krakatau, Indonesia, where several hundred people died, were from very unusual landslide mechanisms—dual (strike-slip and landslide) and volcanic collapse—and provide new motivations for understanding these tsunami mechanisms. ▪ This is a timely, state of the art review of landslide tsunamis based on recent well-studied events and new research on older ones, which provide an important context for the recent tsunamis in Indonesia in 2018. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 49 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4476 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
SHIH-YU WANG ◽  
JHEN-NIEN CHEN ◽  
BARRY C. RUSSELL ◽  
WEI-JEN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Western Pacific Ocean ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
Blunt Nose

Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur, 2016 was described based on eighteen specimens collected from off the Marquesas Islands, the only location where this species has been recorded until now. Through morphological and molecular examination of Trachinocephalus specimens collected from an exploratory cruise conducted in June 2014 under the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program along the northern coast of the New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, we demonstrate the presence of this species in Papua New Guinea waters. This new record suggests a wide distribution for this rarely collected species in the western Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals Submarine landslide deposits of the historical lateral collapse of Ritter Island, Papua New Guinea

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 419-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Day ◽  
Pilar Llanes ◽  
Eli Silver ◽  
Gary Hoffmann ◽  
Steve Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Submarine Landslide

scholarly journals The burden of presumed tuberculosis in hospitalized children in a resource-limited setting in Papua New Guinea: a prospective observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Villa Watch ◽  
Jimmy Aipit ◽  
Tina Kote-Yarong ◽  
Allanie Rero ◽  
John W Bolnga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Fatality Rate

Abstract Background In Papua New Guinea, TB is considered to be a major public health problem, but little is known about the prevalence and prognosis of presumed TB in children. Methods As part of a prospective hospital-based surveillance on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, the authors investigated the admission prevalence and case fatality rate associated with presumed TB over a 6-year period (2011–2016). All children admitted who were diagnosed with TB were followed-up until discharge or death. Results Of 8992 paediatric admissions, 734 patients (8.2%) were diagnosed with presumed TB and there were 825 deaths, with TB accounting for 102 (12.4%). Extrapulmonary TB was the final diagnosis in 384 admissions {prevalence 4.3% [384/8992 (95% CI 3.9–4.7)]} with a case fatality rate of 21.4% [82/384 (95% CI 17.4–25.9)]. TB meningitis, disseminated TB and pericardial TB had high case fatality rates of 29.0% (53/183), 28.9% (11/38) and 25% (4/16), respectively. Severe malnutrition was more common in patients with pulmonary compared with extrapulmonary TB (25.4% vs 15.6%; p<0.01). Conclusions Improved community-based case detection strategies, routine BCG vaccinations and other effective forms of TB control need revitalization and sustainability to reduce the high case fatality rates associated with childhood TB in Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals The world’s second-largest, recorded landslide event: lessons learnt from the landslides triggered during and after the 2018 Mw 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Tanyas ◽  
Kevin Hill ◽  
Luke Mahoney ◽  
Islam Fadel ◽  
Luigi Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Landslides ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Landslide Event

Widespread landslide events provide rare but valuable opportunities to investigate the spatial and size distributions of landslides in relation to seismic, climatic, geological and morphological factors. This study presents a unique event inventory for the co-seismic landslides induced by the February 25, 2018 Mw 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake as well as its post-seismic counterparts including the landslides triggered by either aftershocks or succeeding rainfall events that occurred between February 26 and March 19. We mapped approximately 11,500 landslides of which more than 10,000 were triggered by the mainshock with a total failed planimetric area of about 145 km2. Such a large area makes this inventory the world’s second-largest recorded landslide event after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Large landslides are abundant throughout the study area located within the remote Papua New Guinea Highlands. Specifically, more than half of the landslide population is larger than 50,000 m2 and overall, post-seismic landslides are even larger than their co-seismic counterparts. Our analyses indicate that large and widespread landslides were triggered as a result of the compound effects of the strong seismicity, complex geology, steep topography and high rainfall. We statistically show that the 15-day antecedent precipitation, as a predisposing factor, contributes to the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides. Also, we statistically demonstrate that the cumulative effect of aftershocks is the main factor disturbing steep hillslopes and causing the initiation of very large landslides up to the size of ~5 km2. Taking aside the role of the intense seismic swarm and antecedent precipitation, these inventories also provide evidence for landslide events where the active tectonics contribute to weaken hillslopes and the fatigue damage. Overall, the dataset and the findings provided by this paper is a step forward in seismic landslide hazard assessment of the entire Papua New Guinea mainland.

scholarly journals Two new genera of Laophontidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) without sexual dimorphism in the endopods of the swimming legs

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1327 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENDRIK GHEERARDYN ◽  
FRANK FIERS ◽  
MAGDA VINCX ◽  
MARLEEN DE TROCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Kenyan Coast

Two new monospecific genera of the harpacticoid family Laophontidae T. Scott, 1905 are described here. Apistophonte wasiniensis gen. et sp. n. was found along the Kenyan coast and Propephonte duangitensis gen. et sp. n. along the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. They differ from most other laophontid genera in the absence of sexual dimorphism in the endopods of the swimming legs. At first sight, both new species resemble each other very closely in habitus, integumental ornamentation, chaetotaxy of the swimming legs and absence of sexual dimorphism in the endopods. However, the detailed characteristics of A1, maxilla and male P5 show that the species are not congeneric. The structure of the first antennular segment of Propephonte gen. n. suggests a close relationship with Peltidiphonte Gheerardyn and Fiers, 2006. The exact affinities of Apistophonte gen. n. however remain difficult to assess.

Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea. X. Description of the new species of the marine genus Cymatopus Kertesz*

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
P Grootaert ◽  
HJG Meuffels
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
The Western Pacific

Four species of the marine genus Cymatopus are reported from the coasts of Papua New Guinea. Two species, C. calcaratoides, sp. nov. (northern coast), and C. motuporensis, sp. nov. (southern coast), and the female of C. leopoldi Meuffels & Grootaert are described. Together with C. calcaratus and C. malayensis, they form a distinct monophyletic group in the western Pacific. The larvae and pupae of Cymatopus live in the thin layer of algae and debris on the rocks in the eulittoral zone. The adult flies feed at low tide on the larvae of chironomids and ceratopogonids in the intertidal zone. *Contribution No. 257 of the Leopold I11 Biological Station on Laing Island.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document