scholarly journals Estimating the Absolute Salinity of Chinese offshore waters using nutrients and inorganic carbon data

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-918
Author(s):  
Fengying Ji ◽  
Rich Pawlowicz ◽  
Xuejun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Shelf Sediment ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Salinity Anomaly ◽  
Terrestrial Input ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Evaluation Project ◽  
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Abstract. In June 2009, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO released The international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10 for short; IOC et al., 2010) to define, describe and calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. Compared to the Equation of State-1980 (EOS-80 for short), the most obvious change with TEOS-10 is the use of Absolute Salinity as salinity argument, replacing the Practical Salinity used in the oceanographic community for 30 years. Due to the lack of observational data, the applicability of the potentially increased accuracy in Absolute Salinity algorithms for coastal and semi-enclosed seas is not very clear to date. Here, we discuss the magnitude, distribution characteristics, and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity and Absolute Salinity Anomaly in Chinese shelf waters, based on the Marine Integrated Investigation and Evaluation Project of the China Sea and other relevant data. The Absolute Salinity SA ranges from 0.1 to 34.66 g kg−1. Instead of silicate, the main composition anomaly in the open sea, CaCO3 originating from terrestrial input and re-dissolution of shelf sediment is most likely the main composition anomaly relative to SSW and the primary contributor to the Absolute Salinity Anomaly δSA. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the accurate measurement and expression of Absolute Salinity of the China offshore waters.

scholarly journals Estimating the Absolute Salinity of China Sea Using Nutrients and Inorganic Carbon Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengying Ji ◽  
Rich Pawlowicz ◽  
Xuejun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Shelf Sediment ◽  
Salinity Anomaly ◽  
Terrestrial Input ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Evaluation Project ◽  
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Abstract. In June 2009, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO released the international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10 for short) to define, describe and calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. Compared to the Equation of State-1980 (EOS-80 for short), the most obvious change with TEOS-10 is the use of Absolute Salinity as salinity argument, replacing the Practical Salinity used in the oceanographic community for 30 years. Due to the lack of observational data, the applicability of the potentially increased accuracy in Absolute Salinity algorithms for coastal and semi-enclosed seas is not very clear to date. Here, we discuss the magnitude, distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity and Salinity Anomaly in Chinese shelf waters, based on the Marine Integrated Investigation and Evaluation Project of China Offshore and other relevant data. The Absolute Salinity SA ranges from 0.1 to 34.66 g·kg−1. Instead of silicate, CaCO3 originating from terrestrial input and re-dissolution of shelf sediment is most likely the main composition anomaly relative to SSW and the primary contributor to the Absolute Salinity Anomaly δSA. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the accurate measurement and expression of Absolute Salinity of the China offshore.

scholarly journals Estimating the Absolute Salinity of China Offshore Seawater Using Nutrients and Inorganic Carbon Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengying Ji ◽  
Xuejun Xiong ◽  
Rich Pawlowicz
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Salinity Anomaly ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Terrestrial Input ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Evaluation Project

Abstract. In June 2009, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO released the international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10 for short) (IOC et al, 2010) to define, describe and calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. Compared to Equation of Ocean State-80 (EOS-80 for short), the most obvious change of TEOS-10 is taking Absolute Salinity as salinity argument, replacing the Practical Salinity used in ocean society for 30 years. Due to lack of observation data, Absolute Salinity algorithm the applicability in the offshore and semi-closed sea is not very clear to date. Based on the Marine Integrated Investigation and Evaluation Project of China Offshore, other relevant data together with Pa08 model, we obtain the magnitude, distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity in China offshore. As the main composition anomaly relative to SSW, calcium carbonate, originating from terrestrial input of high calcium carbonate content and re-dissolution of sediment of China offshore, raises the Absolute Salinity Anomaly δSA as high as 0.20 g kg-1 and increases the Practical Salinity about 0.025 at most comparing to the chlorinity-based salinity. Moreover, both of them show obvious seasonal variation. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the accurate measurement and expression of Absolute Salinity of the China offshore.

scholarly journals A global algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity

Ocean Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McDougall ◽  
D. R. Jackett ◽  
F. J. Millero ◽  
R. Pawlowicz ◽  
P. M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
The North ◽  
Salinity Anomaly ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Composition ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract. The International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater – 2010 has defined the thermodynamic properties of seawater in terms of a new salinity variable, Absolute Salinity, which takes into account the spatial variation of the composition of seawater. Absolute Salinity more accurately reflects the effects of the dissolved material in seawater on the thermodynamic properties (particularly density) than does Practical Salinity. When a seawater sample has standard composition (i.e. the ratios of the constituents of sea salt are the same as those of surface water of the North Atlantic), Practical Salinity can be used to accurately evaluate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. When seawater is not of standard composition, Practical Salinity alone is not sufficient and the Absolute Salinity Anomaly needs to be estimated; this anomaly is as large as 0.025 g kg−1 in the northernmost North Pacific. Here we provide an algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity Anomaly for any location (x, y, p) in the world ocean. To develop this algorithm, we used the Absolute Salinity Anomaly that is found by comparing the density calculated from Practical Salinity to the density measured in the laboratory. These estimates of Absolute Salinity Anomaly however are limited to the number of available observations (namely 811). In order to provide a practical method that can be used at any location in the world ocean, we take advantage of approximate relationships between Absolute Salinity Anomaly and silicate concentrations (which are available globally).

scholarly journals OSSOS. II. A SHARP TRANSITION IN THE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF THE KUIPER BELT’S SCATTERING POPULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shankman ◽  
JJ. Kavelaars ◽  
B. J. Gladman ◽  
M. Alexandersen ◽  
N. Kaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
The Absolute

scholarly journals An algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity in the global ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McDougall ◽  
D. R. Jackett ◽  
F. J. Millero
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Seawater Sample ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Salinity Anomaly ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Composition ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract. To date, density and other thermodynamic properties of seawater have been calculated from Practical Salinity, S P. It is more accurate however to use Absolute Salinity, S A (the mass fraction of dissolved material in seawater). Absolute Salinity S A can be expressed in terms of Practical Salinity S P as S A=(35.165 04 g kg-1/35)S P+δ S A(φ, λ, p) where δ S A is the Absolute Salinity Anomaly as a function of longitude φ, latitude λ and pressure. When a seawater sample has standard composition (i.e. the ratios of the constituents of sea salt are the same as those of surface water of the North Atlantic), the Absolute Salinity Anomaly is zero. When seawater is not of standard composition, the Absolute Salinity Anomaly needs to be estimated; this anomaly is as large as 0.025 g kg−1 in the northernmost North Pacific. Here we provide an algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity Anomaly for any location (φ, λ, p) in the world ocean. To develop this algorithm we use the Absolute Salinity Anomaly that is found by comparing the density calculated from Practical Salinity to the density measured in the laboratory. These estimates of Absolute Salinity Anomaly however are limited to the number of available observations (namely 811). To expand our data set we take advantage of approximate relationships between Absolute Salinity Anomaly and silicate concentrations (which are available globally). We approximate the laboratory-determined values of δ S A of the 811 seawater samples as a series of simple functions of the silicate concentration of the seawater sample and latitude; one function for each ocean basin. We use these basin-specific correlations and a digital atlas of silicate in the world ocean to deduce the Absolute Salinity Anomaly globally and this is stored as an atlas, δ S A (φ, λ, p). This atlas can be interpolated to the latitude, longitude and pressure of a seawater sample to estimate its Absolute Salinity Anomaly. For the 811 samples studied, ignoring the Absolute Salinity Anomaly results in a standard error in S A of 0.0107 g kg-1. Using our algorithm for δ S A reduces the error to 0.0048 g kg−1, reducing the mean square error by a factor of five. The number of sea water samples used to develop the correlation relationship is limited, and we hope that the algorithm and error can be improved as further data becomes available.

scholarly journals Extended evaluation of quality of swimming pool water - importance of selected pollutant fractions

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00098
Author(s):  
Edyta Łaskawiec ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak ◽  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Fraction Distribution ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

The authors of the study attempted to determine the fraction of selected impurities in the filter backwash water from the pool circuit (hot tub). Ultrafiltration membranes were used for the separation process. The main parameter informing about the content of impurities in a given fraction was total carbon (including the total organic carbon). In the studies, fractions with the following sizes of > 200 kDa, 50–200 kDa, < 50 kDa were separated. The fraction distribution in > 5 kDa and < 5kDa was also analyzed. The percentage content of inorganic carbon and total organic carbon changed depending on the ultrafiltration membrane with different distribution characteristics. The concentration of total organic carbon decreased gradually with a decrease in the MWCO value of the membrane. On the basis of the total carbon value, it was found that the tested washings contained: 30.40 wt.% of > 200 kDa fraction, 55.62 wt.% of fraction in the range of 50–200 kDa and 13.98 wt.% of fraction < 50kDa.

The Nitrogen Distribution Characteristics of Different Colloidal Dispersion Complex in Yitong River Sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Ji Hong Wang ◽  
Ting Ting Chen ◽  
Lian Sheng Du ◽  
Lan Po Zhao
Keyword(s):  
River Sediments ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution ◽  
Grouping Method ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Colloid Dispersion ◽  
Total Sediment

The sediment of the Yitong which is located in the middle of Jilin Province is selected as the object of study. The distribution characteristics of nitrogen content in colloidal dispersion complex were studied using the improved Qiulin colloid dispersion grouping method, . The results showed that the absolute amount of nitrogen in G0>G2. Among the group of complex of < 10μm, the absolute amount of nitrogen in G2 group is maximum, but the contribution to the sediment nitrogen stability is minimal. The total weight (total G) of complex of < 10 μm accounted for about 27% of the sediment, but the content of nitrogen accounted for about 49% of the total sediment nitrogen, which indicated the importance of the complex of < 10 μm to the stabilization of the sediment nitrogen.

Influence Analysis of Phy-Oceanography Processes for Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Oxygen in Fujian and Zhejiang Waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2755-2762
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Ying Yu Liang ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Pan Jun Du ◽  
Yue Jun Fei
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Sea Current ◽  
Different Seasons

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of sea waters is an important index to ecologic environment of sea. Multidisciplinary surveys were carried out in four seasons from August 2006 to December 2007 in Fujian and Zhejiang waters. Contents of DO in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. Except for winter, contents of DO show a decreasing trend from surface water to bottom. The overall horizontal distribution of DO In the shore is higher than that of in offshore,but the detailed distribution is different in different seasons. The influence of Physical oceanography processes such as coastal current of Fujian and Zhejiang ,coastal upwelling and the intrusion of open-sea current, on Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Oxygen was discussed by analyzing hydrologic and meteorologic data. The main conclusions are as follows:The contents of DO is negative correlated with Seawater temperature and salinity. The contents of DO in the shore is high which is impacted by the Yangtze diluted water and coastal current of Fujian and Zhejiang: There are three main reasons why the contents of DO are low in part sea waters of the studied area, which are the intrusion of Taiwan warm current and kuroshio water, the coastal upwelling and the stratification of water.

scholarly journals Macronutrient and carbon supply, uptake and cycling across the Antarctic Peninsula shelf during summer

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2122) ◽  
pp. 20170168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian F. Henley ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jones ◽  
Hugh J. Venables ◽  
Michael P. Meredith ◽  
Yvonne L. Firing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The West ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Shelf Sediment ◽  
West Antarctic Peninsula

The West Antarctic Peninsula shelf is a region of high seasonal primary production which supports a large and productive food web, where macronutrients and inorganic carbon are sourced primarily from intrusions of warm saline Circumpolar Deep Water. We examined the cross-shelf modification of this water mass during mid-summer 2015 to understand the supply of nutrients and carbon to the productive surface ocean, and their subsequent uptake and cycling. We show that nitrate, phosphate, silicic acid and inorganic carbon are progressively enriched in subsurface waters across the shelf, contrary to cross-shelf reductions in heat, salinity and density. We use nutrient stoichiometric and isotopic approaches to invoke remineralization of organic matter, including nitrification below the euphotic surface layer, and dissolution of biogenic silica in deeper waters and potentially shelf sediment porewaters, as the primary drivers of cross-shelf enrichments. Regenerated nitrate and phosphate account for a significant proportion of the total pools of these nutrients in the upper ocean, with implications for the seasonal carbon sink. Understanding nutrient and carbon dynamics in this region now will inform predictions of future biogeochemical changes in the context of substantial variability and ongoing changes in the physical environment. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The marine system of the West Antarctic Peninsula: status and strategy for progress in a region of rapid change’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document