scholarly journals Water availability, water quality water governance: the future ahead

2015 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tundisi ◽  
T. Matsumura-Tundisi ◽  
V. S. Ciminelli ◽  
F. A. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract. The major challenge for achieving a sustainable future for water resources and water security is the integration of water availability, water quality and water governance. Water is unevenly distributed on Planet Earth and these disparities are cause of several economic, ecological and social differences in the societies of many countries and regions. As a consequence of human misuse, growth of urbanization and soil degradation, water quality is deteriorating continuously. Key components for the maintenance of water quantity and water quality are the vegetation cover of watersheds, reduction of the demand and new water governance that includes integrated management, predictive evaluation of impacts, and ecosystem services. Future research needs are discussed.

scholarly journals Using Video Messages to Promote Residential Adoption of Fertilizer Best Management Practices

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. Ali ◽  
Laura A. Sanagorski Warner ◽  
Peyton Beattie ◽  
Alexa J. Lamm ◽  
Joy N. Rumble
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Homeowner Associations ◽  
Quality Water

Residents are inclined to over-irrigate and over-fertilize their lawns to uphold landscape appearances influenced by homeowner associations and neighborhood aesthetics (Nielson & Smith (2005). While these practices affect water quantity and quality, water quality is most impacted by fertilizer runoff (Nielson & Smith, 2005; Toor et al., 2017). Supporting water programs and engagement in fertilizer best management practices (BMPs) can have positive impacts on water quality. The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory can be used to explain how a population accepts and adopts fertilizer best management practices (BMPs) over time (Rogers, 2003). Adoption can be understood through a population's perception of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability of fertilizer BMPs. The information presented here is an exploration of how extension can use video messages to influence residents' perception of these factors which influence adoption. The videos positively influence residents' perceptions of fertilizer BMPs, and recommendations are offered for applying this research to extension programs. 

scholarly journals A Comparison of Irrigation-Water Containment Methods and Management Strategies Between Two Ornamental Production Systems to Minimize Water Security Threats

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ristvey ◽  
Bruk Belayneh ◽  
John Lea-Cox
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Return Water ◽  
Plant Nursery

Water security in ornamental plant production systems is vital for maintaining profitability. Expensive, complicated, or potentially dangerous treatment systems, together with skilled labor, is often necessary to ensure water quality and plant health. Two contrasting commercial ornamental crop production systems in a mesic region are compared, providing insight into the various strategies employed using irrigation-water containment and treatment systems. The first is a greenhouse/outdoor container operation which grows annual ornamental plants throughout the year using irrigation booms, drip emitters, and/or ebb and flow systems depending on the crop, container size, and/or stage of growth. The operation contains and recycles 50–75% of applied water through a system of underground cisterns, using a recycling reservoir and a newly constructed 0.25 ha slow-sand filtration (SSF) unit. Groundwater provides additional water when needed. Water quantity is not a problem in this operation, but disease and water quality issues, including agrochemicals, are of potential concern. The second is a perennial-plant nursery which propagates cuttings and produces field-grown trees and containerized plants. It has a series of containment/recycling reservoirs that capture rainwater and irrigation return water, together with wells of limited output. Water quantity is a more important issue for this nursery, but poor water quality has had some negative economic effects. Irrigation return water is filtered and sanitized with chlorine gas before being applied to plants via overhead and micro-irrigation systems. The agrochemical paclobutrazol was monitored for one year in the first operation and plant pathogens were qualified and quantified over two seasons for both production systems. The two operations employ very different water treatment systems based on their access to water, growing methods, land topography, and capital investment. Each operation has experienced different water quantity and quality vulnerabilities, and has addressed these threats using a variety of technologies and management techniques to reduce their impacts.

Predicting Attainable Water Quality Using the Ecoregional Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schonter ◽  
Vladimir Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Surface Form ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Background Water Quality

To more adequately protect receiving water bodies, government policy is leading toward adaptation of integrated management approaches that protect the integrity of the ecosystem as a whole. Approaching natural water quality is a goal of integrated water resource management. Ecoregions represent geographical areas of relatively similar land surface form, mineral availability, natural vegetation and land uses, and therefore, represent areas of relatively similar background water quality. Water quality at relatively unimpacted reference locations is representative of regional natural water quality and may be reasonably extrapolated to other similar locations within the ecoregion. These concepts were applied to the Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains ecoregion and the Milwaukee River, Wisconsin.

Dew as a sustainable non-conventional water resource: a critical review

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Tomaszkiewicz ◽  
Majdi Abou Najm ◽  
Daniel Beysens ◽  
Ibrahim Alameddine ◽  
Mutasem El-Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
And Performance

Over the last 20 years, dew harvesting has evolved to fruition because of a better understanding of its physics, thermodynamics, and the radiative cooling process of condensing substrates. Although resultant yields are relatively small, dew positions itself as a viable water resources supplement because it occurs naturally and frequently in many locations globally, particularly in the absence of precipitation or when more traditional water sources are subject to depletion. Moreover, dew water is generally potable, especially in rural locations, where it is most beneficial. This review summarizes dew harvesting research achievements to date including formation processes, collection in various environments, prediction models, water quality, and applications. The paper concludes with outlining existing gaps and future research needs to improve the understanding and performance of dew harvesting in the context of adaptation to climate change.

Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems and Water Quality in the Northern Great Plains: Review of Current Practices and Future Research Needs

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Faust ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
David W. Archer ◽  
John R. Hendrickson ◽  
Scott L. Kronberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Current Practices

Hydrological, socioeconomic, engineering and water quality modeling aspects for evaluating water security: experience from Greek rural watersheds.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Angeli ◽  
Eleni Karkani ◽  
Angelos Alamanos ◽  
Stefanos Xenarios ◽  
Nikitas Mylopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Lake Karla

<p>Water security poses one of the biggest challenges of the century. It is a versatile problem, going beyond the traditional concepts of hydrology and water quality. It is difficult to give a single definition, since water security signifies a "safe operating subspace" within a multi-dimensional space that maps physical resource availability, water quality, demand, infrastructure and economic choices. The main idea of water security, as addressed in the present study, is the need to balance human and environmental water needs.</p><p>In arid and semi-arid areas, including Greece, intensification of agriculture accompanied with poor management is a common phenomenon. These attempts to meet economic and productive objectives, combined with the physical characteristics of these areas, has led to quantitative and qualitative water degradation, questioning the sustainability of water resources. In Greece, the Ministry of Environment Management Plans found that only 1 or 2 cases in the country are in “a good status”. This study aims to propose a way towards integrated and sustainable management, through hydro-economic tools: water balance, profits from agricultural activities, water value, and water quality. Water security is examined based on these terms in several Greek rural watersheds.</p><p>The methodology consists of the estimation of water availability, water demand, and thus water balance in surface and groundwater resources. The profits from the agricultural activities are estimated from a straightforward economic model, based on the gross profits and production costs. Water quality is based on measurements on concentrations of fertilizers, chemical parameters and pesticides, and its improvement is examined through the quantitative replenishment due to several strategies exploiting dilution processes in surface and groundwater. The analysis used data from the period 2005-2015, and a set of management scenarios were examined, suggesting technical measures (e.g. reducing losses, improving irrigation methods) and crop replacement scenarios, taking into account factors affecting these decisions, and also the Ministry’s recommendations. The water value was calculated using the “change of the net-income” method. All the above factors’ results indicate the degradation of the examined areas.</p><p>More specifically, the watersheds of Lake Karla, Almyros, Koronia, and Loudia were selected as the most representative cases. These watersheds seem to have limited water availability, intensified agriculture, poor water quality and management issues. The Lake Karla watershed is characterized from overexploited surface and groundwater resources, Loudia and Koronia watersheds face the same issues plus a strong qualitative degradation, Almyros watershed main issue is the salinization of its coastal aquifer. In conclusion, the first steps that are introduced in this study can be a starting point for more integrated water security management, helping local water managers understand and address the above issues.</p><p>Overall, it is a novel attempt to integrate all the above parameters in one framework, for a ten-year horizon, and comparing rural Greek case studies. Non-comparable factors also exist among different case studies, which are discussed, however the evidences support the finding of the general degradation and unsustainable management in the country.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Water Security, agricultural watersheds, Greece, Water Resources Management, Hydro-economic modeling, water quality, scenario analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Double Exposures: Future Water Security across Urban Southeast Asia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Lorenzo ◽  
Ann P. Kinzig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world in terms of economic growth and urbanization. At the same time, the region is also prone to multiple hydro-meteorological disasters, which are projected to be intensified by climate change. This paper analyzes the combined effect of economic development and climate change on the future water security of middle-income Southeast Asian countries using the double exposure framework, focusing on the effects in urban areas. A review of the existing literature reveals unequal water security outcomes across the region as a result of combined climate, economic, and urbanization pressures. The water supply and sanitation infrastructure of upper-middle-income Southeast Asian countries are vulnerable to damage from intensified disasters, potentially decreasing both immediate and longer-term water quality. In lower-middle-income countries, the water quality will be the more important water security challenge in the short-term as opposed to water quantity, mainly due to the fast growth of industries. Lower-middle-income countries, though less vulnerable to disasters, will still have lower future water security compared to upper-middle-income countries, as they have less capacity to address water quality and quantity challenges brought about by both industrial growth and urbanization. Across the region, future water quantity and quality challenges may result in slower economic and urban growth if not planned adequately.

Irrigation Management Practices in Ohio

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 521b-521
Author(s):  
Cassandra C. Sheaffer ◽  
Mary Ann Rose
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Initial Mailing ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Response Rate Data

Expanding urbanization in Ohio has made the availability of quality water an emerging issue of great importance to the state's nursery industry. This development necessitates an examination of nurseries' use and management of water. This study surveyed 600 Ohio nursery growers with a mail questionnaire to determine the frequency of irrigation and water-saving techniques across the state. The 21-question questionnaire covered topics including water sources, irrigation practices, water testing and information needs. The mailing list used was the Ohio Dept. of Agriculture's licensed nursery operators list. Nonrespondents received a postcard reminder and a second copy of the survey within 3 months of the initial mailing, yielding a 45% response rate. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Responses indicate approximately 57% of Ohio nurseries used irrigation in the 1997 growing season. For field production, 64%of nurseries used overhead irrigation for at least half of their irrigated production; for container production, 91%. Nearly 41% of respondents using irrigation reported capturing runoff for reuse this past year. The most common irrigation sources for Ohio nurseries were wells (79%) and ponds (62%). Additional goals for the project include raising awareness of water management and water quality issues, identify common water quality problems, and to obtain direction for future research and extension efforts.

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