scholarly journals Soil wind erosion in ecological olive trees in the Tabernas desert (southeastern Spain): a wind tunnel experiment

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Asensio ◽  
Francisco Javier Lozano ◽  
Pedro Gallardo ◽  
Antonio Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Southeastern Spain ◽  
Soil Crusting ◽  
Erodible Fraction

Abstract. Wind erosion is a key component of the soil degradation processes. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of material loss from wind on soil properties for different soil types and changes in soil properties in olive groves when they are tilled. The study area is located in the north of the Tabernas Desert, in the province of Almería, southeastern Spain. It is one of the driest areas in Europe, with a semiarid thermo-Mediterranean type of climate. We used a new wind tunnel model over three different soil types (olive-cropped Calcisol, Cambisol and Luvisol) and studied micro-plot losses and deposits detected by an integrated laser scanner. We also studied the image processing possibilities for examining the particles attached to collector plates located at the end of the tunnel to determine their characteristics and whether they were applicable to the setup. Samples collected in the traps at the end of the tunnel were analyzed. We paid special attention to the influence of organic carbon, carbonate and clay contents because of their special impact on soil crusting and the wind-erodible fraction. A principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out to find any relations on generated dust properties and the intensity and behavior of those relationships. Component 1 separated data with high N and OC contents from samples high in fine silt, CO3= and available K content. Component 2 separated data with high coarse silt and clay contents from data with high fine sand content. Component 3 was an indicator of available P2O5 content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to analyze the effect of soil type and sampling height on different properties of trapped dust. Calculations based on tunnel data showed overestimation of erosion in soil types and calculation of the fraction of soil erodible by wind done by other authors for Spanish soils. As the highest loss was found in Cambisols, mainly due to the effect on soil crusting and the wind-erodible fraction aggregation of CaCO3, a Stevia rebaudiana cover crop was planted between the rows in this soil type and this favored retention of particles in vegetation.

scholarly journals Soil wind erosion in ecological olive trees in the Tabernas desert (S.E. Spain): a wind tunnel experiment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Asensio ◽  
Francisco Javier Lozano ◽  
Pedro Gallardo ◽  
Antonio Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Soil Crusting ◽  
Sampling Height ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Wind erosion is a key component of the soil degradation processes. The purposes of this study were to find out the influence of material loss from wind on soil properties for different soil types and the changes in soil properties in olive groves when they are tilled. We used a wind tunnel over three different soil types (Calcisol, Cambisol and Luvisol) and concentrated on micro-plot losses and deposits detected by a laser scanner integrated in the tunnel. We also studied the image processing possibilities for examining the particles attached to collector plates located at the end of the tunnel to determine their characteristics, and whether they were applicable to the setup. We paid special attention to the influence of organic carbon, carbonate and clay contents because of their special impact on soil crusting and the wind-erodible fraction. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was done to estimate any relationships on generated dust properties and the intensity and behavior of those relationships. Then analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were done to analyze the effect of soil type and sampling height on different properties of capted dust. Calculations based on tunnel data showed overestimation of erosion in tilled Cambisol compared to the other tilled soil typologies and calculation of the fraction of soil erodible by wind done by other authors for Spanish soils.

MONTHLY AND YEARLY CHANGES IN AGGREGATE SIZE OF SURFACE SOILS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Bisal ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Erodible Fraction

Repeated sampling at a single location on each of three soil types at irregular intervals during the 12-year period 1955–1967 indicated a highly monthly and yearly variation in the percentage of the total soil in aggregates < 0.84 mm in diameter (the erodible fraction) by dry-sieve analysis. The greatest degree of variation occurred in the clay soil. Increases and decreases in aggregation were correlated among soils.The amount of the erodible fraction determined by dry-sieve analysis is highly dependent on the date of sampling. Consequently, the value of dry sieving as a method of predicting the susceptibility of soils to wind erosion over an extended period of time is limited.

scholarly journals Soil Characteristics Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Semiarid Mediterranean Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3348-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Alguacil ◽  
Maria Pilar Torres ◽  
Alicia Montesinos-Navarro ◽  
Antonio Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Amf Communities

ABSTRACTWe investigated communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots and the rhizosphere soil ofBrachypodium retusumin six different natural soils under field conditions. We explored phylogenetic patterns of AMF composition using indicator species analyses to find AMF associated with a given habitat (root versus rhizosphere) or soil type. We tested whether the AMF characteristics of different habitats or contrasting soils were more closely related than expected by chance. Then we used principal-component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance to test for the relative contribution of each factor in explaining the variation in fungal community composition. Finally, we used redundancy analysis to identify the soil properties that significantly explained the differences in AMF communities across soil types. The results pointed out a tendency of AMF communities in roots to be closely related and different from those in the rhizosphere soil. The indicator species analyses revealed AMF associated with rhizosphere soil and the root habitat. Soil type also determined the distribution of AMF communities in soils, and this effect could not be attributed to a single soil characteristic, as at least three soil properties related to microbial activity, i.e., pH and levels of two micronutrients (Mn and Zn), played significant roles in triggering AMF populations.IMPORTANCECommunities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are main components of soil biota that can determine the productivity of ecosystems. These fungal assemblages vary across host plants and ecosystems, but the main ecological processes that shape the structures of these communities are still largely unknown. A field study in six different soil types from semiarid areas revealed that AMF communities are significantly influenced by habitat (soil versus roots) and soil type. In addition, three soil properties related to microbiological activity (i.e., pH and manganese and zinc levels) were the main factors triggering the distribution of AMF. These results contribute to a better understanding of the ecological factors that can shape AMF communities, an important soil microbial group that affects multiple ecosystem functions.

scholarly journals Polyester Microplastic Fibers affect Soil Physical Properties and Erosion as a Function of Soil Type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Vincenzo Bagarello ◽  
Francesco G. Carollo ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Abstract. Microplastic is recognized as a factor of global change affecting many environmental compartments. Agricultural soils are likely hotspots of microplastic contamination in terrestrial ecosystems and are of particular concern due to their role in food production. Microplastic has already been shown to be able to affect soil properties, but its effect on different soil types is poorly understood. Moreover, no information is available on how the presence of this pollutant can affect soil water erosion processes, which are extremely important issues in many environments. In the light of this, we performed two experiments (a microcosm and a mesocosm study) to investigate how the presence of polyester microplastic fibers affects soil physical and hydrological parameters and processes such as aggregate formation and soil erosion in three different agricultural soil types. Our data show that the effects of polyester microplastic on soil physical parameters (including soil aggregation and erosion) are strongly dependent on soil type. We found that microplastic contamination can decrease the formation of new aggregates but at the same time increase their stability in water, with effects on soil erosion stronger as the intrinsic erodibility of soil increases. Overall, our results highlight the importance of broadly exploring soil properties such as texture, mineralogy, and organic carbon content to better understand how the various soil types respond to microplastic contamination.

scholarly journals Soil types, soil properties and spatial distribution in management unit “Doroslovacke forests”

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Zoran Galic ◽  
Radenko Ponjarac ◽  
Alen Kis ◽  
Zoran Novcic ◽  
Verica Vasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Site Type

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of different soil types and soil systematic units in MU ?Doroslovacke sume?. The most common soil type is chernozem, primarily of calcalourus type. Research has shown that the soil types secondary in prevalance are calcalourus gleyed and brownized, which is a finding that significantly differs from the previously available data. Calcalourus variety of chernozem, which is characterized by its automorphic genesis and high content of CaCO3, is a drier site type and therefore offers less favourable conditions for cultivation of tree species. The analysys of spacial distribution was followed by study of soil properties.

Estimation of nutrient movement caused by wind erosion on chernozem soils in wind tunnel experiments

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Farsang ◽  
József Szatmári ◽  
Gábor Négyesi ◽  
Máté Bartus ◽  
Károly Barta
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Összefoglalva megállapítható, hogy nagyobb szélsebesség hatására több talajanyag erodálódott, és ezzel együtt megnőtt az áthalmozott tápanyag mennyisége is. Minden vizsgált szélsebesség esetében a szélerózió következtében 3–7%-kal megnőtt az 1 mm és annál nagyobb szemcsék, illetve aggregátumok aránya a kiindulási talajanyag felső 0–1 cm-es rétegében. A finomabb szemcse-, illetve aggregátum-átmérők esetén a fújatást követően csökkenést tapasztaltunk. A leginkább a 315 μm és az annál kisebb szemcsék aránya csökkent, átlagosan 1–2%-kal. A minták kémiai és fizikai elemzéseiből megállapítható, hogy a láda utáni humuszosabb, aggregátumosabb szerkezetű minták N-tartalma nagyobb, mint az alapmintáé. A fogók mintáiban nem tapasztaltunk feldúsulást egy vizsgált elem esetében sem, a fogókban összegyűlt talajanyag kálium- és foszfortartalma is kisebb volt, mint az alapmintáé. Ennek oka, hogy az itt csapdázódott üledékben kisebb a tápanyag-megkötődés helyéül szolgáló leiszapolható rész aránya, mint a kiindulási talajanyagban. A vizsgálatainkból látszik, hogy a szélerózió hatására a lebegtetve, illetve ugráltatva áthalmozott talajszemcsékkel és aggregátumokkal szállított humusz 500–3500 kg/ha nagyságrendben mozoghat a vizsgált csernozjom területen akár egyetlen szélesemény hatására is. A kálium-áthalmozódás mértéke elérheti a 100 kg/ha értéket, a foszforé a 70 kg/ha-t, a nitrogénveszteség mértéke pedig akár 200–300 kg/ha is lehet egy szélesemény alkalmával. E tápanyagmennyiség nagy része több száz méter, de akár kilométeres távolságokra is távozhat a területről. Az általunk végzett szélcsatornás vizsgálatok eredményei becslésnek tekinthetők, hiszen vizsgálatunk során növénymaradvány-mentes, szitált és légszáraz talajanyaggal dolgoztunk. A szitálás eredményeként csupán a 2 mm-es és annál kisebb aggregátumok maradtak meg, ami azonban az intenzív művelés alá vont, porosodott, leromlott szerkezetű talajfelszín körülményeit jól közelíti. Ugyanakkor a természetben zajló széleróziós eseményeknek a szélcsatorna-kísérlet csak leegyszerűsített modellváltozata, hiszen az általunk szimulált szélesemények 15 percig tartottak, s nem tudtunk széllökéseket előállítani, melyek a széleróziós események alakulásában nagy jelentőségűek. Ennek tudatában kell a kapott eredményeket értékelni, mégis érdemes velük foglalkozni. A terepi mérésekkel szemben a szélcsatornában végzett vizsgálatoknak éppen az a legfontosabb előnye, hogy ellenőrzött, kontrollált körülmények között végezzük a méréseket, így rengeteg olyan szempontot meg tudunk vizsgálni, amit terepi mérésekkel lehetetlen lenne. Ilyen szempontok a pontos szélsebesség és szélirány hatása, az erodált felület nagysága és tulajdonságai. Kutatásunk következő lépése a szélcsatornás kísérletekkel vizsgált mintaterületeken terepi, mobil szélcsatornás vizsgálatok végzése, valamint terepi üledékcsapdák elhelyezésével a valós szélesemények által elszállított talaj mennyiségének és minőségének meghatározása. Célunk mind pontosabb képet alkotni a hazai jó minőségű csernozjom talajok szélerózió okozta tápanyagveszteségének mértékéről. A mezőgazdasági művelés alatt álló csernozjom területek feltalajában a tápanyag és szerves anyag szélerózió útján történő mozgási törvényszerűségeinek feltárása több szempontból is hasznos: segítséget jelent a területi tervezésben, a defláció szempontjából optimális területhasználat és művelési módok meghatározásában. Képet kapunk arról, hogy a legnagyobb gazdasági potenciállal rendelkező termőtalajunk milyen veszélyeknek van kitéve, s hogy a nem megfelelő időben, nem megfelelő nedvességviszonyok mellett történő talajművelés következtében kialakuló szerkezetromlás (porosodás) miatti deflációs károk milyen tápanyagveszteséggel járhatnak együtt.

scholarly journals Properties of humic acids depending on the land use in different parts of Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Bozena Debska ◽  
Erika Tobiasova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

AbstractMany studies report organic carbon stabilization by clay minerals, but the effects of land use and soil type on the properties of humic acids (HAs) are missing. The aim of the paper is to determine the effects of land use and soil types on the characteristics of HAs, which have a considerable influence on organic matter quality. It was hypothesised that the effect of the land use on HAs properties depends on the particular size distribution. The research was performed in three ecosystems: agricultural, forest, and meadow, located in Slovakia. From each of them, the samples of 4 soil types were taken: Chernozem, Luvisol, Planosol, and Cambisol. The soil samples were assayed for the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and the particle size distribution. HAs were extracted with the Schnitzer method and analysed for the elemental composition, spectrometric parameters in the UV-VIS range, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, and the infrared spectra were produced. The research results have shown that the properties of HAs can be modified by the land use and the scope and that the direction of changes depends on the soil type. The HAs of Chernozem and Luvisol in the agri-ecosystem were identified with a higher “degree of maturity”, as reflected by atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, O/H), absorbance coefficients, and the FT-IR spectra, as compared with the HAs of the meadow and forest ecosystem. However, as for the HAs of Cambisol, a higher “degree of maturity” was demonstrated for the meadow ecosystem, as compared with the HAs of the agri- and forest ecosystem. The present research has clearly identified that the content of clay is the factor determining the HAs properties. Soils with a higher content of the clay fraction contain HAs with a higher “degree of maturity”.

Wind tunnel test and 137Cs tracing study on wind erosion of several soils in Tibet

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C ZHANG ◽  
X ZOU ◽  
P YANG ◽  
Y DONG ◽  
S LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test

THE OASIS SOIL TYPE CHANGE AND ITS FRACTAL IN MANASI RIVER BASIN BETWEEN 1987–2006, ARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA / MANASI UPĖS BASEINO SAUSRINGOJE ŠIAURĖS VAKARŲ KINIJOJE OAZIŲ DIRVOŽEMIO TIPŲ POKYČIAI IR FRAKTALAI 1987–2006 M

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pujia Yu ◽  
Hailiang Xu ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Xinfeng Zhao ◽  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Arid Northwestern China ◽  
Type Change ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Soil Changes

During the past 20 years, great landscape changes took place in the northwest of China. Landscape change resulted in soil type transformations. This paper discusses the changes and fractal of soil types in oasis. In order to do it, the soil type maps of Manasi River Basin in 1987 and 2006 were used. 13 types of soil and 2 types of land-use were classified and analyzed in the study area. Results indicated many variations in characteristics. Firstly, all soil types underwent remarkable changes from 1987 to 2006 in the study area: the identified changed area was about 30% or 6506.33 km2. Secondly, in comparison with 1987, in 2006 2/3 of the area's soil types increased, while 1/3 decreased. Rapid expansion of Aquicambids (415.28 km2), and rapid decrease of Petrocambids (797.05 km2) and Aquisalids (415.93 km2) were the noticeable findings. Furthermore, Haplocambids obtained largest gains from other soil types, while Petrocambids lost largest area to other types. Additionally, the fractal relationship objectively existed between the perimeter and area of soil patches. The fractal dimension of Aquisalids, Petrocalcids and Ustifluvents became higher and their shapes became more complex during this period. The stability index was higher in 2006 which indicated that the spatial structure of soil type was more stable than in 1987. These chaotic and occasional changes were largely caused by human activities and natural conditions. Consequently, environmental managers should pay more attention to soil changes in the arid and semiarid region. Santrauka Per pastaruosius 20 metų šiaurės vakarų Kinijoje įvyko didelių kraštovaizdžio pokyčių, lėmusių ir dirvožemio tipų pakitimus. Remiantis 1987–2006 m. Manasi upės baseino dirvožemio žemėlapiais, aptariami dirvožemio tipų pokyčiai ir fraktalai oazėse. Pasirinktoje teritorijoje išskirta ir analizuota 13 dirvožemio tipų ir dvejopa žemėnauda. Nustatyta daug kintamųjų parametrų. Pirma, tirtõs teritorijos visų tipų dirvožemiai nuo 1987 iki 2006 m. žymiai pakito. Nustatytoji pokyčių zona apima apie 30 % teritorijos, arba 6 506,32 km2. Antra, palyginti su 1987 m., 2006 m. 10 dirvožemio tipų teritorija padidėjo, o 5 tipų sumažėjo. Sparčiai padidėjo Aquicambids (415,28 km2), sparčiai sumažėjo Petrocambids (797,05 km2) ir Aquisalids (415,93 km2), pokyčiai buvo žymūs. Iš visų kitų pakitusių dirvožemių tipų Haplocambids plotai padidėjo daugiausia, o labiausiai, palyginti su kitais, sumažėjo Petrocambids plotai. Be to, pastebėta, kad tarp dirvožemio teritorijos plotų ir perimetrų objektyviai egzistuoja fraktalinės sąsajos. Fraktalinės dimensijos Aquisalids, Petrocalcids ir Ustifluvents per minėtą laikotarpį padidėjo, o jų formos tapo sudėtingesnės. Stabilumo indeksas 2006 m. buvo didesnis. Tai rodė, kad erdvinė dirvožemio struktūra mažai pakito, tapo stabilesnė, palyginti nei buvo 1987 m. Šiuos atsitiktinius pokyčius iš esmės lėmė žmogaus veikla ir gamtinės sąlygos. Prieita prie išvados, kad sausojo ar pusiau sauso klimato regionuose kraštotvarkos vykdytojai dirvožemio pokyčiams turėtų skirti daugiau dėmesio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document