scholarly journals Increasing CO<sub>2</sub> flux at Pisciarelli, Campi Flegrei, Italy

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Queißer ◽  
Domenico Granieri ◽  
Mike Burton ◽  
Fabio Arzilli ◽  
Rosario Avino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Magmatic Source ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Laser Remote Sensing

Abstract. The Campi Flegrei caldera is located in the metropolitan area of Naples (Italy) and has been undergoing different stages of unrest since 1950, evidenced by episodes of significant ground uplift followed by minor subsidence, increasing and fluctuating emission strengths of water vapor and CO2 from fumaroles, and periodic seismic crises. We deployed a scanning laser remote-sensing spectrometer (LARSS) that measured path-integrated CO2 concentrations in the Pisciarelli area in May 2017. The resulting mean CO2 flux is 578 ± 246 t d−1. Our data suggest a significant increase in CO2 flux at this site since 2015. Together with recent geophysical observations, this suggests a greater contribution of the magmatic source to the degassing and/or an increase in permeability at shallow levels. Thanks to the integrated path soundings, LARSS may help to give representative measurements from large regions containing different CO2 sources, including fumaroles, low-temperature vents, and degassing soils, helping to constrain the contribution of deep gases and their migration mechanisms towards the surface.

scholarly journals Increasing CO<sub>2</sub> flux at Pisciarelli, Campi Flegrei, Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Queiβer ◽  
Domenico Granieri ◽  
Mike Burton ◽  
Fabio Arzilli ◽  
Rosario Avino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Magmatic Source ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Laser Remote Sensing

Abstract. Campi Flegrei caldera is located in the metropolitan nucleus of Naples (Italy), and has been undergoing different stages of unrest since 1950, evidenced by episodes of significant ground uplift followed by minor subsidence, increasing and fluctuating emission strengths of water vapor and CO2 from fumaroles, and periodic seismic crises. We deployed a scanning laser remote sensing spectrometer (LARSS) that measures path integrated CO2 concentrations at the Pisciarelli area in May 2017. The resulting mean CO2 flux is 578 ± 246 t d−1. Our data suggest a significant increase in CO2 flux at this site since 2015. Together with recent geophysical observations, this suggests a greater contribution of the magmatic source to the degassing and/or an increase of permeability at shallow levels. Thanks to the integrated path soundings, LARSS proves to give representative measurements from large regions containing different CO2 sources, including fumaroles, low-T vents, and degassing soils, helping to constrain the contribution of deep gases and their migration mechanisms towards the surface.

scholarly journals Study of Surface Emissions of 220Rn (Thoron) at Two Sites in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy) during Volcanic Unrest in the Period 2011–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5809
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ambrosino ◽  
Carlo Sabbarese ◽  
Flora Giudicepietro ◽  
Walter De Cesare ◽  
Mariagabriella Pugliese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Volcanic Unrest ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Carrier Effect ◽  
Geochemical Parameters

The study concerns the analysis of 220Rn (thoron) recorded in the surface soil in two sites of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Naples, Southern Italy) characterized by phases of volcanic unrest in the seven-year period 1 July 2011–31 December 2017. Thoron comes only from the most surface layer, so the characteristics of its time series are strictly connected to the shallow phenomena, which can also act at a distance from the measuring point in these particular areas. Since we measured 220Rn in parallel with 222Rn (radon), we found that by using the same analysis applied to radon, we obtained interesting information. While knowing the limits of this radioisotope well, we highlight only the particular characteristics of the emissions of thoron in the surface soil. Here, we show that it also shows some clear features found in the radon signal, such as anomalies and signal trends. Consequently, we provide good evidence that, in spite of the very short life of 220Rn compared to 222Rn, both are related to the carrier effect of CO2, which has significantly increased in the last few years within the caldera. The hydrothermal alterations, induced by the increase in temperature and pressure of the caldera system, occur in the surface soils and significantly influence thoron’s power of exhalation from the surface layer. The effects on the surface thoron are reflected in both sites, but with less intensity, the same behavior of 222Rn following the increasing movements and fluctuations of the geophysical and geochemical parameters (CO2 flux, fumarolic tremor, background seismicity, soil deformation). An overall linear correlation was found between the 222−220Rn signals, indicating the effect of the CO2 vector. The overall results represent a significant step forward in the use and interpretation of the thoron signal.

scholarly journals CO2 and H2S Degassing at Fangaia Mud Pool, Solfatara, Campi Flegrei (Italy): Origin and Dynamics of the Pool Basin

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Dmitri Rouwet ◽  
Giancarlo Tamburello ◽  
Tullio Ricci ◽  
Alessandra Sciarra ◽  
Francesco Capecchiacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Active Crater ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Solfatara Crater

The Fangaia mud pool provides a “window” into the hydrothermal system underlying the degassing Solfatara crater, which is the most active volcanic centre inside the restless Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy. The present study aimed at unravelling the degassing dynamics of CO2 and H2S flushing through the pH 1.2 steam-heated Fangaia mud pool, an ideal field laboratory as a proxy of an active crater lake. Our results from MultiGAS measurements above Fangaia’s surface show that H2S scrubbing, demonstrated by high CO2/H2S ratios, was most efficient in the portions of the basin affected by diffusive degassing. Convective bubbling degassing instead was the most effective mechanism to release gas in quantitative terms, with lower CO2/H2S ratios, similar to the Solfatara crater fumaroles, the high-T end member of the hydrothermal system. Unsurprisingly, total estimated CO2 and H2S fluxes from the small Fangaia pool (~184 m2 in June 2017) were at least two orders of magnitude lower (CO2 flux < 64 t/d, H2S flux < 0.5 t/d) than the total CO2 flux of the Campi Flegrei caldera (up to 3000 t/d for CO2), too low to affect the gas budget for the caldera, and hence volcano monitoring routines. Given the role of the rising gas as “sediment stirrer”, the physical and chemical processes behind gas migration through a mud pool are arguably the creating processes giving origin to Fangaia. Follow-up studies of this so far unique campaign will help to better understand the fast dynamics of this peculiar degassing feature.

Laser Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Pollutants

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis K. Killinger ◽  
Norman Menyuk ◽  
Aram Mooradian
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Laser Remote Sensing

Popcorn-like aluminum-based powders for instant low-temperature water vapor hydrogen generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 100602
Author(s):  
Xinren Chen ◽  
Cuiping Wang ◽  
Yuheng Liu ◽  
Yansong Shen ◽  
Qijun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Temperature Water

scholarly journals Rolling membrane powered by low-temperature steam as a new approach to generate mechanical energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongshan Yin ◽  
Qicheng Liu ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Human Society ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Abstract How to convert heat energy into other forms of usable energy more efficiently is always crucial for our human society. In traditional heat engines, such as the steam engine and the internal combustion engine, high-grade heat energy can be easily converted into mechanical energy, while a large amount of low-grade heat energy is usually wasted owing to its disadvantage in the temperature level. In this work, for the first time, the generation of mechanical energy from both high- and low-temperature steam is implemented by a hydrophilic polymer membrane. When exposed to water vapor with a temperature ranging from 50 to 100 °C, the membrane repeats rolling from one side to another. In nature, this continuously rolling of membrane is powered by the steam, like a miniaturized “steam engine”. The differential concentration of water vapor (steam) on the two sides of the membrane generates the asymmetric swelling, the curve, and the rolling of the membrane. In particular, results suggest that this membrane based “steam engine” can be powered by the steam with a relatively very low temperature of 50 °C, which indicates a new approach to make use of both the high- and low-temperature heat energy.

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