Do Performance-Based Pay and Pay Competitiveness Moderate the Relation Between Lower-Level Employees Total Compensation and Job Satisfaction? Evidence from South Korea

Decades of international multidisciplinary studies have examined how compensation affects employees and organizations, but they neither specify the boundary conditions for employee job satisfaction nor differentiate the effects of pay on job satisfaction of employees at differing tiers within an organization. We explore whether performance-based pay and pay competitiveness moderate the relation between total compensation and job satisfaction among lower-level employees in South Korea. To investigate boundary conditions for that relation, we use performance-based pay and pay competitiveness as variables that tie compensation structure to job satisfaction. Drawing from data for 2,281 employees at 470 South Korean firms, we consider how two variables—incentive compensation and pay competitiveness—influence job satisfaction of lower-level employees. First, we confirmed a positive relationship between compensation and job satisfaction, and second, we found that the relationship is stronger among employees of firms where average compensation is below what is paid elsewhere.

Congenital hydrocephalus in three sheep: Clinical, electroencephalographic and pathological features

The clinical, electroencephalographic and neuro-pathological features of three cases (cases 1, 2 and 3) of congenital hydrocephalus in sheep were described. The observed neurological signs reflected damage in the telencephalon and brain stem. The electroencephalogram performed in case 1 and case 2 showed different patterns: symmetric and synchronous high-voltage slow-activity in case 1, and low-voltage slow-activity in case 2. By the post-mortem examination, in all the animals, dilatation of the ventricular system, especially of the lateral ventricles, associated with a glial reaction surrounding the dilated ventricles was observed. Only in case 3, a monolateral meningeal thickening at the left cerebellopontine angle seemed to be responsible for the obstructive hydrocephalus. In the other two brains (case 1 and 2), no potential anatomical cause for the hydrocephalus were detected, even if, in case 2, a compensatory form was not excluded due to the moderate hypoplasia of the cerebrum and the presence of the non-suppurative inflammation. The results of this work provide a contribution to the EEG characterisation in ovine hydrocephalus cases; nevertheless further multidisciplinary studies of a larger number of sheep could permit to better characterise the EEG pattern in ovine hydrocephalus cases.

Unravelling the Taphonomic Stories of Bird Bones from the Middle Pleistocene Layer VIII of Grotte Vaufrey, France

In recent years, several studies have significantly changed our knowledge concerning the use of birds by Neanderthals. However, what remains to be clarified is the geographical and chronological variability of this human behaviour. The present case study provides new information on this topic/debate. The Grotte Vaufrey was discovered during the 1930s and was excavated during different periods. Work carried out by J.-P. Rigaud during the 1980s motivated many multidisciplinary studies in the cave, but accurate studies were not focused on avian remains. In this work, we provide new data on the bird remains from layer VIII (MIS 7), which is the richest among all the sequences and which has an important Mousterian component. Corvids are predominant in the assemblage and are associated with medium-sized birds and small Passeriformes, among others. Most of the remains present modern fractures, which hinder taphonomic interpretation. However, some alterations associated with raptor or mammalian carnivore activities, together with the anatomical representation and age profile, suggest a non-human accumulation of the majority of the bird remains, especially in the case of corvids that naturally died in the cave. However, at least some bones show evidence of anthropic activity, suggesting the occasional use of large- and medium-sized birds by human populations.

How Combining Grounding and Acupuncture Simultaneously Increases Beneficial Outcomes Over Traditional Acupuncture?

Multidisciplinary studies showed that when the human body is electrically in contact with the Earth (earthing or grounding), it produces intriguing consequences on the physiology and health of the human being. These effects are related to treating acute and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses, immunological responses, wound treatment, and prevention. At the same time, acupuncture in Traditional Medicine has been widely utilized for its low side effects and therapeutic effectiveness as primary therapeutic therapy. However, the electrical reaction to acupuncture stimulation has not been investigated in conditions with acupuncture that could alter acupuncture therapeutic effectiveness. The study's objective is to inform scientists of the apparent innovative approach to inflammation studies; and alert researchers to the importance of the duration and the degree of grounding, which may affect the results of inflammation, injury, and tumorigenesis studies. Grounding with acupuncture decreases pain and changes the quantity of circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes and circulating chemical substances linked to inflammation. This work reviews the potential of acupuncture with earthing as an easy and readily accessible worldwide modality of substantial clinical importance is reviewed in this work.

Estimating SDG Indicators in Data-Scarce Areas: The Transition to the Use of New Technologies and Multidisciplinary Studies

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their indicators provide opportunities to best combine the available knowledge and data to monitor and estimate different metrics and track their progress. The overall picture can be complex as some indicators are often interconnected (e.g., rural and/or urban development with a water body’s status). Two factors can play a crucial role in achieving the SDGs: the use of new technologies for database building and multidisciplinary studies and understanding. This study aims to explore these factors, highlight their importance and provide an example as guidance of their proper and combinative use. Ireland is used as an example of a data-scarce case with poor–slow progress, especially on the environmental SDGs. Two “non-reported” SDG indicators (lack of data) are selected and estimated in this work using freely available data (remote sensing, satellite imagery) and geospatial software for the first time in the country. The results show improvements in rural and urban development; however, this is accompanied by negative environmental consequences. A more holistic approach is needed and a broader conceptual model is presented to avoid any misleading interpretations of the study of SDGs. The transition to the modern technological and multidisciplinary evolution requires respective knowledge and understanding, strongly based on complex systems analysis.

CALLUM, Walker; FEDERICI, Federico (Eds). Eye Tracking and Multidisciplinary Studies on Translation. Amsterdam, Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018, 299 pp., ISBN: 978-9-0272-0169-0

Book review: CALLUM, Walker; FEDERICI, Federico (Eds). Eye Tracking and Multidisciplinary Studies on Translation. Amsterdam, Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018, 299 pp., ISBN: 978-9-0272-0169-0

Maritime Coastal and Island Societies of Australia and New Guinea

Coasts, islands, and marine resources played a central role in the dispersal of people into and across Sahul (the combined landmass of New Guinea and Australia). This vast area spans tropical and temperate latitudes, with changes in the abundance and distribution of coastal resources having greatly influenced how people used these landscapes. Little is known of early coastal and island occupation in the millennia after colonisation because sites of this antiquity are now under water, and most islands formed in the Holocene following the postglacial rise in sea level. Current evidence indicates that small, mobile populations harvested nearshore shellfish and fish by 44–42 ka, with long-distance sea voyaging and interisland trade apparent by 25–20 ka. Increasingly intensive coast and island use is evident by the Mid-Holocene, with specialised maritime economies emerging in tropical latitudes throughout the Late Holocene. Although large gaps remain in our understanding of coastally oriented lifeways, multidisciplinary studies are increasingly challenging global paradigms about the antiquity and importance of marine resources on human cultural development.

Preclinical Test Methods with Animal Mouse and Rats Biomedical Research: Technical Guideline

A B S T R A C TTrials in pre-clinical trials are very complex multidisciplinary studies. Extrapolatingdata from animals to humans requires information from many fields of science. Frompre-clinical trials, more detailed information and data on efficacy and safety wereobtained, especially at doses equivalent to doses in humans, and the presence orabsence of cumulative effects and whether these effects could return to normal(reversible) after the administration of the test material was stopped. This test canbe used to predict the negative impact on humans if he is exposed to the materialfor a long time.