scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model – Soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric McGivney ◽  
Salim Belyazid ◽  
Therese Zetterberg ◽  
Stefan Löfgren ◽  
Jon Petter Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Forest Harvest ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Harvest Intensity ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model – soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080

SOIL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric McGivney ◽  
Jon Petter Gustafsson ◽  
Salim Belyazid ◽  
Therese Zetterberg ◽  
Stefan Löfgren
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Forest soils are susceptible to anthropogenic acidification. In the past, acid rain was a major contributor to soil acidification, but, now that atmospheric levels of S have dramatically declined, concern has shifted towards biomass-induced acidification, i.e. decreasing soil solution pH due to tree growth and harvesting events that permanently remove base cations (BCs) from forest stands. We use a novel dynamic model, HD-MINTEQ (Husby Dynamic MINTEQ), to investigate possible long-term impacts of two theoretical future harvesting scenarios in the year 2020, a conventional harvest (CH, which removes stems only), and a whole-tree harvest (WTH, which removes 100 % of the above-ground biomass except for stumps) on soil chemistry and weathering rates at three different Swedish forest sites (Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla). Furthermore, acidification following the harvesting events is compared to the historical acidification that took place during the 20th century due to acid rain. Our results show that historical acidification due to acid rain had a larger impact on pore water chemistry and mineral weathering than tree growth and harvesting, at least if nitrification remained at a low level. However, compared to a no-harvest baseline, WTH and CH significantly impacted soil chemistry. Directly after a harvesting event (CH or WTH), the soil solution pH sharply increased for 5 to 10 years before slowly declining over the remainder of the simulation (until year 2080). WTH acidified soils slightly more than CH, but in certain soil horizons there was practically no difference by the year 2080. Even though the pH in the WTH and CH scenario decreased with time as compared to the no-harvest scenario (NH), they did not drop to the levels observed around the peak of historic acidification (1980–1990), indicating that the pH decrease due to tree growth and harvesting would be less impactful than that of historic atmospheric acidification. Weathering rates differed across locations and horizons in response to historic acidification. In general, the predicted changes in weathering rates were very small, which can be explained by the net effect of decreased pH and increased Al3+, which affected the weathering rate in opposite ways. Similarly, weathering rates after the harvesting scenarios in 2020 remained largely unchanged according to the model.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model – Soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric McGivney ◽  
Salim Belyazid ◽  
Therese Zetterberg ◽  
Stefan Löfgren ◽  
Jon Petter Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Forest soils are susceptible to anthropogenic acidification. In the past, acid rain was a major contributor to soil acidification, but now that atmospheric levels of S have dramatically declined, concern has shifted towards biomass-induced acidification, i.e., decreasing soil solution pH due to tree growth and harvesting events that permanently remove base cations (BC) from forest stands. We use a novel dynamic model, HD-MINTEQ, to investigate the long-term impacts of two theoretical future harvesting scenarios in the year 2020, a conventional harvest (CH, which removes stems only) and a whole-tree harvest (WTH, which removes 100 % of the above-ground biomass except for stumps), on soil chemistry and weathering rates at three different Swedish forest sites (Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla). Furthermore, acidification following the harvesting events is compared to the historical acidification that took place during the 20th century due to acid rain. Our results indicate that historical acidification due to acid rain had a larger impact on pore water chemistry and mineral weathering than tree growth and CH or WTH events, at least if nitrification remained at a low level. However, compared to a no-harvest scenario (NH), WTH and CH significantly impacted soil chemistry and weathering rates. Directly after a harvesting event (CH or WTH), the soil solution pH sharply increased for 5 to 10 years before slowly declining over the remainder of the simulation (until year 2080). WTH acidified soils slightly more than CH, with the largest effects being seen for the B1 horizons by the year 2080. Even though the pH values in the WTH and CH scenario decreased with time as compared to NH, they did not drop to the levels observed around the peak of historic acidification (1980–1990), indicating that the pH decrease due to tree growth and harvesting would be less impactful than that of historic atmospheric acidification. Weathering rates differed across locations and soil layers in response to historic acidification, but at several sites and layers, annual weathering rates decreased in tandem with decreasing pH, which is likely due to Al3+ weathering brakes. Weathering rates after the harvesting scenarios in 2020 generally increased although the dynamics were quite different depending on the site and soil layer.

scholarly journals Evolution of a sand-rich submarine channel-lobe system and impact of mass-transport and transitional flow deposits on reservoir heterogeneity: Magnus Field, northern North Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-095
Author(s):  
Michael J. Steventon ◽  
Christopher A-L. Jackson ◽  
Howard D. Johnson ◽  
David M. Hodgson ◽  
Sean Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Transitional Flow ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
The Impact

The geometry, distribution, and rock properties (i.e. porosity and permeability) of turbidite reservoirs, and the processes associated with turbidity current deposition, are relatively well known. However, less attention has been given to the equivalent properties resulting from laminar sediment gravity-flow deposition, with most research limited to cogenetic turbidite-debrites (i.e. transitional flow deposits) or subsurface studies that focus predominantly on seismic-scale mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Thus, we have a limited understanding of the ability of sub-seismic MTDs to act as hydraulic seals and their effect on hydrocarbon production, and/or carbon storage. We investigate the gap between seismically resolvable and sub-seismic MTDs, and transitional flow deposits on long-term reservoir performance in this analysis of a small (<10 km radius submarine fan system), Late Jurassic, sandstone-rich stacked turbidite reservoir (Magnus Field, northern North Sea). We use core, petrophysical logs, pore fluid pressure, quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), and 3D seismic-reflection datasets to quantify the type and distribution of sedimentary facies and rock properties. Our analysis is supported by a relatively long (c. 37 years) and well-documented production history. We recognise a range of sediment gravity deposits: (i) thick-/thin- bedded, structureless and structured turbidite sandstone, constituting the primary productive reservoir facies (c. porosity = 22%, permeability = 500 mD), (ii) a range of transitional flow deposits, and (iii) heterogeneous mud-rich sandstones interpreted as debrites (c. porosity = <10%, volume of clay = 35%, up to 18 m thick). Results from this study show that over the production timescale of the Magnus Field, debrites act as barriers, compartmentalising the reservoir into two parts (upper and lower reservoir), and transitional flow deposits act as baffles, impacting sweep efficiency during production. Prediction of the rock properties of laminar and transitional flow deposits, and their effect on reservoir distribution, has important implications for: (i) exploration play concepts, particularly in predicting the seal potential of MTDs, (ii) pore pressure prediction within turbidite reservoirs, and (iii) the impact of transitional flow deposits on reservoir quality and sweep efficiency.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5313860

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "The Impact of Future Emission Policies on Tropospheric Ozone using a Parameterised Approach"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Turnock ◽  
Oliver Wild ◽  
Frank Dentener ◽  
Yanko Davila ◽  
Louisa Emmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FÄLTMARSCH ◽  
P. ÖSTERHOLM ◽  
M. GREGER
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Uptake Mechanisms

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of soil chemistry on the concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe in oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Fiia) grown on Finnish acid sulphate (AS) soils with varying geochemical characteristics. Twenty two soil profiles, which were sampled to a depth of 1 m (five 20 cm section splits), and 26 composite oat grain samples were collected on a total of five fields. The concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn and Mn in the grains were correlated with the NH4Ac-EDTA-extractable concentrations in the soils. However, as these four chalcophilic metals are in general easily lost to drains and not retained as a large pool in the soil in easily-extractable form, also the concentrations in the oats were not in general elevated as compared with average values on other soils. On one of the fields, however, the Co and Ni concentrations in the soil, and thus also in the oats, were clearly elevated. Copper and Fe displayed no correlation between the soil and oat concentrations, indicating that the plant-uptake mechanisms are much more important than variations in geochemistry. It was suggested that the NH4Ac-EDTA solution was not efficient in extracting Fe and Cu, which shows that these metals are bound in relatively immobile oxyhydroxides.;

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