scholarly journals Variation of soil organic carbon, stable isotopes and soil quality indicators across an eroding-deposition catena in an historical Spanish olive orchard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Gómez ◽  
Gema Guzmán ◽  
Arsenio Toloza ◽  
Christian Resch ◽  
Roberto García-Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Olive Orchard ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Δ15n And Δ13c ◽  
Top 40

Abstract. This study compares the distribution of bulk soil organic carbon (SOC also reported as Corg), its fractions (unprotected, physical, chemical and biochemically protected), available P (Pavail), organic nitrogen (Norg) and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) signatures at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40 cm) between a nearby forested reference area and an historical olive orchard (established in 1856) located in Southern Spain. In addition, these soil properties, as well as water stable aggregates (Wsagg) were contrasted at eroding and deposition areas within the olive orchard, previously determined using 137Cs. Results highlight a significant depletion of SOC stock in the olive orchard as compared to the forested area, approximately 120 vs. 55 t C ha−1 at the top 40 cm of soil respectively, being severe in the case of unprotected carbon fraction. Erosion and deposition within the old olive orchard created large differences in soil properties along a catena, resulting in higher Corg, Pavail and Norg contents and δ15N at the deposition area and therefore defining two areas with a different soil quality status (degraded vs. non-degraded). Differences in δ15N at such different catena locations suggest that this isotopic signature has the potential for being used as an indicator of soil degradation magnitude, although additional studies would be required to confirm this finding. These overall results indicate that proper understanding of Corg content and soil quality in olive orchards require the consideration of the spatial variability induced by erosion/deposition processes for a convenient appraisal at farm scale.

scholarly journals Variation of soil organic carbon, stable isotopes, and soil quality indicators across an erosion–deposition catena in a historical Spanish olive orchard

SOIL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
José A. Gómez ◽  
Gema Guzmán ◽  
Arsenio Toloza ◽  
Christian Resch ◽  
Roberto García-Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Olive Orchard ◽  
Erosion Area ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Δ15n And Δ13c

Abstract. This study compares the distribution of bulk soil organic carbon (SOC), its fractions (unprotected and physically, chemically, and biochemically protected), available phosphorus (Pavail), organic nitrogen (Norg), and stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) signatures at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) between a nearby open forest reference area and a historical olive orchard (established in 1856) located in southern Spain. In addition, these soil properties, as well as water stable aggregates (Wsagg), were contrasted at eroding and deposition areas within the olive orchard, previously determined using 137Cs. SOC stock in the olive orchard (about 40 t C ha−1) was only 25 % of that in the forested area (about 160 t C ha−1) in the upper 40 cm of soil, and the reduction was especially severe in the unprotected organic carbon. The reference and the orchard soils also showed significant differences in the δ13C and δ15N signals, likely due to the different vegetation composition and N dynamics in both areas. Soil properties along a catena, from erosion to deposition areas within the old olive orchard, showed large differences. Soil Corg, Pavail and Norg content, and δ15N at the deposition were significantly higher than those of the erosion area, defining two distinct areas with a different soil quality status. These overall results indicate that the proper understanding of Corg content and soil quality in olive orchards requires the consideration of the spatial variability induced by erosion–deposition processes for a convenient appraisal at the farm scale.

Volumetric soil quality modelling with machine learning in a diverse agricultural landscape in Andalusia, Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rentschler ◽  
Martin Bartelheim ◽  
Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla ◽  
Philipp Gries ◽  
Thomas Scholten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Depth Functions

<p>Soils and soil functions are recognized as a key resource for human well-being throughout time. In an agricultural and forestry perspective, soil functions contribute to food and timber production. Other soil functions are related to freshwater security and energy provisioning. In general, the capacity of a soil to function within specific boundaries is summarised as soil quality. Knowledge about the spatial distribution of soil quality is crucial for sustainable land use and the protection of soils and their functions. This spatial knowledge can be obtained with accurate and efficient machine-learning-based soil mapping approaches, which allow the estimation of the soil quality at distinct locations. However, the vertical distribution of soil properties is usually neglected when assessing soil quality at distinct locations. To overcome such limitations, the depth function of soil properties needs to be incorporated in the modelling. This is not only important to get a better estimation of the overall soil quality throughout the rooting zone, but also to identify factors that limit plant growth, such as strong acidity or alkalinity, and the water holding capacity. Thus, the objective of this study was to model and map the soil quality indicators pH, soil organic carbon, sand, silt and clay content as a volumetric entity. The study area is located in southern Spain in the Province of Seville at the Guadalquivir river. It covers 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> of farmland, citrus and olive plantations, pastures and wood pasture (Dehesa) in the Sierra Morena mountain range, at the Guadalquivir flood plain and tertiary terraces. Soil samples were taken at 130 soil profiles in five depths (or less at shallow soils). The profiles were randomly stratified depending on slope position and land cover. We used a subset of 99 samples from representative soil profiles to assess the overall 513 samples with FT-IR spectroscopy and machine learning methods to model equal-area spline, polynomial and exponential depth functions for each soil quality indicator at each of the 130 profiles. These depth functions were modelled and predicted spatially with a comprehensive set of environmental covariates from remote sensing data, multi-scale terrain analysis and geological maps. By solving the spatially predicted depth functions with a vertical resolution of 5 cm, we obtained a volumetric, i.e. three-dimensional, map of pH, soil organic carbon content and soil texture. Preliminary results are promising for volumetric soil mapping and the estimation of soil quality and limiting factors in three-dimensional space.</p>

scholarly journals From the Ground Up: Prairies on Reclaimed Mine Land—Impacts on Soil and Vegetation

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Swab ◽  
Nicola Lorenz ◽  
Nathan R. Lee ◽  
Steven W. Culman ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Prairie Restorations ◽  
Mine Lands ◽  
The Impact

After strip mining, soils typically suffer from compaction, low nutrient availability, loss of soil organic carbon, and a compromised soil microbial community. Prairie restorations can improve ecosystem services on former agricultural lands, but prairie restorations on mine lands are relatively under-studied. This study investigated the impact of prairie restoration on mine lands, focusing on the plant community and soil properties. In southeast Ohio, 305 ha within a ~2000 ha area of former mine land was converted to native prairie through herbicide and planting between 1999–2016. Soil and vegetation sampling occurred from 2016–2018. Plant community composition shifted with prairie age, with highest native cover in the oldest prairie areas. Prairie plants were more abundant in older prairies. The oldest prairies had significantly more soil fungal biomass and higher soil microbial biomass. However, many soil properties (e.g., soil nutrients, β-glucosoidase activity, and soil organic carbon), as well as plant species diversity and richness trended higher in prairies, but were not significantly different from baseline cool-season grasslands. Overall, restoration with prairie plant communities slowly shifted soil properties, but mining disturbance was still the most significant driver in controlling soil properties. Prairie restoration on reclaimed mine land was effective in establishing a native plant community, with the associated ecosystem benefits.

scholarly journals Effects of Management and Hillside Position on Soil Organic Carbon Stratification in Mediterranean Centenary Olive Grove

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jesús Aguilera-Huertas ◽  
Beatriz Lozano-García ◽  
Manuel González-Rosado ◽  
Luis Parras-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degradation Degree

The short- and medium—long-term effects of management and hillside position on soil organic carbon (SOC) changes were studied in a centenary Mediterranean rainfed olive grove. One way to measure these changes is to analyze the soil quality, as it assesses soil degradation degree and attempts to identify management practices for sustainable soil use. In this context, the SOC stratification index (SR-COS) is one of the best indicators of soil quality to assess the degradation degree from SOC content without analyzing other soil properties. The SR-SOC was calculated in soil profiles (horizon-by-horizon) to identify the best soil management practices for sustainable use. The following time periods and soil management combinations were tested: (i) in the medium‒long-term (17 years) from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), (ii) in the short-term (2 years) from CT to no-tillage with cover crops (NT-CC), and (iii) the effect in the short-term (from CT to NT-CC) of different topographic positions along a hillside. The results indicate that the SR-SOC increased with depth for all management practices. The SR-SOC ranged from 1.21 to 1.73 in CT0, from 1.48 to 3.01 in CT1, from 1.15 to 2.48 in CT2, from 1.22 to 2.39 in NT-CC and from 0.98 to 4.16 in NT; therefore, the soil quality from the SR-SOC index was not directly linked to the increase or loss of SOC along the soil profile. This demonstrates the time-variability of SR-SOC and that NT improves soil quality in the long-term.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Stock of Temperate Coniferous Forests in Northern Kashmir

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Davood A. Dar ◽  
Bhawana Pathak ◽  
M. H. Fulekar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

 Soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation in temperate forests of the Himalaya is important to estimate their contribution to regional, national and global carbon stocks. Physico chemical properties of soil were quantified to assess soil organic carbon density (SOC) and SOC CO2 mitigation density at two soil depths (0-10 and 10-20 cms) under temperate forest in the Northern region of Kashmir Himalayas India. The results indicate that conductance, moisture content, organic carbon and organic matter were significantly higher while as pH and bulk density were lower at Gulmarg forest site. SOC % was ranging from 2.31± 0.96 at Gulmarg meadow site to 2.31 ± 0.26 in Gulmarg forest site. SOC stocks in these temperate forests were from 36.39 ±15.40 to 50.09 ± 15.51 Mg C ha-1. The present study reveals that natural vegetation is the main contributor of soil quality as it maintained the soil organic carbon stock. In addition, organic matter is an important indicator of soil quality and environmental parameters such as soil moisture and soil biological activity change soil carbon sequestration potential in temperate forest ecosystems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12186International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15; page: 161-178

scholarly journals THE USE OF PATH ANALYSIS IN THE DETERMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR EFFECTS ON THE TOTAL PRODUCTION OF AQUACULTURE PONDS IN PASURUAN, EAST JAVA PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Andi Indra Jaya Asaad ◽  
Erna Ratnawati ◽  
Akhmad Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Soil And Water

Environmental factors in the form of soil and water quality are the important factors of aquaculture pond productivity, including total production (tiger shrimps, Penaeus monodon, and milkfish, Chanos chanos) in Pasuruan, East Java Province. The objective of this study was to analyze the direct or indirect effects of soil and water quality on the total production of ponds in Pasuruan using a path analysis application. Data were collected in the pond areas around Pasuruan Regency including Nguling, Lekok, Rejoso, Keraton, and Bangil Sub-Districts as well as Pasuruan City. Soil quality was determined as a free variable and exogen; water quality as mediate variable, suspended, and endogen; as well as milkfish production as suspended variable and endogen. Environmental characteristics were illustrated using descriptive statistics, while environment factor effects on total production were analyzed using path analysis. The results of path analysis show that from the 12 analyzed soil quality variables, only two variables were affected in the total production of pond (tiger shrimps and milkfish) namely: contents of soil organic carbon and soil phosphate. While based on 11 water quality variables, two variables (water salinity and water iron) were affected the total production of ponds in Pasuruan Regency. The direct effects of soil organic carbon and phosphate on the total production were 0.314 and -0.600, respectively. Water salinity and water iron gave direct effects on total production amounting to -0.678 and 0.358 respectively. It is also found that two soil variables which were affected in the total production, did not indicate the effect towards water quality in ponds. Further implication of this research is put more attention for these variables into pond’s management in order to gain more production. Technical application could be appropriate for pond preparation and frequently water changing during grow out.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon saturation in cropland-grassland systems: Storage potential and soil quality

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 115529
Author(s):  
Thomas Guillaume ◽  
David Makowski ◽  
Zamir Libohova ◽  
Luca Bragazza ◽  
Fatbardh Sallaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Carbon Saturation ◽  
Storage Potential
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