scholarly journals Quantifying and correcting for pre-assay CO<sub>2</sub> loss in short-term carbon mineralization assays

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Belanger ◽  
Carmella Vizza ◽  
G. Philip Robertson ◽  
Sarah S. Roley
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Correction

Abstract. The active fraction of soil organic carbon is an important component of soil health and often is quickly assessed as the pulse of CO2 released by re-wetting dried soils in short-term (24–72 h) assays. However, soils can lose carbon (C) as they dry and, if soil samples vary in moisture content at sampling, differential C loss during the pre-assay dry-down period may complicate the assay's interpretations. We examined the impact of pre-assay CO2 loss in a long-cultivated agricultural soil at initial moisture contents of 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % water-filled pore space (WFPS). We found that 50 % and 70 % WFPS treatments lost more C during drying than did those in the 30 % WFPS treatment and that dry-down losses led to a 26 %–32 % underestimate of their CO2 pulses. We developed a soil-specific correction factor to account for these initial soil moisture effects. Future C mineralization studies may benefit from similar corrections.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Quantifying and Correcting for Pre-Assay CO<sub>2</sub> Loss in Short-Term Carbon Mineralization Assays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Belanger ◽  
Carmella Vizza ◽  
G. Philip Robertson ◽  
Sarah S. Roley
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Specific Correction

Abstract. The active fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of soil health and often is quickly assessed as the amount of CO2 released by re-wetting dried soils in short-term (24–72 h) assays. However, soils can lose carbon (C) as they dry and if soil samples vary in moisture content at sampling, differential C loss during the pre-assay dry-down period may complicate interpretations of C availability. We examined pre-assay CO2 loss and its influence on apparent C availability in the same soil at initial moisture contents of 30, 50, and 70 % water-filled pore space (WFPS). We found that 50 and 70 % WFPS treatments lost more C during drying than those in the 30 % WFPS treatment, which led to a 26–32 % underestimate of C availability in wetter soil. We developed a soil-specific correction factor to account for these initial soil moisture effects. Future C mineralization studies may benefit from similar corrections.

scholarly journals A Study on Knowledge and Utilization of Soil Health Card by Small and Marginal Farmers in Nalanda District of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Kumar Saurabh ◽  
Syed H. Mazhar ◽  
Dipak Kumar Bose
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
The Impact

Soil health and fertility is the basis for sustainable profitability of the farmers.Hence, there is a need for balanced use of fertilizers, keeping this government of India introduced Soil Health Card Scheme across India. On 5th December 2015 the ministry of agriculture introduced the soil health card (SHC) scheme.Some farmers complained that the soil test values are not representative of their fields and they also complained that the field staff are not collected soil samples in their presence.In this background an attempt was made to study the impact on socio-economic conditions of the small and marginal farmers.Total of 120 respondents was selected in Ekangarsarai block, Nalanda district, Bihar by purposive sampling method. The data was collected from them and analyzed using MS-excel.Given the short duration of the scheme, knowledge levels are good. At the same time participation of farmers in meetings, exposure visits are not high. Awareness campaigns need to be organized on content of SHCs, use of recommended practices, reduction in fertilizer use and costs and increase in profitability.

scholarly journals Impact of brewery wastewater sludge on microbiological quality of agricultural soil

1970 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
C. Ike Christian ◽  
C. Odika Prince ◽  
E. Okorie Peace
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
The Impact

Impact of brewery wastewater sludge on microbiological quality of agricultural soil was studied using standard methods. Different concentrations of brewery wastewater sludge were added to soil sample collected from abandoned farm land to produce test soil samples A to C; and a control (without sludge). The samples were allowed to stay for 80 days with exposure to same environmental condition. Standard methods were deployed to isolate and group organisms from the soil samples. Important microbes such as Streptococcus sp., Klebsilla sp., Proteus sp., Vibrio sp., Shigella sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Escherichia sp., and Bacillus sp amongst others were isolated. The isolated organisms and their loads were more on the test soil samples against the control. These could be indication of the impact of the brewery sludge on the soil. Organisms isolated and grouped have one or more beneficial role to play with relevance to agricultural soil. This study has revealed the impact of brewery wastewater sludge on microbiological quality of agricultural soil.

Microbes meet Structure - Soil Ecology in Microengineered Soil Chips

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Hammer ◽  
Micaela Paola Mafla Endara ◽  
Carlos G. C. Arellano ◽  
Kristin Aleklett ◽  
Milda Pucetaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Many soil processes are governed by microbes, and biological and physical processes influence each other. We recently developed microfluidic model systems that simulate the spatial microstructure of soil microbial habitats in a transparent material, which we call Soil Chips. They allow us to study the impact of soil physical microstructures on microbes, and vice versa, the influence of microbes on soil physical properties: such as Microbial behavior and interactions in response to a spatially refined habitat, or wettability and water retention, soil aggregate formation and changes in the pore space.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We inoculated our chips with fluorescent lab cultures or natural whole soil inocula. Through the chips we observed via microscopy processes in real-time and at the scale of the microbial cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We could study fungi, bacteria, protists and nematodes as well as the distribution of soil minerals and soil solution in the chips. We subjected the adjacent soil to drying-rewetting processes, which was visible in water movements inside the chip. We studied the development of preferential water flow paths, and water retention in smaller pores and as a consequence of microbial exudates. Also the microbes themselves influenced the formation of microhabitats, where fungal hyphae both blocked connections and pushed through existing borders, and single-celled protozoa opened passages through existing aggregates. We found that the presence of fungal hyphae in a pore space system increased both the presence of bacteria and the likelihood of water in the pores, and thus allowing us to study fungal highways in a more realistic soil setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chips act like a window into the soil, through which we can eaves-drop on a world that otherwise is largely hidden to us: Jostling protists, tsunami-like drying-rewetting events, and fungi with character. Beyond the scientific potential, the chips can also bring soils closer to people and hopefully increase engagement in soil health conservation.&lt;/p&gt;

Short-term temperature impact on soil heterotrophic respiration in limed agricultural soil samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Buysse ◽  
Stéphanie Goffin ◽  
Monique Carnol ◽  
Sandrine Malchair ◽  
Alain Debacq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Temperature Impact

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Diatoms in the Amur Bay sediments (Sea of Japan) and the impact of typhoons on their accumulation over the last 2000 years

2019 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Irina A. Prushkovskaya ◽  
Ira B. Tsoy
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Bromine Content ◽  
Amur Bay ◽  
The Impact

The study of diatoms in the sediments of the Amur Bay (Sea of Japan), formed over the last 2000 years, showed that the sharp short-term drops in the concentration of diatoms coincide with the minima of bromine content, which can be explained by the influence of typhoons or other catastrophic events leading to floods and used later in paleoreconstructions.

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