scholarly journals Clustering wind profile shapes to estimate airborne wind energy production

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schelbergen ◽  
Peter C. Kalverla ◽  
Roland Schmehl ◽  
Simon J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Height Range ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems harness energy at heights beyond the reach of tower-based wind turbines. To estimate the annual energy production (AEP), measured or modelled wind speed statistics close to the ground are commonly extrapolated to higher altitudes, introducing substantial uncertainties. This study proposes a clustering procedure for obtaining wind statistics for an extended height range from modelled datasets that include the variation in the wind speed and direction with height. K-means clustering is used to identify a set of wind profile shapes that characterise the wind resource. The methodology is demonstrated using the Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas for the locations of the met masts IJmuiden and Cabauw, 85 km off the Dutch coast in the North Sea and in the centre of the Netherlands, respectively. The cluster-mean wind profile shapes and the corresponding temporal cycles, wind properties, and atmospheric stability are in good agreement with the literature. Finally, it is demonstrated how a set of wind profile shapes is used to estimate the AEP of a small-scale pumping AWE system located at Cabauw, which requires the derivation of a separate power curve for each wind profile shape. Studying the relationship between the estimated AEP and the number of site-specific clusters used for the calculation shows that the difference in AEP relative to the converged value is less than 3 % for four or more clusters.

scholarly journals Clustering wind profile shapes to estimate airborne wind energy production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schelbergen ◽  
Peter C. Kalverla ◽  
Roland Schmehl ◽  
Simon J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Height Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract. Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems typically harness energy in an altitude range up to 500 m above the ground. To estimate the annual energy production (AEP), measured wind speed statistics close to the ground are commonly extrapolated to higher altitudes, introducing substantial uncertainties. This study proposes a clustering procedure for obtaining wind statistics for an extended height range from reanalysis data or long-term LiDAR measurements that include the vertical variation of the wind speed and direction. K-means clustering is used to identify a set of prevailing wind profile shapes that characterise the wind resource. The methodology is demonstrated using the Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas and LiDAR observations for the locations of the met masts IJmuiden and Cabauw, 85 km off the Dutch coast in the North Sea and in the center of the Netherlands, respectively. The resulting wind profile shapes and the corresponding temporal cycles, wind properties, and atmospheric stability are in good agreement with literature. Finally, it is demonstrated how a set of wind profile shapes and their statistics can be used to estimate the AEP of a pumping AWE system. For four or more clusters, the site specific AEP error is within a few percent of the converged value.

scholarly journals Offshore Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Asturias (N Spain)

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1416
Author(s):  
Mario López ◽  
Noel Rodríguez-Fuertes ◽  
Rodrigo Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Spain ◽  
First Time

This work assesses for the first time the offshore wind energy resource in Asturias, a region in the North of Spain. Numerical model and observational databases are used to characterize the gross wind energy resource at different points throughout the area of study. The production of several wind turbines is then forecasted on the basis of each technology power curve and the wind speed distributions. The results are mapped for a better interpretation and discussion.

Long-term climate change effects in the European offshore wind energy 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Susini ◽  
Melisa Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Change Impact

<p>Climate change and offshore renewable energy sector are connected by a double nature link. Even though energy generation from clean marine sources is one of the strategies to reduce climate change impact within next decades, it is expected that large scale modification of circulation patterns will have in turn an impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of the wind fields. Under the WINDSURFER project of the ERA4CS initiative, we analyse the climate change impact on marine wind energy resource for the European offshore wind energy sector. Long-term changes in specific climate indicators are evaluated over the European marine domain (e.g. wind power density, extreme winds, operation hours) as well as local indicators (e.g. gross energy yield, capacity factor) at several relevant operating offshore wind farms.</p><p>Adopting an ensemble approach, we focus on the climate change greenhouse gases scenario RCP8.5 during the end of the century (2081-2100 period) and analyze the changes and uncertainty of the resulting multi-model from seven high resolution Regional Climate Models (RCM) realized within Euro-Cordex initiative (EUR-11, ~12.5km). ERA5 reanalysis and in-situ offshore measurements are the historical data used in present climate.</p><p>Results indicate a small decrease of wind energy production, testified by reduction of the climatological indicators of wind speed and wind power density, particularly in the NW part of the domain of study. The totality of the currently operating offshore windfarms is located in this area, where a decrease up to 20% in the annual energy production is expected by the end of the century, accompanied by a reduction of the operation hours between 5 and 8%. Exceptions are represented by Aegean and Baltic Sea, where these indicators are expected to slightly increase. Extreme storm winds however show a different spatial pattern of change. The wind speed associated to 50 years return period decreases within western Mediterranean Sea and Biscay Bay, while increases in the remaining part of the domain (up to 15% within Aegean and Black Sea). Finally, the estimated variations in wind direction are relevant on the Biscay Bay region.</p>

scholarly journals Practical electrical energy production to solve the shortage in electricity in Palestine and Pay Back period

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4610
Author(s):  
Ahmed S A Badawi ◽  
Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah ◽  
Siti Yusoff ◽  
Aisha Hashim ◽  
Mohammed Elamassie
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

In this paper power energy had been estimated based on actual wind speed records in a coastal city in Palestine Ashdod. The main aims of this study to determine the feasibility of wind turbine and to estimate payback period. Therefore, to encourage investment in renewable energy in Palestine. The daily average wind speed data had been analyzed and fitted to the Weibull probability distribution function. The parameters of Weibull had been calculated by author using Graphical method the applied example wind turbine is 5kw wind turbine generator this is suitable turbine for small scale based on wind speed records on the coastal plain of Palestine. This study calculated the energy that can produce from wind turbine to estimate the revenue of any possible project in wind energy conversion system based on unit area. Energy has been calculated wind energy using two different method based on Weibull data and measured data. The total amount of energy for 2010 is 10749.8 kw.hr/m2 based on measured wind speed. Payback period for the project in wind energy turbines is around 3 years which make the generation electricity possible for small scale but not commercial. This study will lead to assess the wind energy production in Palestine to encourage investment in renewable energy sectors.

scholarly journals An intercomparison of mesoscale models at simple sites for wind energy applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke T. Olsen ◽  
Andrea N. Hahmann ◽  
Anna Maria Sempreviva ◽  
Jake Badger ◽  
Hans E. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract. Understanding uncertainties in wind resource assessment associated with the use of the output from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is important for wind energy applications. A better understanding of the sources of error reduces risk and lowers costs. Here, an intercomparison of the output from 25 NWP models is presented for three sites in northern Europe characterized by simple terrain. The models are evaluated using a number of statistical properties relevant to wind energy and verified with observations. On average the models have small wind speed biases offshore and aloft (< 4 %) and larger biases closer to the surface over land (> 7 %). A similar pattern is detected for the inter-model spread. Strongly stable and strongly unstable atmospheric stability conditions are associated with larger wind speed errors. Strong indications are found that using a grid spacing larger than 3 km decreases the accuracy of the models, but we found no evidence that using a grid spacing smaller than 3 km is necessary for these simple sites. Applying the models to a simple wind energy offshore wind farm highlights the importance of capturing the correct distributions of wind speed and direction.

scholarly journals Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Beate Geyer ◽  
Burkhardt Rockel ◽  
Philipp S. Sommer ◽  
Corinna Schrum
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

AbstractThe European Union has set ambitious CO2 reduction targets, stimulating renewable energy production and accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy in northern European waters, mainly the North Sea. With increasing size and clustering, offshore wind farms (OWFs) wake effects, which alter wind conditions and decrease the power generation efficiency of wind farms downwind become more important. We use a high-resolution regional climate model with implemented wind farm parameterizations to explore offshore wind energy production limits in the North Sea. We simulate near future wind farm scenarios considering existing and planned OWFs in the North Sea and assess power generation losses and wind variations due to wind farm wake. The annual mean wind speed deficit within a wind farm can reach 2–2.5 ms−1 depending on the wind farm geometry. The mean deficit, which decreases with distance, can extend 35–40 km downwind during prevailing southwesterly winds. Wind speed deficits are highest during spring (mainly March–April) and lowest during November–December. The large-size of wind farms and their proximity affect not only the performance of its downwind turbines but also that of neighboring downwind farms, reducing the capacity factor by 20% or more, which increases energy production costs and economic losses. We conclude that wind energy can be a limited resource in the North Sea. The limits and potentials for optimization need to be considered in climate mitigation strategies and cross-national optimization of offshore energy production plans are inevitable.

scholarly journals Evaluating the potential of offshore wind energy in the Gulf of Oman using the MENA-CORDEX wind speed data simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 613-626
Author(s):  
Shahab S. Band ◽  
Sayed M. Bateni ◽  
Mansour Almazroui ◽  
Shahin Sajjadi ◽  
Kwok-wing Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
Wind Speed Data

scholarly journals Dynamic Loads and Response of a Spar Buoy Wind Turbine with Pitch-Controlled Rotating Blades: An Experimental Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3598
Author(s):  
Sara Russo ◽  
Pasquale Contestabile ◽  
Andrea Bardazzi ◽  
Elisa Leone ◽  
Gregorio Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wave Steepness ◽  
Design Factor

New large-scale laboratory data are presented on a physical model of a spar buoy wind turbine with angular motion of control surfaces implemented (pitch control). The peculiarity of this type of rotating blade represents an essential aspect when studying floating offshore wind structures. Experiments were designed specifically to compare different operational environmental conditions in terms of wave steepness and wind speed. Results discussed here were derived from an analysis of only a part of the whole dataset. Consistent with recent small-scale experiments, data clearly show that the waves contributed to most of the model motions and mooring loads. A significant nonlinear behavior for sway, roll and yaw has been detected, whereas an increase in the wave period makes the wind speed less influential for surge, heave and pitch. In general, as the steepness increases, the oscillations decrease. However, higher wind speed does not mean greater platform motions. Data also indicate a significant role of the blade rotation in the turbine thrust, nacelle dynamic forces and power in six degrees of freedom. Certain pairs of wind speed-wave steepness are particularly unfavorable, since the first harmonic of the rotor (coupled to the first wave harmonic) causes the thrust force to be larger than that in more energetic sea states. The experiments suggest that the inclusion of pitch-controlled, variable-speed blades in physical (and numerical) tests on such types of structures is crucial, highlighting the importance of pitch motion as an important design factor.

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